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Prajapati D, Bhandari P, Hickey N, Mukherjee PS. Water-Soluble Pd 6L 3 Molecular Bowl for Separation of Phenanthrene from a Mixture of Isomeric Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37263966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene is a high-value raw material in chemical industries. Separation of phenanthrene from isomeric anthracene continues to be a big challenge in the industry due to their very similar physical properties. Herein, we report the self-assembly of a water-soluble molecular bowl (TB) from a phenothiazine-based unsymmetrical terapyridyl ligand (L) and a cis-blocked 90° Pd(II) acceptor. TB featured an unusual bowl-like topology, with a wide rim diameter and a hydrophobic inner cavity fenced by the aromatic rings of the ligand. The above-mentioned features of TB allow it to bind polyaromatic hydrocarbons in its confined cavity. TB shows a higher affinity for phenanthrene over its isomer anthracene in water, which enables it to separate phenanthrene with ∼93% purity from an equimolar mixture of phenanthrene and anthracene. TB is also able to extract pyrene with around ∼90% purity from an equimolar mixture of coronene, perylene, and pyrene. Moreover, TB can be reused for several cycles without significant degradation in its performance as an extracting agent. This clean strategy of separation of phenanthrene and pyrene from a mixture of hydrophobic hydrocarbons by aqueous extraction is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmraj Prajapati
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Neal Hickey
- Center of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Wu D, Kan H, Zhang Y, Wang T, Qu G, Zhang P, Jia H, Sun H. Pyrene contaminated soil remediation using microwave/magnetite activated persulfate oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131787. [PMID: 34365168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important mutagen prevalent in the contaminated sites, bringing potential risks to human health. Iron oxides are important natural components in soils. Pyrene removal in soil using persulfate (PS) oxidation activated by microwave (MW) and magnetite (Fe3O4) was investigated. Fe3O4 significantly promoted pyrene removal in the soil; 91.7 % of pyrene was degraded within 45 min treatment. Pyrene removal rate in the Fe3O4/MW/PS system was 5.18 and 3.00 times higher than that in the Fe3O4/PS and MW/PS systems. Increasing in Fe3O4 dosage, PS concentration, MW temperature, and soil moisture content in the selected range were conducive for pyrene degradation. SO4•-, •OH, O2•-, and 1O2 were responsible for pyrene degradation, and the conversion of Fe (Ⅱ) in the Fe3O4 to Fe (Ⅲ) contributed to the formation of O2•- and 1O2. Characteristic bands of pyrene were more obviously destroyed by the Fe3O4/MW/PS oxidation, in comparison with MW/PS oxidation. Ring hydroxylation and ring-opening reactions were the main degradation pathways of pyrene. The toxicities of the formed byproducts were significantly reduced after treatment. This study provided a promising option for pyrene contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Hongshuai Kan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
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Temerdashev ZA, Musorina TN, Chervonnaya TA, Arutyunyan ZV. Possibilities and Limitations of Solid-Phase and Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Liao X, Gong Z, Li X, Jia C. Formation of fatty acid methyl ester based microemulsion and removal mechanism of PAHs from contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125460. [PMID: 33930972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsion (ME) is considered as a stable solution for adsorbing organic matters. Aiming to remediate PAH contaminated soils from industrial sites in Shijiazhuang (Soil CPS) and Beijing (Soil CSG) in China, novel MEs were designed with different ratios of mixed surfactants (Surf, TX-100+Tween 80), n-butanol and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Particle size, transmittance, surface intension, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy of the MEs were analyzed. PAH removals by solubilization experiments were studied and regeneration of waste ME was evaluated. Results showed the novel MEs were obtained with particle sizes in a range of 18.53-122.77 nm. The lowest surface intension of MEs was 26.53 mN/m, which was prone to PAHs transferring to MEs. ‒OH (3350 cm-1), ‒C˭C (1740 cm-1) and ‒C‒O (1072 cm-1) functioned in forming MEs. Additionally, ‒OH, C‒H, ‒C˭C, ‒C‒O were considered as active binding sites when remediating PAH soils. PAH removals in soils CPS and CSG were up to 90.1% and 89.7% with surfactants and co-surfactant (Surf:Co-s), (Surf:Co-s) and FAME, soil and MEs (w:v) at ratios of 1:1, 8:2 and 1:4, respectively. About 85.6% of FAME and 41.9% of TX-100 in waste ME were recovered for recycle purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Land Contamination Assessment and Remediation Laboratory, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Zongqiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Chunyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Barbosa Ferreira M, Sales Solano AM, Vieira dos Santos E, Martínez-Huitle CA, Ganiyu SO. Coupling of Anodic Oxidation and Soil Remediation Processes: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4309. [PMID: 32992528 PMCID: PMC7579085 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to industrial modernization and agricultural mechanization, several environmental consequences have been observed, which make sustainable development difficult. Soil, as an important component of ecosystem and a key resource for the survival of human and animals, has been under constant contamination from different human activities. Contaminated soils and sites require remediation not only because of the hazardous threat it possess to the environment but also due to the shortage of fresh land for both agriculture and urbanization. Combined or coupled remediation technologies are one of the efficient processes for the treatment of contaminated soils. In these technologies, two or more soil remediation techniques are applied simultaneously or sequentially, in which one technique complements the other, making the treatment very efficient. Coupling anodic oxidation (AO) and soil remediation for the treatment of soil contaminated with organics has been studied via two configurations: (i) soil remediation, ex situ AO, where AO is used as a post-treatment stage for the treatment of effluents from soil remediation process and (ii) soil remediation, in situ AO, where both processes are applied simultaneously. The former is the most widely investigated configuration of the combined processes, while the latter is less common due to the greater diffusion dependency of AO as an electrode process. In this review, the concept of soil washing (SW)/soil flushing (SF) and electrokinetic as soil remediation techniques are briefly explained followed by a discussion of different configurations of combined AO and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Barbosa Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Aline Maria Sales Solano
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Elisama Vieira dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (M.B.F.); (A.M.S.S.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Soliu O. Ganiyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
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Temerdashev ZA, Musorina TN, Chervonnaya TA. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Bottom Sediments by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820080158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Levkina VV, Pirogov AV, Petruk ES, Jang M, Bolotnik TA, Mylenkova AY, Popik MV, Buszewski B, Shpigun OA. Application of microemulsions for the extraction, pre-concentration of PAHs as a tool for fast screening of perspective oil chemical markers. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1555168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V. Levkina
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Pirogov
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Petruk
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mongjoo Jang
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofey A. Bolotnik
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Y. Mylenkova
- Division of Geology and Geochemistry of Minerals, Department of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michail V. Popik
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Division of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Oleg A. Shpigun
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Peluffo M, Rosso JA, Morelli IS, Mora VC. Strategies for oxidation of PAHs in aged contaminated soil by batch reactors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:76-82. [PMID: 29310012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are neutral, nonpolar and hydrophobic molecules that tend to sorb onto soil organic matter. Chemical oxidation is a good choice to avoid the limitations of bioremediation. To evaluate the efficiency of different types of oxidation (permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, and persulfate) and activation (heat, alkaline, and iron), batch reactors were prepared. The soil was contaminated with phenanthrene and pyrene (1200 ± 200 and 2800 ± 100mg per kg of dry soil, respectively) and aged for fifteen months. Treatments were prepared with 10g of contaminated dry soil and 20ml of water and incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Analyses of phenanthrene and pyrene concentrations, soil pH and electric conductivity were performed. Counts of heterotrophic cultivable bacteria on R2A medium and PAH-degraders were carried out after 7 days of treatment. The persulfate treatment at room temperature, without the addition of activators, achieved better results than treatments with the same doses of permanganate or hydrogen peroxide. All the strategies to improve persulfate treatments yielded higher degradation of pyrene than the biological control, as expected from the structural description of this compound by Clar's model. The thermal activation of persulfate (65°C for 6h) led to the degradation of more than 90% of both PAHs after 7 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Peluffo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (UNLP; CCT-La Plata, CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Janina A Rosso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (UNLP; CCT-La Plata, CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Irma S Morelli
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (UNLP; CCT-La Plata, CONICET), La Plata, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Argentina
| | - Verónica C Mora
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (UNLP; CCT-La Plata, CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
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Mora VC, Madueño L, Peluffo M, Rosso JA, Del Panno MT, Morelli IS. Remediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil by simultaneous persulfate chemical oxidation and biodegradation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7548-7556. [PMID: 24595755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous compounds with carcinogenic and/or mutagenic potential. To address the limitations of individual remediation techniques and to achieve better PAH removal efficiencies, the combination of chemical and biological treatments can be used. The degradation of phenanthrene (chosen as a model of PAH) by persulfate in freshly contaminated soil microcosms was studied to assess its impact on the biodegradation process and on soil properties. Soil microcosms contaminated with 140 mg/kgDRY SOIL of phenanthrene were treated with different persulfate (PS) concentrations 0.86-41.7 g/kgDRY SOIL and incubated for 28 days. Analyses of phenanthrene and persulfate concentrations and soil pH were performed. Cultivable heterotrophic bacterial count was carried out after 28 days of treatment. Genetic diversity analysis of the soil microcosm bacterial community was performed by PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The addition of PS in low concentrations could be an interesting biostimulatory strategy that managed to shorten the lag phase of the phenanthrene biological elimination, without negative effects on the physicochemical and biological soil properties, improving the remediation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica C Mora
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
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Lau EV, Gan S, Ng HK, Poh PE. Extraction agents for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil in soil washing technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:640-649. [PMID: 24100092 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil have been recognised as a serious health and environmental issue due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. One of the commonly employed soil remediation techniques to clean up such contamination is soil washing or solvent extraction. The main factor which governs the efficiency of this process is the solubility of PAHs in the extraction agent. Past field-scale soil washing treatments for PAH-contaminated soil have mainly employed organic solvents or water which is either toxic and costly or inefficient in removing higher molecular weight PAHs. Thus, the present article aims to provide a review and discussion of the alternative extraction agents that have been studied, including surfactants, biosurfactants, microemulsions, natural surfactants, cyclodextrins, vegetable oil and solution with solid phase particles. These extraction agents have been found to remove PAHs from soil at percentages ranging from 47 to 100% for various PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Von Lau
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Zhang Y, Wong JWC, Zhao Z, Selvam A. Microemulsion-enhanced remediation of soils contaminated with organochlorine pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 33:1915-1922. [PMID: 22439580 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.568009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil contaminated by organic pollutants, especially chlorinated aromatic compounds such as DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane), is an environmental concern because of the strong sorption of organochlorine pesticide onto the soil matrix and persistence in the environment. The remediation of organochlorine pesticide contaminated soils through microemulsion is an innovative technology to expedite this process. The remediation efficiency was evaluated by batch experiments through studying the desorption of DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane (y-HCH) and sorption of microemulsion composed of Triton X-100, 1-pentanol and linseed oil in the soil-surfactant-water suspension system. The reduction of desorption efficiency caused by the sorption loss of microemulsion components onto the soil could be corrected by the appropriate adjustment of C/S (Cosurfactant/Surfactant) and O/S (Oil/Surfactant) ratio. The C/S and O/S ratios of 1:2 and 3:20 were suitable to desorb DDT and gamma-HCH from the studied soils because of the lower sorption of Triton X-100 onto the soil. Inorganic salts added in microemulsion increased the pesticides desorption efficiency of pesticides and calcium chloride has a stronger ability to enhance the desorption of DDT than sodium chloride. From the remediation perspective, the balance of surfactant or cosurfactant sorbed to soil and desorption efficiency should be taken into consideration to enhance the remediation of soils contaminated by organochlorine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Mustafa A, Turner C. Pressurized liquid extraction as a green approach in food and herbal plants extraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:8-18. [PMID: 21843670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction is a "green" technology for the extraction of nutraceuticals from foods and herbal plants. This review discusses the extraction principles and the optimization of the extraction parameters that improves the extraction efficiency. The use of different solvent mixtures and other extraction additives to enhance the efficiency of the extraction are discussed. Dynamic mode of extraction in Pressurized liquid extraction, and the use of combined and hyphenated sample preparation and analytical techniques are presented. This work discusses how different studies used Pressurized liquid extraction to enrich phenolic compounds, lignans, carotenoids, oils and lipids, essential oils and other nutraceuticals from foods and herbal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Mustafa
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
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Wang Y, Liu CS, Li FB, Liu CP, Liang JB. Photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene by iron oxide in solid phase. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:716-723. [PMID: 18586391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in solid phase in natural environment, laboratory experiments were conducted to study the influencing factors, kinetics and intermediate compound of pyrene photodegradation by iron oxides. The results showed that the pyrene photodegradation rate followed the order of alpha-FeOOH>alpha-Fe(2)O(3)>gamma-Fe(2)O(3)>gamma-FeOOH at the same reaction conditions. Lower dosage of alpha-FeOOH and higher light intensity increased the photodegradation rate of pyrene. Iron oxides and oxalic acid can set up a photo-Fenton-like system without additional H(2)O(2) in solid phase to enhance the photodegradation of pyrene under UV irradiation. All reaction followed the first-order reaction kinetics. The half-life (t(1/2)) of pyrene in the system showed the higher efficiencies of using iron oxide as photocatalyst to degrade pyrene. Intermediate compound pyreno was found during photodegradation reactions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The photodegradation efficiency for PAHs in this photo-Fenton-like system was also confirmed by using the contaminated soil samples. This work provides some useful information to understand the remediation of PAHs contaminated soils by photochemical techniques under practical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
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