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Ni X, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Li J. Optimizing ARA and DHA in infant formula: A systematic review of global trends, regional disparities, and considerations for precision nutrition. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114049. [PMID: 38519198 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In the context of precision nutrition, the addition of ARA and DHA in infant formula needs to consider more factors. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review, including 112 relevant Chinese and English articles, to summarize and analyze the global levels of ARA, DHA, and the ARA/DHA ratio in breast milk. The data were correlated with local aquatic products intake and children's IQ. The results indicated that the average level of DHA in breast milk across regions is lower than that of ARA. Variations in DHA content were identified as a primary factor influencing ARA/DHA ratio fluctuations. Breast milk ARA and DHA levels decrease with prolonged lactation periods but increase over the past 22 years. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between aquatic products intake and breast milk DHA levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.05). Breast milk DHA levels also showed a significant positive correlation with children's IQ (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). Stable breast milk ARA content did not exhibit significant correlations with aquatic products intake or children's IQ (r = 0, p > 0.05). Among 22 infant formula products available in China, only 5 had ARA levels within the range of breast milk. Most formula products had higher ARA levels than DHA, resulting in ARA/DHA ratios generally exceeding 1. The temporal and spatial variability in breast milk ARA and DHA levels may lead to diverse health outcomes in infants. Therefore, the addition of ARA and DHA in infant formula should consider this variability, including the molecular forms and positional isomerism of the added ARA and DHA. Additionally, considering the impact of different cognitive development tests and infant's gene expression on formula assessment results, there is a need to establish a more comprehensive infant health assessment system to guide the addition of ARA and DHA in formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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Donzella S, Serra I, Fumagalli A, Pellegrino L, Mosconi G, Lo Scalzo R, Compagno C. Recycling industrial food wastes for lipid production by oleaginous yeasts Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 35568880 PMCID: PMC9107756 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial lipids have been emerging as a sustainable alternative to vegetable oils and animal fat to produce biodiesel and industrial relevant chemicals. The use of wastes for microbial processes can represent a way for upgrading low value feedstock to high value products, addressing one of the main goals of circular economy, the reduction of wastes by recycling. Two oleaginous yeasts, Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus and Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum, were used in this study to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. RESULTS In this study wastes from industrial food processing, as pumpkin peels and syrup from candied fruits manufacture, were used for yeast cultivation and for lipids production. Evaluation of growth and sugar consumption revealed marked differences between the yeasts in capacity to utilize the main sugars present in the feedstock. In particular, we observed an unexpected limitation in glucose metabolism on mineral defined media by R. azoricus. Both species showed ability to grow and accumulate lipids on media exclusively composed by undiluted pumpkin peel hydrolysate, and R. azoricus was the best performing. By a two-stage process carried out in bioreactor, this species reached a biomass concentration of 45 g/L (dry weight) containing 55% of lipids, corresponding to a lipid concentration of 24 g/L, with a productivity of 0.26 g/L/h and yield of 0.24 g lipids per g of utilized sugar. CONCLUSIONS Wastes from industrial food processing were sufficient to completely support yeast growth and to induce lipid accumulation. This study provides strong evidence that the concept of valorisation through the production of lipids from the metabolism of nutrients present in agro-industrial wastes by oleaginous yeasts is promising for implementation of biotechnological processes in a circular economy contest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fumagalli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Pellegrino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria at Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), via G. Venezian 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Manaig YJY, Sandrini S, Panseri S, Tedeschi G, Folch JM, Sánchez A, Savoini G, Agazzi A. Low n-6/n-3 Gestation and Lactation Diets Influence Early Performance, Muscle and Adipose Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content and Deposition, and Relative Abundance of Proteins in Suckling Piglets. Molecules 2022; 27:2925. [PMID: 35566276 PMCID: PMC9103047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratios in swine diets can potentially impose a higher risk of inflammatory and metabolic diseases in swine. A low ratio between the two omega PUFAs has beneficial effects on sows' and piglets' production performance and immunity status. At present, there are few studies on how sow nutrition directly affects the protein and fat deposition in suckling piglets. Two groups of sows were fed diets with high or low n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated ratios of 13:1 (SOY) and 4:1 (LIN), respectively, during gestation and lactation. Longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue from newborn piglets, nourished only with sow's milk, were subjected to fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to proteomics assays based on nano-liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-HRMS). Fatty acid profiles on both muscle and adipose tissues resembled the magnitude of the differences between fatty acid across diets. Proteomic analysis revealed overabundance of 4 muscle and 11 adipose tissue proteins in SOY compared to LIN in both piglet tissues. The detected overabundance of haptoglobin, an acute-phase protein, and the stimulation of protein-coding genes and proteins related to the innate immune response and acute inflammatory response could be associated with the pro-inflammatory role of n-6 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yron Joseph Yabut Manaig
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Consortium, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.S.); (S.P.); (G.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Silvia Sandrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.S.); (S.P.); (G.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.S.); (S.P.); (G.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Josep M. Folch
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Consortium, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Consortium, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Savoini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.S.); (S.P.); (G.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.S.); (S.P.); (G.S.); (A.A.)
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Ma H, Luo D, Zhao Q, Liu R, Zhang Z, Hou X, Sun X, Wang Y. Crown ether and crown ether/K+ complex assisted DOSY NMR: A versatile tool for positional isomers identification in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nguyen TX, Agazzi A, Comi M, Bontempo V, Guido I, Panseri S, Sauerwein H, Eckersall PD, Burchmore R, Savoini G. Effects of Low ω6:ω3 Ratio in Sow Diet and Seaweed Supplement in Piglet Diet on Performance, Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Oxidative Status. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112049. [PMID: 33167599 PMCID: PMC7694489 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feeding maternal animals divergent ratios of omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids can change not only their health, physiological condition, and performance but also do the same for their offspring. In swine production, various ω6:ω3 ratios have been tested, but the search for an optimal proportion in the sow diet is still in progress. For piglets, weaning oxidative stress has been alleviated by supplementing with abundant sources of bioactive compounds. In this case, brown seaweed, a rich source of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants, can be a good candidate, but its supplementation in piglet diet is limited. This study explores the hypothesis that feeding a low ω6:ω3 ratio diet to sows during gestation and lactation, together with the supplementation of Ascophyllum nodosum for piglets during the post-weaning period, could benefit piglets’ performance and oxidative status more than the respective single treatment provided to the mother or the piglet. Results showed that the low dietary ω6:ω3 ratio (4:1) and seaweed supplement did not affect the post-weaning piglets’ growth rate and oxidative status. However, a low ω6:ω3 ratio diet alone improved weaning survival rate, suckling piglets’ weight gain, and total ω3 fatty acids in colostrum and milk. Abstract The ratio of omega-6 (ω6) to omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet contributes to animal health and performance modulations because they have mostly opposite physiological functions. Increasing ω3 PUFAs content in the maternal diet can stimulate antioxidative capacity in sow and piglets; however, the optimal ratio of ω6 and ω3 PUFAs in the sow diet is still under discussion. Rich sources of bioactive constituents such as brown seaweed are an excellent supplementation to promote animal health and antioxidant status. However, the knowledge of the effects of this compound, specifically in post-weaning piglets, is still limited. Moreover, the combined effect of a low ω6:ω3 PUFAs ratio in sow diet and seaweed supplementation in post-weaning piglets’ diet has never been studied. This research aims to assess the combined effect of a low ω6:ω3 ratio in sow diets and seaweed supplementation in piglet diets on their growth and oxidative status. We also assessed the impact of a low ω6:ω3 ratio in the maternal diet on reproduction, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, and plasma leptin concentration. Two sow diets (n = 8 each) contained either a control ratio (CR, 13:1 during gestation, starting from day 28 (G28) and 10:1 during lactation) or a low ratio (LR, 4:1 from G28 until the end of lactation (L-End)) of ω6:ω3 FA by adding soybean oil or linseed oil, respectively. Reproductive performance was evaluated. Colostrum and milk at lactation day 7 (L7) and L-End were collected to analyze FA profile. Plasma was collected at G28, G79, G108, L7, L14, and L-End for determination of leptin and oxidative status. At weaning, 20 male piglets were selected per sow group to form 4 diet treatments (n = 10 each), which were supplemented with or without 4 g/kg seaweed. Recording of growth performance and collection of blood were performed at days 0, 7, 15, and 21 of post-weaning for oxidative status. LR diet increased (p < 0.05) the survival rate of piglets at weaning, and individual and litter weight gains. Colostrum and milk at L7 and L-End had lower (p < 0.05) ω6:ω3 ratio in LR sows. Interaction between dietary treatments on sows and piglets was revealed for all examined growth parameters at most time points (p < 0.05). LR diet did not affect plasma leptin levels and oxidative status. These findings suggest that the seaweed supplement during post-weaning could not improve growth rate and oxidative status of piglets born from mothers receiving a low dietary ω6:ω3 ratio (4:1) during gestation and lactation. However, this low ratio was beneficial for weaning survival rate, sucking piglets’ weight gain, and ω3 enrichment in colostrum and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety ‘Carlo Cantoni’ (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.A.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK; (P.D.E.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety ‘Carlo Cantoni’ (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.A.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Marcello Comi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentino Bontempo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety ‘Carlo Cantoni’ (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.A.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Invernizzi Guido
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety ‘Carlo Cantoni’ (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.A.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety ‘Carlo Cantoni’ (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.A.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK; (P.D.E.); (R.B.)
| | - Richard Burchmore
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK; (P.D.E.); (R.B.)
| | - Giovanni Savoini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety ‘Carlo Cantoni’ (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.A.); (V.B.); (I.G.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
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Rapid Analysis of Milk Using Low-Cost Pocket-Size NIR Spectrometers and Multivariate Analysis. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081090. [PMID: 32785190 PMCID: PMC7465951 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The miniaturisation of analytical devices, reduction of analytical data acquisition time, or the reduction of waste generation throughout the analytical process are important requirements of modern analytical chemistry, and in particular of green analytical chemistry. Green analytical chemistry has fostered the development of a new generation of miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) spectrometric systems. However, one of the drawbacks of these systems is the need for a compromise between the performance parameters (accuracy and sensitivity) and the aforementioned requirements of green analytical chemistry. In this paper, we evaluated the capabilities of two recently developed portable NIR instruments (SCiO and NeoSpectra) to achieve a rapid, simple and low-cost quantitative determination of commercial milk macronutrients. Commercial milk samples from Italy, Switzerland and Spain were chosen, covering the maximum range of variability in protein, carbohydrate and fat content, and multivariate calibration was used to correlate the recorded spectra with the macronutrient content of milk. Both SCiO and NeoSpectra can provide a fast and reliable analysis of fats in commercial milk, and they are able to correctly classify milk according to fat level. SCiO can also provide predictions of protein content and classification according to presence or absence of lactose.
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Zongo K, Krishnamoorthy S, Moses JA, Yazici F, Çon AH, Anandharamakrishnan C. Total conjugated linoleic acid content of ruminant milk: The world status insights. Food Chem 2020; 334:127555. [PMID: 32711268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of ruminant milk reported in published research papers (n = 65) from January 1995 to March 2020 around the world were analyzed to estimate the overall mean CLA value. The CLA content of ruminant milk samples was grouped according to geographical regions (Europe, South America, North America, Oceania, Asia, and Africa). The total CLA content of milk samples from cows, sheep, goats, yaks, and llama retrieved from the collected data ranged between 0.06 and 2.96% of total fatty acids. There is a wide variation of pooled estimated mean content of CLA in milk among the study regions and were highest in Oceania with 1.33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16 - 1.49%) of total fatty acids. Though several factors have been reported to influence the CLA content of milk, the effect of the "geographical origin" was only considered in the present manuscript as one of the main factors in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koka Zongo
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), MoFPI, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - Jeyan A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), MoFPI, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - Fehmi Yazici
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hilmi Çon
- Food Engineering Department, Graduate School of Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), MoFPI, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, India
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Wu WC, Lin HC, Liao WL, Tsai YY, Chen AC, Chen HC, Lin HY, Liao LN, Chao PM. FADS Genetic Variants in Taiwanese Modify Association of DHA Intake and Its Proportions in Human Milk. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020543. [PMID: 32093185 PMCID: PMC7071481 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine how docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) proportions in human milk are modulated by maternal FADS gene variants and dietary intake in Taiwanese women. Inclusion criteria included being healthy, 20–40 y old, having had a full-term baby that they intended to breast feed for at least 1 month, and willingness to participate in this study. Intake of DHA was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and fatty acids were analyzed in human milk samples collected 3–4 weeks postpartum. Based on multiple linear regression of data from 164 mothers that completed this study, there was 0.28% (FA%) reduction in milk DHA in high versus low genetic risk (stratified by whether minor allele numbers were ≥ 3 in rs1535 and rs174448) and 0.45% reduction in low versus high intake (stratified by whether DHA intake reached 200 mg/d). There was a significant gene–diet interaction; mothers with low genetic risk only had high milk DHA proportions with high DHA intake, whereas for mothers with high genetic risk, dietary effects were quite limited. Therefore, for FADS single nucleotide polymorphism in Taiwanese women, increasing DHA intake did not correct low milk DHA proportions in those with a high-risk genotype. Diet only conferred benefits to those with a low-risk genotype. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered (Feb 12, 2019) in ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT03842891, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03842891).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chieh Wu
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | - An-Chyi Chen
- Division of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Liao
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-N.L.); (P.-M.C.); Tel.: (+886)-4-22053366 (ext. 7509) (P.-M.C.); Fax: (+886)-4-22062891 (P.-M.C.)
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-N.L.); (P.-M.C.); Tel.: (+886)-4-22053366 (ext. 7509) (P.-M.C.); Fax: (+886)-4-22062891 (P.-M.C.)
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López-Vicente M, Ribas Fitó N, Vilor-Tejedor N, Garcia-Esteban R, Fernández-Barrés S, Dadvand P, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi A, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, López-Sabater MC, Romaguera D, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Prenatal Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. J Pediatr 2019; 209:204-211.e4. [PMID: 30929929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether higher omega-6:omega-3 (n-6:n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in cord plasma is associated with more symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 4 and 7 years of age. STUDY DESIGN This study was based on a population-based birth cohort in Spain. N-6 arachidonic acid and n-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were measured in cord plasma. At 4 years old, ADHD symptoms were reported by teachers through the ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed checklist (n = 580). At 7 years old, ADHD symptoms were reported by parents through the Conners' Rating Scale-Revised (short form; n = 642). The ADHD variable was treated as continuous (score) and as dichotomous (symptom diagnostic criteria). Child and family general characteristics were prospectively collected through questionnaires. We applied pooled zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic regressions adjusted for covariates. RESULTS A higher omega-6:omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in cord plasma was associated with a higher ADHD index (incidence rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.23) at 7 years old. The association was not observed at 4 years old (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.18). No associations were found using ADHD symptom diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS High prenatal omega-6:omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio preceded the appearance of subclinical ADHD symptoms during mid-childhood. Our findings suggest that maternal diet during pregnancy may modulate the risk to develop long-term ADHD symptoms in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica López-Vicente
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of València, València, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of València, València, Spain; Medicine Department, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastián, Spain; Sub-Directorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Department of Health, Goverment of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Fernandez-Avila C, Trujillo A. Enhanced stability of emulsions treated by Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization for delivering conjugated linoleic acid in Caco-2 cells. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Fernandez-Avila C, Arranz E, Guri A, Trujillo A, Corredig M. Vegetable protein isolate-stabilized emulsions for enhanced delivery of conjugated linoleic acid in Caco-2 cells. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Communod R, Guida S, Vigo D, Beretti V, Munari E, Colombani C, Superchi P, Sabbioni A. Body Measures and Milk Production, Milk Fat Globules Granulometry and Milk Fatty Acid Content in Cabannina Cattle Breed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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González-Arrojo A, Soldado A, Vicente F, de la Roza-Delgado B. Microwave-Assisted Methodology Feasibility for One-Step Extraction and Transmethylation of Fatty Acids in Milk for GC-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Trigueros L, Sendra E. Fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in fermented milks as assessed by direct methylation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lozano B, Castellote AI, Montes R, López-Sabater MC. Vitamins, fatty acids, and antioxidant capacity stability during storage of freeze-dried human milk. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:703-7. [PMID: 24840090 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.917154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although freezing is the most common method used to preserve human milk, nutritional and immunological components may be lost during storage. Freeze-drying could increase the shelf life of human milk, while preserving its original characteristics. Seventy-two samples of freeze-dried human milk were stored for different periods of time, up to a maximum of 3 months, at 4 °C or 40 °C. Vitamin C, tocopherols, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acids composition were analyzed. A new HILIC-UHPLC method improving vitamin C determination was also validated. Ascorbic acid and total vitamin C concentrations significantly decreased at both temperatures, while antioxidant capacity only decreased at 40 °C. Fatty acids composition and both γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol contents remained unaltered. The stability after storage of freeze-dried milk was higher than that reported for frozen or fresh milk indicating that freeze-drying is a promising option to improve the preservation of human milk in banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Lozano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain and
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Tsiafoulis CG, Skarlas T, Tzamaloukas O, Miltiadou D, Gerothanassis IP. Direct nuclear magnetic resonance identification and quantification of geometric isomers of conjugated linoleic acid in milk lipid fraction without derivatization steps: Overcoming sensitivity and resolution barriers. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 821:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Dietary Supplementation of Calcium may Counteract Obesity in Mice Mediated by Changes in Plasma Fatty Acids. Lipids 2013; 48:817-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Fatty acid composition of breastmilk of Israeli mothers. Indian Pediatr 2013; 50:1044-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-013-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Cruz-Hernandez C, Goeuriot S, Giuffrida F, Thakkar SK, Destaillats F. Direct quantification of fatty acids in human milk by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1284:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Coursodon-Boyiddle CF, Snarrenberg CL, Adkins-Rieck CK, Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Lawrence P, Brenna JT, Jouni ZE, Dvorak B. Pomegranate seed oil reduces intestinal damage in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G744-51. [PMID: 22821948 PMCID: PMC3468537 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00248.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate seed oil (PSO), which is the major source of conjugated linolenic acids such as punicic acid (PuA), exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease associated with severe and excessive intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered PSO on the development of NEC, intestinal epithelial proliferation, and cytokine regulation in a rat model of NEC. Premature rats were divided into three groups: dam fed (DF), formula-fed rats (FF), or rats fed with formula supplemented with 1.5% of PSO (FF + PSO). All groups were exposed to asphyxia/cold stress to induce NEC. Intestinal injury, epithelial cell proliferation, cytokine production, and trefoil factor 3 (Tff3) production were evaluated in the terminal ileum. Oral administration of PSO (FF+PSO) decreased the incidence of NEC from 61 to 26%. Feeding formula with PSO improved enterocyte proliferation in the site of injury. Increased levels of proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α in the ileum of FF rats were normalized in PSO-treated animals. Tff3 production in the FF rats was reduced compared with DF but not further affected by the PSO. In conclusion, administration of PSO protects against NEC in the neonatal rat model. This protective effect is associated with an improvement of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and a strong anti-inflammatory effect of PSO on the developing intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea L. Snarrenberg
- 1Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
| | - Camille K. Adkins-Rieck
- 1Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- 2Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia;
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- 2Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia;
| | - Peter Lawrence
- 3Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York;
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- 3Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York;
| | | | - Bohuslav Dvorak
- 1Department of Pediatrics and Steele Children's Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
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Rodriguez-Alcala LM, Calvo MV, Fontecha J. A Quick, Optimized Method for Routine Analysis of Essential and Trans-Octadecenoic Acids in Edible Fats and Oils by GLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:70-81. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Diels–Alder derivatization for sensitive detection and characterization of conjugated linoleic acids using LC/ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Morales E, García-Esteban R, Guxens M, Guerra S, Mendez M, Moltó-Puigmartí C, Lopez-Sabater MC, Sunyer J. Effects of prolonged breastfeeding and colostrum fatty acids on allergic manifestations and infections in infancy. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:918-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Morales
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - R. García-Esteban
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - M. Guxens
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - S. Guerra
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Arizona Respiratory Center; Tucson AZ USA
| | - M. Mendez
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - C. Moltó-Puigmartí
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - M. C. Lopez-Sabater
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - J. Sunyer
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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Rodríguez-Castañedas JL, Peña-Egido MJ, García-Marino M, García-Moreno C. Quantitative determination of conjugated linoleic acid isomers by silver ion HPLC in ewe milk fat. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Guxens M, Mendez MA, Moltó-Puigmartí C, Julvez J, García-Esteban R, Forns J, Ferrer M, Vrijheid M, López-Sabater MC, Sunyer J. Breastfeeding, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum, and infant mental development. Pediatrics 2011; 128:e880-9. [PMID: 21930546 PMCID: PMC9923846 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding has been associated with improved neurodevelopment in children. However, it remains unknown to what extent nutritional advantages of breast milk may explain this relationship. OBJECTIVE We assessed the role of parental psychosocial factors and colostrum long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels in the relationship between breastfeeding and children's neurodevelopment. METHODS A population-based birth cohort was established in the city of Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain) as part of the INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project. A total of 657 women were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy. Information about parental characteristics and breastfeeding was obtained by using a questionnaire, and trained psychologists assessed mental and psychomotor development by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development in 504 children at 14 months of age. RESULTS A high percentage of breastfeeds among all milk feeds accumulated during the first 14 months was positively related with child mental development (0.37 points per month of full breastfeeding [95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.67]). Maternal education, social class, and intelligence quotient only partly explained this association. Children with a longer duration of breastfeeding also exposed to higher ratios between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in colostrum had significantly higher mental scores than children with low breastfeeding duration exposed to low levels. CONCLUSIONS Greater levels of accumulated breastfeeding during the first year of life were related to higher mental development at 14 months, largely independently from a wide range of parental psychosocial factors. LC-PUFA levels seem to play a beneficial role in children's mental development when breastfeeding levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Guxens
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michelle A. Mendez
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; ,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Esteban
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Forns
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muriel Ferrer
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carmen López-Sabater
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; ,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain; ,Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; ,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; ,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Genetic variants of the FADS gene cluster and ELOVL gene family, colostrums LC-PUFA levels, breastfeeding, and child cognition. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17181. [PMID: 21383846 PMCID: PMC3044172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breastfeeding effects on cognition are attributed to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), but controversy persists. Genetic variation in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) and elongase (ELOVL) enzymes has been overlooked when studying the effects of LC-PUFAs supply on cognition. We aimed to: 1) to determine whether maternal genetic variants in the FADS cluster and ELOVL genes contribute to differences in LC-PUFA levels in colostrum; 2) to analyze whether these maternal variants are related to child cognition; and 3) to assess whether children's variants modify breastfeeding effects on cognition. Methods Data come from two population-based birth cohorts (n = 400 mother-child pairs from INMA-Sabadell; and n = 340 children from INMA-Menorca). LC-PUFAs were measured in 270 colostrum samples from INMA-Sabadell. Tag SNPs were genotyped both in mothers and children (13 in the FADS cluster, 6 in ELOVL2, and 7 in ELOVL5). Child cognition was assessed at 14 mo and 4 y using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, respectively. Results Children of mothers carrying genetic variants associated with lower FADS1 activity (regulating AA and EPA synthesis), higher FADS2 activity (regulating DHA synthesis), and with higher EPA/AA and DHA/AA ratios in colostrum showed a significant advantage in cognition at 14 mo (3.5 to 5.3 points). Not being breastfed conferred an 8- to 9-point disadvantage in cognition among children GG homozygote for rs174468 (low FADS1 activity) but not among those with the A allele. Moreover, not being breastfed resulted in a disadvantage in cognition (5 to 8 points) among children CC homozygote for rs2397142 (low ELOVL5 activity), but not among those carrying the G allele. Conclusion Genetically determined maternal supplies of LC-PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation appear to be crucial for child cognition. Breastfeeding effects on cognition are modified by child genetic variation in fatty acid desaturase and elongase enzymes.
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Effects of pasteurisation and high-pressure processing on vitamin C, tocopherols and fatty acids in mature human milk. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Howe JC, Leheska JM, Smith SB, Engle T, Rasor AS, Conley NA. Preparation and characterization of control materials for the analysis of conjugated linoleic acid and trans-vaccenic acid in beef. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Moltó-Puigmartí C, Castellote AI, Carbonell-Estrany X, López-Sabater MC. Differences in fat content and fatty acid proportions among colostrum, transitional, and mature milk from women delivering very preterm, preterm, and term infants. Clin Nutr 2010; 30:116-23. [PMID: 20800325 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human milk composition changes according to gestational age and stage of lactation, but infants fed banked human milk often receive pooled milk. We studied the changes in fat content and fatty acid proportions throughout lactation in very preterm, preterm, and full term milk, and the differences among gestational age groups. METHODS Samples from women delivering before 30 (n = 10), between 30 and 37 (n = 10), and between 38 and 42 (n = 23) weeks of gestation were analyzed. RESULTS Fat content was higher in very preterm than in preterm and full term samples (p < 0.05). Medium-chain saturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, and rumenic acid proportions increased (p < 0.05) during lactation, while those of most long-chain saturated fatty acids and most long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n-3 and n-6 families decreased (p < 0.05). In colostrum and transitional milk, medium-chain saturated fatty acid proportions were highest in the very preterm group, and decreased with gestational age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The differences in fat and fatty acids of human milk obtained at different gestational ages and stages of lactation may impact preterm infants' health. Therefore they could be taken into account when feeding newborns banked human milk and when designing infant formulas or human milk fortifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII s/n CE-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Cao Y, Chen J, Yang L, Chen ZY. Differential incorporation of dietary conjugated linolenic and linoleic acids into milk lipids and liver phospholipids in lactating and suckling rats. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:685-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ruiz-Rodriguez A, Reglero G, Ibañez E. Recent trends in the advanced analysis of bioactive fatty acids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 51:305-26. [PMID: 19525080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of dietary fats have been long associated to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease; although some controversy still exists in the role of dietary fats in human health, certain fats have demonstrated their positive effect in the modulation of abnormal fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism, both of them associated to chronic diseases. Among the different fats, some fatty acids can be used as functional ingredients such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), stearidonic acid (STA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), among others. The present review is focused on recent developments in FAs analysis, covering sample preparation methods such as extraction, fractionation and derivatization as well as new advances in chromatographic methods such as GC and HPLC. Special attention is paid to trans fatty acids due its increasing interest for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Cruz-Hernandez C, Destaillats F. Recent Advances in Fast Gas-Chromatography: Application to the Separation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902956386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Park JG, Song WH, Hong SM, Kim CH. Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from Breast-Fed Infants. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2008. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.5.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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