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HASAN E, ALI S, ZİA A, BEGUM S, KHAN ST, BUKHARİ S. Synthesis of Imino Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanosensor for Selective Detection of Lead Ions. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1097197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the successful preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles (NSB1) stabilized with 4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid. The characterization has been achieved through ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron dispersive X-ray elemental analysis (EDX). These magnetic nanoparticles have exhibited significant chemosensing properties in the aqueous media to screen Cr3+, Cd2+, Li+, Co2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Sr2+ ions. However, lead (Pb2+) ions have shown the highest selectivity as compared to other metal ions without any interference in the competitive ion study. The detection limit of Pb2+ ions was found to be 1.7 µM by this nanosensor. The binding ratio and stoichiometry was found to be 1:1 as measured by Job’s plot. The binding strength was also computed through Benesei-Hildebrand equation.
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Cheraghi S, Shalali F, Taher MA. Kojic acid exploring as an essential food additive in real sample by a nanostructure sensor amplified with ionic liquid. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Preparation and evaluation of ascorbyl glucoside and ascorbic acid solid in oil nanodispersions for corneal epithelial wound healing. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122227. [PMID: 36155791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an effective topical formulation to promote corneal epithelial wound healing. Ascorbyl glucoside (AA-2G), a stable prodrug of AA, was formulated in solid in oil (S/O) nanodispersions by emulsifying AA-2G solutions in cyclohexane using Span 85 as an emulsifying agent and freeze-drying emulsions to produce AA-2G - surfactant complex. The complexes were then dispersed in castor oil to produce S/O nanodispersions which were evaluated in terms of their particle size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, physical stability as well as the transcorneal permeation and accumulation of AA-2G. The same preparation procedure was used to prepare S/O nanodispersions of AA. S/O nanodispersions of AA and AA-2G were formulated into oily drops that were tested for efficacy in promoting wound healing after corneal epithelial depredation. AA-2G was loaded efficiently in S/O nanodispersions (EE > 99%) in the form of spherical nanoparticles. S/O nanodispersions were physically stable and resulted in improved permeation (18x) and accumulation (7x) of AA-2G in transcorneal diffusion experiments in comparison to AA-2G solutions. Oily eye drops of AA-2G and AA showed no irritation and significant improvement in epithelial healing in vivo in comparison to AA-2G and AA solutions.
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Melo-Guímaro S, Cardoso R, João CP, Santos J, Melro E, Arnaut LG, Pereira JC, Serpa C. Efficient dermal delivery of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside with photoacoustic waves. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:453-463. [PMID: 35670051 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ascorbic acid (i.e., vitamin C) is an important antioxidant present in skin. The protective role of vitamin C against photoaging motivated numerous attempts to promote its topical delivery, with a success limited by its chemical instability and poor skin permeability. Vitamin C precursors, such as ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), that are metabolized to vitamin C by enzymes present in the skin, solve the problem of stability but are limited by low skin permeability. We developed a 2% (w/v) gel formulation of AA2G application (viscosity 4.30 × 104 Pa.s, pH 5.94) and compared its passive dermal delivery with the delivery promoted by photoacoustic waves that transiently perturb the skin barrier. METHODS Photoacoustic (PA) waves were generated by laser pulses absorbed by piezophotonic (light-to-pressure) transducers. Pig skin samples were exposed to the 2% AA2G formulation alone or combined with 5 minutes of PA waves. One hour later, AA2G was extracted from the skin and quantified by reverse-phase HPLC. AA2G transdermal fluxes using Franz cells with 760 μm thick pig skin samples were also measured. RESULTS PA waves transiently enhanced skin permeability and increased dermal delivery of AA2G. AA2G was released from the formulation nearly quantitatively (92.6 ± 6.2%) in 24 hours, showing a non-Fickian behaviour controlled by diffusion and swelling. AA2G dermal delivery with exposure for 5 minutes to PA waves was compared with passive delivery to pig skin. PA waves increased the delivery of AA2G to the skin by a factor of 15 fold with respect to passive delivery, as measured from skin extracts after 1 hour of contact of the formulation with the skin. CONCLUSION 5 minutes of exposure to PA waves is a safe and effective method to deliver large quantities of AA2G to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melo-Guímaro
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Cardoso
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celso Paiva João
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Santos
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elodie Melro
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Costa Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
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Wang D, Yang Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lin T, Chen X, Liu H. Molecular Simulation-Aided Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings for Kojic Acid Detection in Wheat Starch and Flour Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Luo Z, Yu S, Zeng W, Zhou J. Comparative analysis of the chemical and biochemical synthesis of keto acids. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107706. [PMID: 33548455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Keto acids are essential organic acids that are widely applied in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, beverages, and feed additives as well as chemical synthesis. Currently, most keto acids on the market are prepared via chemical synthesis. The biochemical synthesis of keto acids has been discovered with the development of metabolic engineering and applied toward the production of specific keto acids from renewable carbohydrates using different metabolic engineering strategies in microbes. In this review, we provide a systematic summary of the types and applications of keto acids, and then summarize and compare the chemical and biochemical synthesis routes used for the production of typical keto acids, including pyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, α-oxobutanoic acid, acetoacetic acid, ketoglutaric acid, levulinic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, α-ketoisovaleric acid, α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyric acid, α-ketoisocaproic acid, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, 5-keto-D-gluconic acid, and phenylpyruvic acid. We also describe the current challenges for the industrial-scale production of keto acids and further strategies used to accelerate the green production of keto acids via biochemical routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Wang LH. Determination of Nicotinic Acid and Metabolites in Urine, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceuticals by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Novel Electrochemical Detection. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Chen RX, Wang L, Wang J, Xu FQ. Determination of Whiteners in Cosmetics by Microdialysis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1022825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jeon JS, Lee MJ, Yoon MH, Park JA, Yi H, Cho HJ, Shin HC. Determination of Arbutin, Niacinamide, and Adenosine in Functional Cosmetic Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.883517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, Carvalho ASC, Santos AS, do Nascimento JLM, Silva EO. A novel function for kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus fungi, as antileishmanial agent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91259. [PMID: 24621481 PMCID: PMC3951352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid (KA) is a fungal metabolite used as a topical treatment skin-whitening cosmetic agent for melasma in humans; however its potential as an anti-leishmanial agent is unknown. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for Leishmaniasis. However, the drugs available are expensive, invasive, require long-term treatment and have severe side effects. Thus, the development of new effective leishmanicidal agents is a necessity. In this study we investigated the anti-leishmanial effect of KA on L. amazonensis, following in vitro and in vivo infections. KA (50 μg/mL) was found to decrease the growth by 62% (IC50 34 μg/mL) and 79% (IC50 27.84 μg/mL) of promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis of KA-treated amastigotes showed the presence of vesicles bodies into the flagellar pocket, and an intense intracellular vacuolization and swelling of the mitochondrion. During the in vitro interaction of parasites and the host cell, KA reverses the superoxide anions (O2-) inhibitory mechanism promoted by parasite. In addition, 4 weeks after KA-topical formulation treatment of infected animals, a healing process was observed with a high production of collagen fibers and a decrease in parasite burden. Thus, these results demonstrated the great potential of KA as an anti-leishmanial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula D. Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique S. Farias
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sérgio C. Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alberdan S. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Laboratório de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Molecular do Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Luiz M. do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edilene O. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Pan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li G. Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Study on the Electrochemical Properties of Kojic Acid at a Poly(glutamic Acid)-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Analytical Application. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Muszalska I, Kiaszewicz K, Ksoń D, Sobczak A. Determination of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in cosmetic products using differential spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography (HPLC). JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jin W, Wang WY, Zhang YL, Yang YJ, Chu QC, Ye JN. Determination of phenolic whitening agents in cosmetics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with amperometric detection. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Sensitive and Efficient Electrochemical Determination of Kojic Acid in Foodstuffs Based on Graphene-Pt Nanocomposite-Modified Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stability studies of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in cosmetic lotion using surface response methodology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1583-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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[Determination of kojic acid in foods using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2012; 30:578-83. [PMID: 23016291 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification method for the determination of kojic acid in foods using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. For solid samples, the kojic acid was extracted with acetonitrile; for liquid samples, they were diluted with water, then deproteinized by the deposition with zinc acetate and potassium ferrocyanide. The analytes were determined by HPLC-MS/MS on a C18 column with 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate/formic acid solution as mobile phases. The analysis of kojic acid was performed under selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode by selecting one parent ion and two daughter ions as qualitative ions with [13C6]-kojic acid as the internal standard, and the most abundant daughter ion as quantitative ion. The limits of quantification (S/N > 10) were 0.1 mg/kg for the solid samples, and 2.5 mg/kg for the liquid samples. The good linearity (r > 0.99) was achieved for the target compound over the range of 0.1 - 2.0 mg/L. The recoveries at three levels for kojic acid were from 72.6% to 114% with the relative standard deviations no more than 11.4%. The method is simple and practical, and can be applied to most of matrices which may contain kojic acid as food additives. It can meet the qualitative and quantitative requirements for import and export foods.
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Preparation of water powders by the adsorption of hydrophobic nanoparticles at the surface of hydrated starch particulates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Wu J. Electrocatalytic oxidation of kojic acid at a reduced graphene sheet modified glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cellular fusion and whitening effect of a chitosan derivative coated liposome. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 90:169-76. [PMID: 22056083 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a derivative of chitosan, N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), was coated onto the liposomes made of cholesterol and 1,2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). These coated liposomes were loaded with kojic acid for skin whitening. The appearance of liposome was examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the coating of HTCC to the liposome was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. By labeling with Dil, the fusion of liposome with the cell membrane of L929 fibroblast and B16-F10 melanoma was improved by the coating of HTCC. Based on the results of Franz cell experiment, the penetration of kojic acid (KA) through skin was improved by using HTCC-coating liposomes. Furthermore, the cell proliferation of L929 was not affected by HTCC-coating liposomes, while that of B16-F10 was reduced slightly with the increase of the concentration of HTCC-loading liposome. The degree of skin whitening was determined based on the melanin content in B-16-F10 cells. The results showed that the level of melanin synthesis was lower when KA was delivered using HTCC-coating liposome instead of traditional liposome.
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Wang Y, Tang J, Luo X, Hu X, Yang C, Xu Q. Development of a sensitive and selective kojic acid sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer modified electrode in the lab-on-valve system. Talanta 2011; 85:2522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus sp., acts as an inducer of macrophage activation. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:335-43. [PMID: 21044044 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
KA (kojic acid) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus fungi that has demonstrated skin whitening, antioxidant and antitumour properties among others. However, limited information is available regarding its effects on macrophages, the major cell involved in cell defence. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether KA affects functional properties related to macrophage activation, such as phagocytosis and spreading ability over a substrate. Treatment of resident macrophages with 50 μg/ml KA for 1 h induced both morphological and physiological alterations in cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed enhanced cell spreading and an increase in cell surface exposure, associated with a rearrangement of microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments. KA also potentiated phagocytosis by macrophages, as demonstrated by the increase in phagocytic activity towards yeast, when compared to untreated cells. KA increased the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), but not NO (nitric oxide) production. Three tests were used to assess cell viability; MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], NR (neutral red) uptake and PI (propidium iodide) exclusion test, which showed that macrophages maintain their viability following KA treatment. Results indicate that KA can modulate macrophage activation through cytoskeleton rearrangement, increase cell surface exposure, enhance the phagocytic process and ROS production. The study demonstrates a new role for KA as a macrophage activator.
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Lee E, Kim B. Smart delivery system for cosmetic ingredients using pH-sensitive polymer hydrogel particles. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Final report of the safety assessment of Kojic acid as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2011; 29:244S-73. [PMID: 21164073 DOI: 10.1177/1091581810385956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kojic acid functions as an antioxidant in cosmetic products. Kojic acid was not a toxicant in acute, chronic, reproductive, and genotoxicity studies. While some animal data suggested tumor promotion and weak carcinogenicity, kojic acid is slowly absorbed into the circulation from human skin and likely would not reach the threshold at which these effects were seen. The available human sensitization data supported the safety of kojic acid at a use concentration of 2% in leave-on cosmetics. Kojic acid depigmented black guinea pig skin at a concentration of 4%, but this effect was not seen at 1%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded that the 2 end points of concern, dermal sensitization and skin lightening, would not be seen at use concentrations below 1%; therefore, this ingredient is safe for use in cosmetic products up to that level.
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Liu X, Han ZP, Wang YL, Gao Y, Zhang ZQ. Analysis of the interactions of multicomponents in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. with human serum albumin using on-line dialysis coupled with HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:599-604. [PMID: 21345748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of three iridoid glycosides extracted from Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (CIG) with protein were simultaneously explored by on-line dialysis sampling coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (DS-HPLC). Three main compounds in CIG were unequivocally identified as loganin, sweroside and cornuside by comparing their t(R), MS data and UV spectra with those of reference compounds. Dialysis recoveries and quantitative characteristics of DS-HPLC for three iridoid glycosides were determined. Recoveries of dialysis sampling ranged from 73.9 to 91.7% with the RSD below 3.0%. Based on the determination of concentrations before and after interaction with human serum albumin (HSA), the binding parameters of loganin, sweroside and cornuside with HSA were obtained and the binding mechanisms were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Wang YL, Yuan JF, Shang W, Zhang J, Zhang ZQ. Dialysis sampling on-line coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous investigation of the interactions between multi-components in herbs and the albumin. Analyst 2011; 136:823-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang Z, Yin Z, Chen F. A novel kojic acid amperometric sensor based on hollow CuO/Fe2O3 hybrid microspheres immobilized in chitosan matrix. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lin TH, Huang JW, Kumar PV, Jen JF. Determination of sinigrin in vegetable seeds by online microdialysis sampling coupled to reverse-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4571-4575. [PMID: 20329796 DOI: 10.1021/jf904208v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A hollow fiber microdialysis sampling coupled online to ion-pair liquid chromatography was investigated as an alternative to sample pretreatment for the direct determination of sinigrin in cruciferous vegetables without desulfation. After microdialysis, the dialysate was online injected into the chromatographic system to analyze the sinigrin with UV detection at 227 nm. Parameters affecting the microdialysis efficiency, such as flow rate, polarity modifier, pH in perfusion stream, pH, and salt added in sample solution, were studied. Through ion suppression in the donor phase and ion-pair formation in the acceptor phase, the microdialysis efficiency of sinigrin was enhanced. Experimental results revealed that the microdialysis of a sample solution (pH 2.0) using 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium (pH 12) as a perfusate at 10 microL/min flow rate maximized the extraction efficiency. Detection was linear in the concentration of 1.0-100 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.3 mg/L. Three seed samples were analyzed, with sinigrin at 49.8 (3.15% RSD), 20.0 (4.43% RSD), and 19.8 mg/g (4.22% RSD) for brussels, cauliflower, and cabbage, respectively. When 40 mg/g sinigrin was spiked in brussels seed powder, the recovery was 102.4% with 3.15% RSD (n = 3). The proposed method was proven to provide a very simple, rapid, and eco-friendly procedure to determine sinigrin in the seeds of cruciferous vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guihen E, O'Connor WT. Current separation and detection methods in microdialysis the drive towards sensitivity and speed. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2062-75. [PMID: 19582708 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines some of the analytical challenges associated with the analysis of microdialysis (MD) samples, in particular, the minute complex sample volumes that are often encountered. In MD sampling many different low-molecular-weight molecules can be collected, but the research findings are often limited by the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the analytical technique that is coupled to the dialysis probe. Therefore it is critical that a lot of consideration is given in selecting the most suitable analytical method including the most appropriate detector. This review aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of a range of commonly used analytical methods employed in MD. In Section 1, a brief overview of the MD technique is described, followed by a discussion on some of the advantages and drawbacks of this sampling technique. Sections 2 and 3 examine analytical and other technical considerations regarding analysis, with special emphasis on the factors that specifically influence analytical detection. Section 4 outlines the most commonly employed analytical techniques used in MD, including HPLC coupled with various detectors. Detail is given regarding the LOD and LOQ for many applications using each detector. As MS is of such high importance in MD, a special sub-section has been devoted to it. The importance of CE is also highlighted, with specific applications described. In addition, analytical techniques that do not appear to have found routine use in MD are discussed. Section 5 is concerned with recent innovations in chemical separation techniques, in particular MCE and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Specific applications of the coupling of these techniques with MD are highlighted, along with technical challenges associated with miniaturization. In the Section 6, the future outlook of MD is discussed. Techniques other than electrophoretic- and chromatographic based separation methods are outside the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Guihen
- Graduate Entry Medical School and Material Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Determination of kojic acid based on the interface enhancement effects of carbon nanotube/alizarin red S modified electrode. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 70:20-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Castro ML, Capote FP, Ávila NS. Is dialysis alive as a membrane-based separation technique? Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Balaguer A, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Environmentally friendly LC for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and its derivatives in skin-whitening cosmetics. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:229-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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