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Darestani-Farahani M, Ma F, Patel V, Selvaganapathy PR, Kruse P. An ion-selective chemiresistive platform as demonstrated for the detection of nitrogen species in water. Analyst 2023; 148:5731-5744. [PMID: 37840463 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of ion-selective electrodes (ISE) is a well-established technique for the detection of ions in aqueous solutions but requires the use of a reference electrode. Here, we introduce a platform of ion-selective chemiresistors for the detection of nitrogen species in water as an alternative method without the need for reference electrodes. Chemiresistors have a sensitive surface that is prone to damage during operation in aqueous solutions. By applying a layer of ion-selective membrane to the surface of the chemiresistive device, the surface becomes protected and highly selective. We demonstrate both anion-selective (NO3-, NO2-) and cation-selective (NH4+) membranes. The nitrate sensors are able to measure nitrate ions in a range of 2.2-220 ppm with a detection limit of 0.3 ppm. The nitrite sensors respond between 67 ppb and 67 ppm of nitrite ions (64 ppb detection limit). The ammonium sensors can measure ammonium concentrations in a wide range from 10 ppb to 100 ppm (0.5 ppb detection limit). The fast responses to nitrate and nitrite are due to a mechanism involving electrostatic gating repulsion between negative charge carriers of the film and anions while ammonium detection arises from two mechanisms based on electrostatic gating repulsion and adsorption of ammonium ions at the surface of the p-doped chemiresistive film. The adsorption phenomenon slows down the recovery time of the ammonium sensor. This sensor design is a new platform to continuously monitor ions in industrial, domestic, and environmental water resources by robust chemiresistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darestani-Farahani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Fanqing Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Vinay Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | | | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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2
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Phoonsawat K, Agir I, Dungchai W, Ozer T, Henry CS. A smartphone-assisted hybrid sensor for simultaneous potentiometric and distance-based detection of electrolytes. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1226:340245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Vizza M, Marcantelli P, Giovani C, Giurlani W, Giusti P, Fontanesi C, Innocenti M. Low-Cost Potentiometric Sensor for Chloride Measurement in Continuous Industrial Process Control. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103087. [PMID: 35630562 PMCID: PMC9144062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the new updates in legislation about drinking water control and human health have increased the demand for novel electrochemical low-cost sensors, such as potentiometric ones. Nowadays, the determination of chloride ion in aqueous solutions has attracted great attention in several fields, from industrial processes to drinking water control. Indeed, chloride plays a crucial role in corrosion, also influencing the final taste of beverages, especially coffee. The main goal is to obtain devices suitable for continuous and real-time analysis. For these reasons, we investigated the possibility to develop an easy, low-cost potentiometric chloride sensor, able to perform analysis in aqueous mediums for long immersion time and reducing the need of periodic calibration. We realized a chloride ion selective electrode made of Ag/AgCl sintered pellet and we tested its response in model solutions compatible with drinking water. The sensor was able to produce a stable, reproducible, and accurate quantification of chloride in 900 s, without the need for a preliminary calibration test. This opens the route to potential applications of this sensor in continuous, in situ, and real time measurement of chloride ions in industrial processes, with a reduced need for periodic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vizza
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (P.M.); (C.G.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (M.I.)
| | - Patrick Marcantelli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (P.M.); (C.G.); (W.G.)
| | - Claudia Giovani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (P.M.); (C.G.); (W.G.)
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (P.M.); (C.G.); (W.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Paolo Giusti
- CDR S.R.L., Via degli Artigiani 6, 50055 Ginestra Fiorentina, FI, Italy;
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, MO, Italy;
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (P.M.); (C.G.); (W.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, FI, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (M.I.)
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4
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Abramova N, Bratov A. ISFET‐based ion sensors with photopolymerizable membranes. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Abramova
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB‐CNM, CSIC) Barcelona Spain
| | - Andrey Bratov
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB‐CNM, CSIC) Barcelona Spain
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5
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Yue J, Yu L, Li L, Liu P, Mei Q, Dong WF, Yang R. One-Step Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Chloride Detecting and for Bioimaging. Front Chem 2021; 9:718856. [PMID: 34604169 PMCID: PMC8484530 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.718856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride ion is an essential ion in organisms, which plays an important role in maintaining normal cell functions. It is involved in many cell activities, such as cell proliferation, cell excitability regulation, immune response, and volume regulation. Accurate detection of the chloride ion can balance its concentration in vivo, which is of great significance. In this study, we developed a green fluorescent carbon quantum dot to detect chloride concentration through the “off–on” mechanism. First, the fluorescence of carbon dots is quenched by the complex of sulfhydryl and silver ions on the surface of carbon dots. Then, the addition of chloride ions pulls away the silver ions and restores the fluorescence. The fluorescence recovery is linearly related to the concentration of chloride ions, and the limit of detection is 2.817 μM, which is much lower than those of other reported chloride probes. Besides, cell and zebrafish experiments confirmed the biosafety and biocompatibility of the carbon dots, which provided a possibility for further applications in bioimaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China.,Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Pai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China.,Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Yang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Zeng J, Kuang L, Miscourides N, Georgiou P. A 128 × 128 Current-Mode Ultra-High Frame Rate ISFET Array With In-Pixel Calibration for Real-Time Ion Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:359-372. [PMID: 32070997 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.2973508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-high frame rate and high spatial resolution ion-sensing Lab-on-Chip platform using a 128 × 128 CMOS ISFET array is presented. Current mode operation is employed to facilitate high-speed operation, with the ISFET sensors biased in the triode region to provide a linear response. Sensing pixels include a reset switch to allow in-pixel calibration for non-idealities such as offset, trapped charge and drift by periodically resetting the floating gate of the ISFET sensor. Current mode row-parallel signal processing is applied throughout the readout pipeline including auto-zeroing circuits for the removal of fixed pattern noise. The 128 readout signals are multiplexed to eight high-sample-rate on-chip current mode ADCs followed by an off-chip PCIe-based readout system on a FPGA with a latency of 0.15 s. Designed in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, the complete system-on-chip occupies an area of 2.6 × 2.2 [Formula: see text] with a pixel size of 18 × 12.5 μ[Formula: see text] and the whole system achieves a frame rate of 3000 fps which is the highest reported in the literature for ISFET arrays. The platform is demonstrated in the application of real-time ion-imaging through the high-speed visualization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diffusion in water at 60 fps on screen in addition to slow-motion playback of ion-dynamics recorded at 3000 fps.
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7
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Ke X. Micro-fabricated electrochemical chloride ion sensors: From the present to the future. Talanta 2020; 211:120734. [PMID: 32070599 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The real-time detection and monitoring of chloride ion concentrations play important roles in broad industrial applications, including wearable health care device, environmental pollutant control and infrastructure corrosion monitoring. The development of all-solid-state micro-fabricated electrochemical sensors has enabled the miniaturisation of these testing devices. This study reviewed the micro-fabricated electrochemical chloride sensors developed since 1970s, together with a brief summary regarding the progression of miniaturised electrochemical sensors in the past half century. Three major types of electrochemical chloride sensors with specific ion-selectivity have been discussed, the potentiometric sensors (including both ion-selective electrodes and chemical FETs), the chronopotentiometric sensors and the voltammetric sensors. In addition, colorimetric sensors, an emerging low-cost, portable, fast diagnose sensor technique has been included in this review. Four critical sensor performances have been reviewed and compared systematically, the sensibility (chloride concentration range), selectivity, lifetime and applicable pH ranges. The future perspectives for engineering applications proposed in this review will benefit the further development of integrated multi-functional sensors, as well as new instrumental testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ke
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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8
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Organoleptic Analysis of Drinking Water Using an Electronic Tongue Based on Electrochemical Microsensors. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19061435. [PMID: 30909583 PMCID: PMC6471140 DOI: 10.3390/s19061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The standards that establish water’s quality criteria for human consumption include organoleptic analysis. These analyses are performed by taste panels that are not available to all water supply companies with the required frequency. In this work, we propose the use of an electronic tongue to perform organoleptic tests in drinking water. The aim is to automate the whole process of these tests, making them more economical, simple, and accessible. The system is composed by an array of electrochemical microsensors and chemometric tools for multivariable processing to extract the useful chemical information. The array of sensors is composed of six Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFET)-based sensors, one conductivity sensor, one redox potential sensor, and two amperometric electrodes, one gold microelectrode for chlorine detection, and one nanocomposite planar electrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand. A previous study addressed to classify water samples according to taste/smell descriptors (sweet, acidic, salty, bitter, medicinal, chlorinous, mouldy, and earthy) was performed. A second study comparing the results of two organoleptic tests (hedonic evaluation and ranking test) with the electronic tongue, using Partial Least Squares regression, was conducted. The results show that the proposed electronic tongue is capable of analyzing water samples according to their organoleptic characteristics, which can be used as an alternative method to the taste panel.
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9
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Apichai S, Wang L, Pankratova N, Grudpan K, Bakker E. Ion-exchange Microemulsions for Eliminating Dilute Interferences in Potentiometric Determinations. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sutasinee Apichai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nadezda Pankratova
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Kate Grudpan
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
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10
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Jarolímová Z, Han T, Mattinen U, Bobacka J, Bakker E. Capacitive Model for Coulometric Readout of Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8700-8707. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeňka Jarolímová
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Tingting Han
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Ulriika Mattinen
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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11
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Tseng SC, Wu TY, Chou JC, Liao YH, Lai CH, Yan SJ, Tseng TW. Investigation of Sensitivities and Drift Effects of the Arrayed Flexible Chloride Sensor Based on RuO₂/GO at Different Temperatures. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020632. [PMID: 29461506 PMCID: PMC5855318 DOI: 10.3390/s18020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the temperature effect on sensing characteristics and drift effect of an arrayed flexible ruthenium dioxide (RuO2)/graphene oxide (GO) chloride sensor at different solution temperatures between 10 °C and 50 °C. The average sensor sensitivities according to our experimental results were 28.2 ± 1.4 mV/pCl (10 °C), 42.5 ± 2.0 mV/pCl (20 °C), 47.1 ± 1.8 mV/pCl (30 °C), 54.1 ± 2.01 mV/pCl (40 °C) and 46.6 ± 2.1 mV/pCl (50 °C). We found the drift effects of an arrayed flexible RuO2/GO chloride sensor in a 1 M NaCl solution to be between 8.2 mV/h and 2.5 mV/h with solution temperatures from 10 °C to 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chang Tseng
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Tong-Yu Wu
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Chuan Chou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Information and Electronic Commerce Management, TransWorld University, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsien Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Siao-Jie Yan
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Wei Tseng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan.
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12
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Pankratova N, Cuartero M, Jowett LA, Howe EN, Gale PA, Bakker E, Crespo GA. Fluorinated tripodal receptors for potentiometric chloride detection in biological fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Zafar S, Lu M, Jagtiani A. Comparison between Field Effect Transistors and Bipolar Junction Transistors as Transducers in Electrochemical Sensors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41430. [PMID: 28134275 PMCID: PMC5278393 DOI: 10.1038/srep41430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Field effect transistors (FET) have been widely used as transducers in electrochemical sensors for over 40 years. In this report, a FET transducer is compared with the recently proposed bipolar junction transistor (BJT) transducer. Measurements are performed on two chloride electrochemical sensors that are identical in all details except for the transducer device type. Comparative measurements show that the transducer choice significantly impacts the electrochemical sensor characteristics. Signal to noise ratio is 20 to 2 times greater for the BJT sensor. Sensitivity is also enhanced: BJT sensing signal changes by 10 times per pCl, whereas the FET signal changes by 8 or less times. Also, sensor calibration curves are impacted by the transducer choice. Unlike a FET sensor, the calibration curve of the BJT sensor is independent of applied voltages. Hence, a BJT sensor can make quantitative sensing measurements with minimal calibration requirements, an important characteristic for mobile sensing applications. As a demonstration for mobile applications, these BJT sensors are further investigated by measuring chloride levels in artificial human sweat for potential cystic fibrosis diagnostic use. In summary, the BJT device is demonstrated to be a superior transducer in comparison to a FET in an electrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufi Zafar
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Minhua Lu
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Ashish Jagtiani
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
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Giménez-Gómez P, Escudé-Pujol R, Capdevila F, Puig-Pujol A, Jiménez-Jorquera C, Gutiérrez-Capitán M. Portable Electronic Tongue Based on Microsensors for the Analysis of Cava Wines. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111796. [PMID: 27801796 PMCID: PMC5134455 DOI: 10.3390/s16111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cava is a quality sparkling wine produced in Spain. As a product with a designation of origin, Cava wine has to meet certain quality requirements throughout its production process; therefore, the analysis of several parameters is of great interest. In this work, a portable electronic tongue for the analysis of Cava wine is described. The system is comprised of compact and low-power-consumption electronic equipment and an array of microsensors formed by six ion-selective field effect transistors sensitive to pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, and CO32−, one conductivity sensor, one redox potential sensor, and two amperometric gold microelectrodes. This system, combined with chemometric tools, has been applied to the analysis of 78 Cava wine samples. Results demonstrate that the electronic tongue is able to classify the samples according to the aging time, with a percentage of correct prediction between 80% and 96%, by using linear discriminant analysis, as well as to quantify the total acidity, pH, volumetric alcoholic degree, potassium, conductivity, glycerol, and methanol parameters, with mean relative errors between 2.3% and 6.0%, by using partial least squares regressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Giménez-Gómez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Roger Escudé-Pujol
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Fina Capdevila
- Institut Català de la Vinya i el Vi (IRTA-INCAVI), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain.
| | - Anna Puig-Pujol
- Institut Català de la Vinya i el Vi (IRTA-INCAVI), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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15
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Application of Photocured Polymer Ion Selective Membranes for Solid-State Chemical Sensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors3020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Toumazou C, Thay TSLK, Georgiou P. A new era of semiconductor genetics using ion-sensitive field-effect transistors: the gene-sensitive integrated cell. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20130112. [PMID: 24567478 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor genetics is now disrupting the field of healthcare owing to the rapid parallelization and scaling of DNA sensing using ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) fabricated using commercial complementary metal -oxide semiconductor technology. The enabling concept of DNA reaction monitoring introduced by Toumazou has made this a reality and we are now seeing relentless scaling with Moore's law ultimately achieving the $100 genome. In this paper, we present the next evolution of this technology through the creation of the gene-sensitive integrated cell (GSIC) for label-free real-time analysis based on ISFETs. This device is derived from the traditional metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and has electrical performance identical to that of a MOSFET in a standard semiconductor process, yet is capable of incorporating DNA reaction chemistries for applications in single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and DNA sequencing. Just as application-specific integrated circuits, which are developed in much the same way, have shaped our consumer electronics industry and modern communications and memory technology, so, too, do GSICs based on a single underlying technology principle have the capacity to transform the life science and healthcare industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Toumazou
- Centre for Bio-inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
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Gutiérrez-Capitán M, Santiago JL, Vila-Planas J, Llobera A, Boso S, Gago P, Martínez MC, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Classification and characterization of different white grape juices by using a hybrid electronic tongue. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9325-32. [PMID: 24001189 DOI: 10.1021/jf402960q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A multisensor system combined with multivariate analysis is applied for the characterization and classification of white grape juices. The proposed system, known as hybrid electronic tongue, consists of an array of electrochemical microsensors and a colorimetric optofluidic system. A total of 25 white grape juices representing the large variability of vines grown in the Northwest Iberian Peninsula were studied. The data obtained were treated with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy (SIMCA). The first tool was used to train the system with the reference genotypes -Albariño, Muscat à Petit Grains Blanc and Palomino- and the second to study the feasibility of the hybrid electronic tongue to distinguish between different grape juice varieties. The results show that the three reference genotypes are well differentiated in the PCA model and this can be used to interpolate the rest of varieties and predict their basic characteristics. Besides, using the SIMCA, the system demonstrates high potential for classifying and discriminating grape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Application of an e-tongue to the analysis of monovarietal and blends of white wines. SENSORS 2011; 11:4840-57. [PMID: 22163879 PMCID: PMC3231368 DOI: 10.3390/s110504840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a multiparametric system capable of characterizing and classifying white wines according to the grape variety and geographical origin. Besides, it quantifies specific parameters of interest for quality control in wine. The system, known as a hybrid electronic tongue, consists of an array of electrochemical microsensors-six ISFET based sensors, a conductivity sensor, a redox potential sensor and two amperometric electrodes, a gold microelectrode and a microelectrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand--and a miniaturized optofluidic system. The test sample set comprised eighteen Catalan monovarietal white wines from four different grape varieties, two Croatian monovarietal white wines and seven bi- and trivarietal mixtures prepared from the Catalan varieties. Different chemometric tools were used to characterize (i.e., Principal Component Analysis), classify (i.e., Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy) and quantify (i.e., Partial-Least Squares) some parameters of interest. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the multisensor system for analysis of wine.
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Plata MR, Contento AM, Ríos A. State-of-the-art of (bio)chemical sensor developments in analytical Spanish groups. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:2511-76. [PMID: 22319260 PMCID: PMC3274191 DOI: 10.3390/s100402511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(Bio)chemical sensors are one of the most exciting fields in analytical chemistry today. The development of these analytical devices simplifies and miniaturizes the whole analytical process. Although the initial expectation of the massive incorporation of sensors in routine analytical work has been truncated to some extent, in many other cases analytical methods based on sensor technology have solved important analytical problems. Many research groups are working in this field world-wide, reporting interesting results so far. Modestly, Spanish researchers have contributed to these recent developments. In this review, we summarize the more representative achievements carried out for these groups. They cover a wide variety of sensors, including optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric or electro-mechanical devices, used for laboratory or field analyses. The capabilities to be used in different applied areas are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Reyes Plata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla, La Mancha, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.P.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ana María Contento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla, La Mancha, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.P.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Angel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla, La Mancha, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.P.); (A.M.C.)
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Gutiérrez M, Llobera A, Vila-Planas J, Capdevila F, Demming S, Büttgenbach S, Mínguez S, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Hybrid electronic tongue based on optical and electrochemical microsensors for quality control of wine. Analyst 2010; 135:1718-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Abramova N, Bratov A. Photocurable polymers for ion selective field effect transistors. 20 years of applications. SENSORS 2009; 9:7097-110. [PMID: 22399988 PMCID: PMC3290497 DOI: 10.3390/s90907097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Application of photocurable polymers for encapsulation of ion selective field effect transistors (ISFET) and for membrane formation in chemical sensitive field effect transistors (ChemFET) during the last 20 years is discussed. From a technological point of view these materials are quite interesting because they allow the use of standard photo-lithographic processes, which reduces significantly the time required for sensor encapsulation and membrane deposition and the amount of manual work required for this, all items of importance for sensor mass production. Problems associated with the application of this kind of polymers in sensors are analysed and estimation of future trends in this field of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Abramova
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail:
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Ipatov A, Moreno L, Abramova N, Bratov A, Vlasov Y, Dominges K. “Electronic tongue” integrated sensor system based on an array of ion-selective field-effect transistors for multicomponent analysis of liquid media. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427209080126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Moreno i Codinachs L, Kloock JP, Schöning MJ, Baldi A, Ipatov A, Bratov A, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Electronic integrated multisensor tongue applied to grape juice and wine analysis. Analyst 2008; 133:1440-8. [PMID: 18810293 DOI: 10.1039/b801228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated multisensor composed by six ISFET devices selective to common ions and heavy metals combined with a flow injection analysis (FIA) system has been applied as an electronic tongue to grape juice and wine sample analysis. The data obtained for several grape and wine variety samples analysis have been treated using multiparametric tools like principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modelling class analogy technique (SIMCA) for the patterning recognition and classification of samples and partial least squares (PLS) regression for quantification of several parameters of interest in wine production. The results obtained have demonstrated the potential of using those multisensors as electronic tongues not only for distinguishing the samples according to the grape variety and the vintage year but also for quantitative prediction of several sample parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Moreno i Codinachs
- Chemical Transducers Group (GTQ), Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, CNM-IMB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Messerli MA, Kurtz I, Smith PJS. Characterization of optimized Na+ and Cl− liquid membranes for use with extracellular, self-referencing microelectrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1355-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Synthesis and Anion Recognition of Cholic Acid-based Tripodal Receptor: A Chloride Selective Anion Receptor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.5.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Determination of Atropine in Injection with β-Cyclodextrin Modified Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor Sensor. SENSORS 2005. [DOI: 10.3390/s5120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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