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Fatemeh Farjami, Fasihi F, Valibeigi M, Moradi SE. Determination of Amitriptyline on a Carbon Nanocomposite Ionic Liquid Electrode. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820070084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Djebbi MA, Boubakri S, Braiek M, Jaffrezic‐Renault N, Namour P, Amara ABH. Chlorpromazine Electro‐oxidation at BDD Electrode Modified with nZVI Nanoparticles Impregnated NiAl LDH. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Djebbi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux Lamellaires et Nanomatériaux Hybrides, Université de CarthageFaculté des Sciences de Bizerte 7021 Zarzouna Tunisie
- Irstea, UR RiverLyCentre de Lyon-Villeurbanne 5 rue de la Doua CS 20244 69625 Villeurbanne France
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR CNRS 5280Université de Lyon 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Saber Boubakri
- Laboratoire Matériaux, Traitement et Analyse, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimiqueBiotechPole Sidi-Thabet 2020 Ariana Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Braiek
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR CNRS 5280Université de Lyon 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic‐Renault
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR CNRS 5280Université de Lyon 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Philippe Namour
- Irstea, UR RiverLyCentre de Lyon-Villeurbanne 5 rue de la Doua CS 20244 69625 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux Lamellaires et Nanomatériaux Hybrides, Université de CarthageFaculté des Sciences de Bizerte 7021 Zarzouna Tunisie
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3
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Manousi N, Samanidou VF. Recent Advances in the HPLC Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Bio-Samples. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:24-38. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190617150518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
:
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are a group of the main category of antidepressant drugs,
which are commonly prescribed to treat major depressive disorder. Determination of TCA drugs is
very important for clinical and forensic toxicology, especially for therapeutic drug monitoring in various
biofluids. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a well-established technique for
this purpose. A lot of progress has been made in this field since the past 10 years. Novel extraction
techniques, and novel materials for sample preparation, novel columns and novel applications of analysis
of various biofluids for the determination of TCAs in combination with other drugs are some typical
examples. Moreover, advances have been performed in terms of Green Analytical Chemistry principles.
Herein, we aim to discuss the developed HPLC methods that were reported in the literature for
the time span of 2008-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria F. Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abdul Keyon AS, Miskam M, Ishak NS, Mahat NA, Mohamed Huri MA, Abdul Wahab R, Chandren S, Abdul Razak FI, Ng NT, Ali TG. Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of antidepressant drugs: A review. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:906-924. [PMID: 30605233 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder that may lead to major mental health problems, and antidepressant drugs have been used as a treatment of choice to mitigate symptoms of major depressive disorders by ameliorating the chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in brain. Since abusing antidepressant drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant drugs can cause severe adverse effects, continuous toxicological monitoring of the parent compounds as well as their metabolites using numerous analytical methods appears pertinent. Among them, capillary electrophoresis has been popularly utilized since the method has a lot of advantages viz. using small amounts of sample and solvents, ease of operation, and rapid analysis. This review paper brings a survey of more than 30 papers on capillary electrophoresis of antidepressant drugs published approximately from 1999 until 2018. It focuses on the reported capillary electrophoresis techniques and their applications and challenges for determining antidepressant drugs and their metabolites. It is organized according to the commonly used capillary zone electrophoresis method, followed by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, with details on breakthrough findings. Where available, information is given about the background electrolyte used, detector utilized, and sensitivity obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Syazwani Ishak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Afiq Mohamed Huri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sheela Chandren
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nyuk-Ting Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Timothy Gandu Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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5
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Rosado T, Oppolzer D, Cruz B, Barroso M, Varela S, Oliveira V, Leitão C, Gallardo E. Development and validation of a gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantitation of several antipsychotics in human plasma and oral fluid. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:2081-2095. [PMID: 29448305 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Antipsychotic drugs are prescription medications used to treat psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic depression. With several antipsychotic drugs currently available all over the world, this class of drugs has quickly gained importance in both the clinical and forensic context. This work describes the development and validation of a methodology for the determination of seven antipsychotic drugs in plasma and oral fluid samples. METHODS The antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, cyamemazine and, levomepromazine) were isolated from 0.2 mL of oral fluid and 0.5 mL of plasma using solid-phase extraction (SPE) following analysis by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The method was validated according to the international guidelines in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. RESULTS The procedure was linear within 2-600 ng/mL (plasma) and 2-400 ng/mL (oral fluid), the intervals varying according to the compound; a mean R2 value of 0.99 was obtained and the calibrator's accuracy (mean relative error) was within a ±15 % interval for all concentrations. The limits of detection ranged from 1 to 10 ng/mL. Within- and between-run precision and accuracy were acceptable for all studied compounds. The extraction efficiency of the process ranged from 79% to 95%. The method was applied to authentic specimens. CONCLUSIONS The described method was proven selective and sensitive for the determination of antipsychotics in low sample volumes using SPE and GC/MS/MS. This method was considered suitable not only for routine analysis of patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment (to evaluate compliance), but also in forensic scenarios where the studied compounds may be involved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that reports the determination of antipsychotic drugs in oral fluid using MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - David Oppolzer
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Belinda Cruz
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Samira Varela
- Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, E.P.E, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Victor Oliveira
- Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, E.P.E, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Leitão
- Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, E.P.E, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Patel NP, Sanyal M, Sharma N, Patel DS, Shrivastav PS, Patel BN. Highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method to estimate doxepin and its metabolite nordoxepin in human plasma for a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:378-385. [PMID: 30595944 PMCID: PMC6308917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective, sensitive and rugged liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay has been developed for the simultaneous determination of doxepin (Dox) and its pharmacologically active metabolite, nordoxepin (NDox) in human plasma. The analytes and their internal standards (IS) were extracted from 500 µL of human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypurity C8 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (95:5, v/v) and 2.0 mM ammonium formate in 93:7 (v/v) ratio. Detection was accomplished by tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions studied for Dox, NDox, and their corresponding ISs, propranolol and desipramine, were m/z 280.1→107.0, 266.0 →107.0, 260.1→116.1 and 267.1→72.1, respectively. A linear dynamic range of 15.0-3900 pg/mL for Dox and 5.00-1300 pg/mL for NDox was established with mean correlation coefficient (r 2) of 0.9991 and 0.9993, respectively. The extraction recovery ranged from 86.6%-90.4% and 88.0%-99.1% for Dox and NDox, respectively. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (% CV) across quality control levels was ≤ 8.3% for both the analytes. Stability evaluated under different storage conditions showed no evidence of degradation and the % change in stability samples compared to nominal concentration ranged from 4.7% to 12.3%. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 6 mg doxepin hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablet in 41 healthy Indian subjects under fasting and fed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav P. Patel
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Cliantha Research India Ltd., Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
- Kadi Sarva Viswavidyalaya, Sector-15, Ghandhinagar 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Kadi Sarva Viswavidyalaya, Sector-15, Ghandhinagar 382715, Gujarat, India
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Cliantha Research India Ltd., Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh S. Patel
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Cliantha Research India Ltd., Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Pranav S. Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavin N. Patel
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Cliantha Research India Ltd., Bodakdev, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
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Tseng WB, Hsieh MM, Chiu TC, Yu PL, Chen SH. Enantioseparation of phenothiazines through capillary electrophoresis with solid phase extraction and polymer based stacking. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1171-1179. [PMID: 29976409 PMCID: PMC9303030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed a sensitive method involving capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with ultraviolet absorption for the simultaneous separation of chiral phenothiazine drugs at nanomolar concentration levels. The method consists of hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (Hp-γ-CD) as a chiral selector and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDAC)-based CE. Five pairs of d,l-phenothiazines were baseline separated using a background electrolyte containing 0.9% PDDAC, 5 mM Hp-γ-CD, and 100 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)-formate (pH 3.0). The five pairs were successfully stacked on the basis of the difference in viscosity between the PDDAC-containing background electrolyte and the sample solution, with almost no loss of resolution. The combination of a solid-phase extraction and PDDAC-mediated CE can efficiently improve the sensitivity of the phenothiazine enantiomers. Under optimal conditions, calibration graphs displayed the linear range between 6 and 1500 nM, with relative standard deviation values lower than 3.5% (n = 5). Detection limit ranged from 2.1 to 6.3 nM for target analytes, and 607- to 1555-fold enhancement was achieved. The practicality of using the proposed method to determine five pairs of d,l-phenothiazines in urine is also validated, in which recoveries between recoveries of all phenothiazines from urine ranged from 89% to 101%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Tseng
- Department of College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, China
| | - Ming-Mu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
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Slepchenko GB, Gindullina TM, Nekhoroshev SV. Capabilities of the electrochemical methods in the determination of narcotic and psychotropic drugs in forensic chemistry materials. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Logarinho F, Rosado T, Lourenço C, Barroso M, Araujo ARTS, Gallardo E. Determination of antipsychotic drugs in hospital and wastewater treatment plant samples by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1038:S1570-0232(16)31112-6. [PMID: 28029546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development and performance evaluation of a method for the simultaneous determination of six antipsychotic drugs in hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) samples are herein presented. The method involves an off-line mixed mode (reversed-phase and strong cation exchange) solid phase extraction (SPE) with gas chromatography (GC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The present methodology was validated following internationally accepted criteria, and the studied parameters included selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LLOQ), instrumental limits, precision and accuracy, stability and recovery. The procedure was linear for concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10μg/L (0.02 to 2μg/L for haloperidol), with determination coefficients higher than 0.99 for all analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision was lower than 15% for all analytes at the studied concentrations, while accuracy remained between a ±15% interval. Recoveries ranged from 31% to 83%. Low LODs were achieved, between 2 and 10ng/L, allowing a reliable identification of all analytes at trace levels, using only 50mL as sample volume. All studied parameters complied with the defined criteria and the method was successfully applied to gather preliminary results of the determination of antipsychotics on hospital effluents and on influent and effluent of WWTPs, opening perspectives for the study of their fate in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Logarinho
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C Lourenço
- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (IPG), Escola Superior de Saúde, Guarda, Portugal
| | - M Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses-Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A R T S Araujo
- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (IPG), Escola Superior de Saúde, Guarda, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do IPG (UDI/IPG), Guarda, Portugal
| | - E Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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10
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Rahman N, Khan S. Amitriptyline-molybdovanadate/-molybdotungstate based ion-selective membrane electrodes for determination of amitriptyline in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Determination of some psychotropic drugs in serum and saliva samples by HPLC-DAD and HPLC MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Wróblewski K, Petruczynik A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Determination of some psychotropic drugs in human plasma by HPTLC. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Yamini Y, Faraji M. Extraction and determination of trace amounts of chlorpromazine in biological fluids using magnetic solid phase extraction followed by HPLC. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:279-285. [PMID: 29403891 PMCID: PMC5761214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive method termed as magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) has been proposed for the determination of trace amounts of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in water, urine and plasma samples. The separation and determination was performed on a C18 column under the optimal chromatographic conditions. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency of CPZ, such as pH, surfactant and adsorbent amounts, ionic strength, extraction time, sample volume and desorption conditions, were studied and optimized. Under the optimal MSPE conditions, the extraction percentage of CPZ was 74%, 27% and 16% in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) of the proposed approach were 0.1, 5.0 and 10 ng/mL in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) based on five replicate determinations at 10 ng/mL level of CPZ was 1.2%. Good linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges (0.25-300 ng/mL) with good coefficient of determination, R2>0.9998, were obtained. Good spike recoveries with relative errors less than 9.0% were obtained when applying the proposed method to water, urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faraji
- Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Department of Food Science & Technology, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, P.O. Box 31745-139, Iran
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14
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Analysis of perphenazine and fluphenazine by capillary electrophoresis coupled with tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) electrochemiluminescence detection. Talanta 2014; 118:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Del Bubba M, Pinzauti S. Quality by Design approach in the development of a solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method: finding the design space for the determination of amitriptyline and its impurities. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:113-24. [PMID: 24176512 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was set up for the simultaneous determination of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AMI) and its main impurities. The method was developed following Quality by Design (QbD) principles according to ICH Guideline Q8(R2). QbD approach made it possible to find the design space (DS), where quality was assured. After a scouting phase, aimed at selecting a suitable capillary electrophoresis pseudostationary phase, risk assessment tools were employed to define the critical process parameters (CPPs) to be considered in a screening phase (applied voltage, concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, concentration of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, of the cosurfactant n-butanol and of the organic modifiers acetonitrile and urea). The effects of the seven selected CPPs on critical quality attributes (CQAs), namely resolution values between critical peak pairs and analysis time, were investigated throughout the knowledge space by means of a symmetric screening matrix. Response surface study was then carried out on four selected CPPs by applying a Doehlert Design. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to estimate the probability of meeting the desired specifications on CQAs, and thus to define the DS by means of a risk of failure map. Additional points at the edges of the DS were tested in order to verify the requirements for CQAs to be fulfilled. A control strategy was implemented by defining system suitability tests. The developed method was validated following ICH Guideline Q2(R1), including robustness assessment by Plackett-Burman design, and was applied to the analysis of real samples of amitriptyline coated tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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16
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Tang X, Zhao D, He J, Li F, Peng J, Zhang M. Quenching of the Electrochemiluminescence of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)/Tri-n-propylamine by Pristine Carbon Nanotube and Its Application to Quantitative Detection of DNA. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1711-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303025y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao He
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Fengwang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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17
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Determination of seven selected antipsychotic drugs in human plasma using microextraction in packed sorbent and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3953-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Halaburda P, Mateo JG. Chemiluminometric determination of phenothiazines by means of a combined multi-commutated/multi-pumped flow assembly. Talanta 2012; 96:202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Dziomba S, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Micelle to solvent stacking of tricyclic psychiatric drugs in capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 62:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Analytical applications of the electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) coupled to capillary/microchip electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Guerreiro JRL, Sales MGF. Disposable solid state probe for optical screening of chlorpromazine. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Chen ML, Suo LL, Gao Q, Feng YQ. Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid-phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2099-106. [PMID: 21766481 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/poly(MAA-co-EDMA)) magnetic microspheres, a rapid and high-throughput magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (MSPE-CZE) method was developed for the determination of illegal drugs (ketamine, amphetamines, opiates, and metabolites). The MSPE of target analytes could be completed within 2 min, and the eight target analytes could be baseline separated within 15 min by CZE with 30 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 2.0) containing 15% v/v ACN as background electrolyte. Furthermore, hydrodynamic injection with field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was employed to enhance the sensitivity of this MSPE-CZE method. Under such optimal conditions, the limits of detection for the eight target analytes ranged from 0.015 to 0.105 μg/mL. The application feasibility of MSPE-CZE in illegal drugs monitoring was demonstrated by analyzing urine samples, and the recoveries of target drugs for the spiked sample ranging from 85.4 to 110.1%. The method reproducibility was tested by evaluating the intra- and interday precisions, and relative standard deviations of <10.3 and 12.4%, respectively, were obtained. To increase throughput of the analysis, a home-made MSPE array that has potential application to the treatment of 96 samples simultaneously was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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23
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Biomimetic sensors of molecularly-imprinted polymers for chlorpromazine determination. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Maślanka A, Krzek J, Żuromska B, Stolarczyk M. Identification and determination of compounds belonging to the group of OUN pharmaceutical agents by thin-layer chromatography with densitometric detection in biological material. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.23.2011.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Wei W, Wei M, Cai Z, Liu S. Determination of Spectinomycin in Human Urine Using CE Coupled with Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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DENG B, YIN H, LIU Y, NING X. Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochlorid in Human Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Electrochemiluminescence. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:55-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Bio-sample preparation and analytical methods for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:97-118. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended and comprehensive review is presented herein, focusing on sample preparation (pretreatment and extraction) and different analytical methods applied for the quantification of tricyclic antidepressants. These procedures are relevant tools in clinical and forensic toxicology. It is revealed that SPE, for sample preparation, and HPLC, using reversed-phase alkyl (C18) or cyanopropyl-bonded silica columns for the analytes separation, are effective and versatile methods for assay of tricyclic antidepressants. These methods enable achievable detection limits using UV/diode array detection, readily available in most laboratories, down to 1–8 ng ml-1, and using electron capture detection better than 1 ng ml-1, which is lower than that for nitrogen–phosphorus detector. MS interfaced with electrospray ionization offered similar sensitivity, whilst sonic spray ionization provided detection down to 0.03 ng ml-1. A brief discussion on chemical structures, metabolism and mechanism of action of this group of drugs is also presented.
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28
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Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection: fundamental theory, apparatus, and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3323-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Bazhdanzadeh S, Talebpour Z, Adib N, Aboul-Enein HY. A simple and reliable stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid chromatography procedure for the determination of chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine in human serum using experimental design methodology. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:90-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Gupta M, Jain A, Verma KK. Determination of amoxapine and nortriptyline in blood plasma and serum by salt-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3774-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Rapid ultraviolet monitoring of multiple psychotropic drugs with a renewable microfluidic device. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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32
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Xu XL, Huang F, Zhou GL, Zhang S, Kong JL. A novel electrochemical sensor for probing doxepin created on a glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(4-amino- benzoic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film. SENSORS 2010; 10:8398-410. [PMID: 22163661 PMCID: PMC3231211 DOI: 10.3390/s100908398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of doxepin was prepared, which was based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(4-aminobenzoic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film [poly(4-ABA)/MWNTs/GCE]. The sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. It was observed that poly(4-ABA)/MWNTs/GCE showed excellent preconcentration function and electrocatalytic activities towards doxepin. Under the selected conditions, the anodic peak current was linear to the logarithm of doxepin concentration in the range from 1.0 × 10−9 to 1.0 × 10−6 M, and the detection limit obtained was 1.0 × 10−10 M. The poly(4-ABA)/MWNTs/GCE was successfully applied in the measurement of doxepin in commercial pharmaceutical formulations, and the analytical accuracy was confirmed by comparison with a conventional ultraviolet spectrophotometry assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Zhang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (J.-L.K.); Tel.: +86-21-6564-2405; Fax: +86-21-6564-1740
| | - Ji-Lie Kong
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (J.-L.K.); Tel.: +86-21-6564-2405; Fax: +86-21-6564-1740
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33
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Velasco AI. Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1998-2027. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Guo L, Yang H, Qiu B, Xiao X, Xue L, Kim D, Chen G. Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescent detection for highly sensitive assay of genetically modified organisms. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9578-84. [PMID: 19902925 DOI: 10.1021/ac901510s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescent detection system (CE-ECL) was developed for the detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons. The ECL luminophore, tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) (Ru(phen)(3)(2+)), was labeled to the PCR primers before amplification. Ru(phen)(3)(2+) was then introduced to PCR amplicons by PCR amplification. Eventually, the PCR amplicons were separated and detected by the homemade CE-ECL system. The detection of a typical genetically modified organism (GMO), Roundup Ready Soy (RRS), was shown as an example to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach. Four pairs of primers were amplified by multiple PCR (MPCR) simultaneously, three of which were targeted on the specific sequence of exogenous genes of RRS, and another was targeted on the endogenous reference gene of soybean. Both the conditions for PCR amplification and CE-ECL separation and detection were investigated in detail. Results showed that, under the optimal conditions, the proposed method can accurately identifying RRS. The corresponding limit of detection (LOD) was below 0.01% with 35 PCR cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Guo
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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35
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Rahman N, Siddiqui S, Azmi SNH. Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of doxepin hydrochloride in commercial dosage forms. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1381-7. [PMID: 19936937 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of doxepin hydrochloride in commercial dosage forms. The method is based on the fluorescent ion pair complex formation of the drug with eosin Y in the presence of sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution of pH 4.52 which is extractable in dichloromethane. The extracted complex showed fluorescence intensity at lambdaem=567 nm after excitation at 464 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the working range of 0.1-0.8 microg ml(-1). Under the optimized experimental conditions, present method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The limit of detection for the developed method is 2.95 ng ml(-1). The method has been successfully applied to the determination of doxepin hydrochloride in commercial dosage forms. The results are compared with the reference spectrofluorimetric method.
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36
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Simultaneous determination of atropine, anisodamine, and scopolamine in plant extract by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence and electrochemistry dual detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:171-4. [PMID: 19931863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method was demonstrated for the analysis of atropine, anisodamine, and scopolamine by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemistry (EC) dual detection. The mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and 2-propanol containing 1M acetic acid (HAc), 20mM sodium acetate (NaAc), and 2.5mM tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) was used as the electrophoretic buffer. Although a short capillary of 18cm was used, the decoupler was not needed and the separation efficiency was good. The linear ranges of atropine, anisodamine, and scopolamine were 0.5-50, 5-2000, and 50-2000microM, respectively. For six replicate measurements of 100microM scopolamine, 15microM atropine, and 200microM anisodamine, the RSDs of ECL intensity, EC current, and migration time were less than 3.6%, 4.5%, and 0.3%, respectively. In addition, because the organic buffer was used, the working electrode (Pt) was not easily fouled and did not need reactivation. The method was also applied for the determination of these three alkaloids in Flos daturae extract.
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37
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Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin mesylate in human urine using capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2585-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Sun S, Tang∗ Y, Fu Q, Chen J, Zhang G. Determination of Three Imidazole Derivatives by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Tsunoda M. Chemiluminescence detection with separation techniques for bioanalytical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-009-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Fu Z, Wang L, Wang Y. Capillary electrophoresis–electrochemiluminescent detection of N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine and its application in impurity profiling and stability investigation of meclophenoxate. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:220-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Bertoncello P, Forster RJ. Nanostructured materials for electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based detection methods: recent advances and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3191-200. [PMID: 19318243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a general picture of the last advances and developments (2003-2008) related to novel nanostructured materials for electrochemiluminescence-based biosensors using. It briefly covers the basic mechanisms of ECL detection, and the recent developments in fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors using nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, thin films of metallopolymers and of inorganic metal complexes. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the use of such materials for biomedical diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bertoncello
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform Ireland, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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42
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A novel technique for NACE coupled with simultaneous electrochemiluminescence and electrochemical detection for fast analysis of tertiary amines. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:479-86. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Sun J, Xu X, Wang C, You T. Analysis of amphetamines in urine with liquid-liquid extraction by capillary electrophoresis with simultaneous electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3999-4007. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Zhang G, Jr AVT, Bartlett MG. Bioanalytical methods for the determination of antipsychotic drugs. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:671-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Madej K, Kościelniak P. Review of Analytical Methods for Identification and Determination of PHEs and Tricyclic Antidepressants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701804343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Sun H, Li L, Su M. Simultaneous Determination of Lidocaine, Proline and Lomefloxacin in Human Urine by CE with Electrochemiluminescence Detection. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Sobhi HR, Yamini Y, Abadi RHHB. Extraction and determination of trace amounts of chlorpromazine in biological fluids using hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:769-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Deng B, Kang Y, Li X, Xu Q. Determination of josamycin in rat plasma by capillary electrophoresis coupled with post-column electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Samanidou VF, Nika MK, Papadoyannis IN. Development of an HPLC method for the monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants in biofluids. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2391-400. [PMID: 17625794 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of four tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): amitriptyline, doxepin, clomipramine (CLO) and imipramine, in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. A Kromasil C(8 )analytical column (250 x 4 mm, 5 microm) was used for the separation, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M CH(3)COONH(4) and CH(3)CN (45:55 v/v) delivered at 1.5 mL/min isocratically. Quantification was performed at 238 nm, with bromazepam (1.5 ng/microL) as the internal standard. The determination of TCAs in blood plasma was performed after protein precipitation. Urine analysis was performed by means of SPE using Lichrolut RP-18 Merck cartridges providing high absolute recoveries (> 94%). Direct analysis of urine was also performed after two-fold dilution. The developed method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 5) and between-day precision (n = 5) revealed RSD <13%. Recoveries from biological samples ranged from 91.0 to 114.0%. The absolute detection limit of the method was calculated as 0.1-0.6 ng in blood plasma and 0.2-0.5 ng in extracted urine or 0.4-0.7 in diluted urine. The method was applied to real samples of plasma from a patient under CLO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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50
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Han H, Sheng Z, Liang J. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence from thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots and its sensing application in aqueous solution. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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