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Cruz Villarreal J, Kruithoff R, Egatz-Gomez A, Coleman PD, Ros R, Sandrin TR, Ros A. MIMAS: microfluidic platform in tandem with MALDI mass spectrometry for protein quantification from small cell ensembles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3945-3958. [PMID: 35385983 PMCID: PMC9188328 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cell-to-cell variation at the molecular level provides relevant information about biological phenomena and is critical for clinical and biological research. Proteins carry important information not available from single-cell genomics and transcriptomics studies; however, due to the minute amount of proteins in single cells and the complexity of the proteome, quantitative protein analysis at the single-cell level remains challenging. Here, we report an integrated microfluidic platform in tandem with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the detection and quantification of targeted proteins from small cell ensembles (> 10 cells). All necessary steps for the assay are integrated on-chip including cell lysis, protein immunocapture, tryptic digestion, and co-crystallization with the matrix solution for MALDI-MS analysis. We demonstrate that our approach is suitable for protein quantification by assessing the apoptotic protein Bcl-2 released from MCF-7 breast cancer cells, ranging from 26 to 223 cells lysed on-chip (8.75 nL wells). A limit of detection (LOD) of 11.22 nM was determined, equivalent to 5.91 × 107 protein molecules per well. Additionally, the microfluidic platform design was further improved, establishing the successful quantification of Bcl-2 protein from MCF-7 cell ensembles ranging from 8 to 19 cells in 4 nL wells. The LOD in the smaller well designs for Bcl-2 resulted in 14.85 nM, equivalent to 3.57 × 107 protein molecules per well. This work shows the capability of our approach to quantitatively assess proteins from cell lysate on the MIMAS platform for the first time. These results demonstrate our approach constitutes a promising tool for quantitative targeted protein analysis from small cell ensembles down to single cells, with the capability for multiplexing through parallelization and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rory Kruithoff
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paul D Coleman
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Research Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
| | - Todd R Sandrin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA.
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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2
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Yang M, Villarreal JC, Ariyasinghe N, Kruithoff R, Ros R, Ros A. Quantitative Approach for Protein Analysis in Small Cell Ensembles by an Integrated Microfluidic Chip with MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6053-6061. [PMID: 33819014 PMCID: PMC8128341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that cells are individually heterogeneous. Advancing the technologies for single-cell analysis will improve our ability to characterize cells, study cell biology, design and screen drugs, and aid cancer diagnosis and treatment. Most current single-cell protein analysis approaches are based on fluorescent antibody-binding technology. However, this technology is limited by high background and cross-talk of multiple tags introduced by fluorescent labels. Stable isotope labels used in mass cytometry can overcome the spectral overlap of fluorophores. Nevertheless, the specificity of each antibody and heavy-metal-tagged antibody combination must be carefully validated to ensure detection of the intended target. Thus, novel single-cell protein analysis methods without using labels are urgently needed. Moreover, the labeling approach targets already known motifs, hampering the discovery of new biomarkers relevant to single-cell population variation. Here, we report a combined microfluidic and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric approach for the analysis of protein biomarkers suitable for small cell ensembles. All necessary steps for cell analysis including cell lysis, protein capture, and digestion as well as MALDI matrix deposition are integrated on a microfluidic chip prior to the downstream MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) detection. For proof of principle, this combined method is used to assess the amount of Bcl-2, an apoptosis regulator, in metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by using an isotope-labeled peptide as an internal standard. The proposed approach will eventually provide a new means for proteome studies in small cell ensembles with the potential for single-cell analysis and improve our ability in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430081, P.R.China
| | - Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1604, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-7401, USA
| | - Nethmi Ariyasinghe
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1504, USA
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rory Kruithoff
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1504, USA
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-1604, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287-7401, USA
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3
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Fernández R, Garate J, Tolentino-Cortez T, Herraiz A, Lombardero L, Ducrocq F, Rodríguez-Puertas R, Trifilieff P, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G, Fernández JA. Microarray and Mass Spectrometry-Based Methodology for Lipid Profiling of Tissues and Cell Cultures. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15967-15973. [PMID: 31751120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments in mass spectrometry have revealed the importance of lipids as biomarkers in the context of different diseases and as indicators of the cell's homeostasis. However, further advances are required to unveil the complex relationships between lipid classes and lipid species with proteins. Here, we present a new methodology that combines microarrays with mass spectrometry to obtain the lipid fingerprint of samples of a different nature in a standardized and fast way, with minimal sample consumption. As a proof of concept, we use the methodology to obtain the lipid fingerprint of 20 rat tissues and to create a lipid library for tissue classification. Then, we combine those results with immunohistochemistry and enzymatic assays to unveil the relationship between some lipid species and two enzymes. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the methodology to explore changes in lipid composition of the nucleus accumbens from mice subjected to two lipid diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fernández
- Research Department , IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., BIC Bizkaia (612), 48160 - Derio , Spain
| | | | | | - Ainara Herraiz
- Research Department , IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., BIC Bizkaia (612), 48160 - Derio , Spain
| | | | - Fabien Ducrocq
- University of Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 , F-33000 , Bordeaux , France
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas
- Neurodegenerative Diseases , Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute , 48903 Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- University of Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 , F-33000 , Bordeaux , France
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research Department , IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., BIC Bizkaia (612), 48160 - Derio , Spain
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research Department , IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., BIC Bizkaia (612), 48160 - Derio , Spain
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4
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Immobilized Enzyme Reactors: an Overview of Applications in Drug Discovery from 2008 to 2018. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Lu Y, Pieterse CL, Robertson WD, Miller RJD. Soft Picosecond Infrared Laser Extraction of Highly Charged Proteins and Peptides from Bulk Liquid Water for Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29522677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the soft laser extraction and production of highly charged peptide and protein ions for mass spectrometry directly from bulk liquid water at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, using picosecond infrared laser ablation. Stable ion signal from singly charged small molecules, as well as highly charged biomolecular ions, from aqueous solutions at low laser pulse fluence (∼0.3 J cm-2) is demonstrated. Sampling via single picosecond laser pulses is shown to extract less than 27 pL of volume from the sample, producing highly charged peptide and protein ions for mass spectrometry detection. The ablation and ion generation is demonstrated to be soft in nature, producing natively folded proteins ions under sample conditions described for native mass spectrometry. The method provides laser-based sampling flexibility, precision and control with highly charged ion production directly from water at low and near neutral pH. This approach does not require an additional ionization device or high voltage applied directly to the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Lu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , Hamburg 22761 , Germany
| | - Cornelius L Pieterse
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , Hamburg 22761 , Germany
| | - Wesley D Robertson
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , Hamburg 22761 , Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149 , Hamburg 22761 , Germany
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6
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Ma S, Murphy TW, Lu C. Microfluidics for genome-wide studies involving next generation sequencing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:021501. [PMID: 28396707 PMCID: PMC5346105 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized how molecular biology studies are conducted. Its decreasing cost and increasing throughput permit profiling of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic features for a wide range of applications. Microfluidics has been proven to be highly complementary to NGS technology with its unique capabilities for handling small volumes of samples and providing platforms for automation, integration, and multiplexing. In this article, we review recent progress on applying microfluidics to facilitate genome-wide studies. We emphasize on several technical aspects of NGS and how they benefit from coupling with microfluidic technology. We also summarize recent efforts on developing microfluidic technology for genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies, with emphasis on single cell analysis. We envision rapid growth in these directions, driven by the needs for testing scarce primary cell samples from patients in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Travis W Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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7
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Castiello FR, Heileman K, Tabrizian M. Microfluidic perfusion systems for secretion fingerprint analysis of pancreatic islets: applications, challenges and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:409-31. [PMID: 26732665 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A secretome signature is a heterogeneous profile of secretions present in a single cell type. From the secretome signature a smaller panel of proteins, namely a secretion fingerprint, can be chosen to feasibly monitor specific cellular activity. Based on a thorough appraisal of the literature, this review explores the possibility of defining and using a secretion fingerprint to gauge the functionality of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It covers the state of the art regarding microfluidic perfusion systems used in pancreatic islet research. Candidate analytical tools to be integrated within microfluidic perfusion systems for dynamic secretory fingerprint monitoring were identified. These analytical tools include patch clamp, amperometry/voltametry, impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors and surface plasmon resonance. Coupled with these tools, microfluidic devices can ultimately find applications in determining islet quality for transplantation, islet regeneration and drug screening of therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rafael Castiello
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Khalil Heileman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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8
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Automation of static and dynamic non-dispersive liquid phase microextraction. Part 1: Approaches based on extractant drop-, plug-, film- and microflow-formation. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 906:22-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Khnouf R, Karasneh D, Albiss BA. Protein immobilization on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane and polymethyl methacrylate microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:529-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Khnouf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Dina Karasneh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Borhan Aldeen Albiss
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
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10
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de Raad M, Fischer CR, Northen TR. High-throughput platforms for metabolomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 30:7-13. [PMID: 26544850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become a choice method for broad-spectrum metabolite analysis in both fundamental and applied research. This can range from comprehensive analysis achieved through time-consuming chromatography to the rapid analysis of a few target metabolites without chromatography. In this review article, we highlight current high-throughput MS-based platforms and their potential application in metabolomics. Although current MS platforms can reach throughputs up to 0.5 seconds per sample, the metabolite coverage of these platforms are low compared to low-throughput, separation-based MS methods. High-throughput comes at a cost, as it's a trade-off between sample throughput and metabolite coverage. As we will discuss, promising emerging technologies, including microfluidics and miniaturization of separation techniques, have the potential to achieve both rapid and more comprehensive metabolite analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus de Raad
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Curt R Fischer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Trent R Northen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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11
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Šesták J, Moravcová D, Kahle V. Instrument platforms for nano liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1421:2-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Feng X, Liu BF, Li J, Liu X. Advances in coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:535-57. [PMID: 24399782 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has shown advantages of low sample consumption, reduced analysis time, high throughput, and potential for integration and automation. Coupling microfluidic chips to mass spectrometry (Chip-MS) can greatly improve the overall analytical performance of MS-based approaches and expand their potential applications. In this article, we review the advances of Chip-MS in the past decade, covering innovations in microchip fabrication, microchips coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS. Development of integrated microfluidic systems for automated MS analysis will be further documented, as well as recent applications of Chip-MS in proteomics, metabolomics, cell analysis, and clinical diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, Liquid/instrumentation
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Microchip/methods
- Equipment Design
- Humans
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
- Lipids/analysis
- Metabolomics/instrumentation
- Metabolomics/methods
- Polysaccharides/analysis
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteomics/instrumentation
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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13
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Collier CM, Hill KA, DeWachter MA, Huizing AM, Holzman JF. Nanophotonic implementation of optoelectrowetting for microdroplet actuation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:25004. [PMID: 25689848 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development and ultimate operation of a nanocomposite high-aspect-ratio photoinjection (HARP) device is presented in this work. The device makes use of a nanocomposite material as the optically active layer and the device achieves a large optical penetration depth with a high aspect ratio which provides a strong actuation force far away from the point of photoinjection. The nanocomposite material can be continuously illuminated and the position of the microdroplets can, therefore, be controlled to diffraction limited resolution. The nanocomposite HARP device shows great potential for future on-chip applications.
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14
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Wang X, Yi L, Mukhitov N, Schrell AM, Dhumpa R, Roper MG. Microfluidics-to-mass spectrometry: a review of coupling methods and applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:98-116. [PMID: 25458901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer great advantages in integrating sample processes, minimizing sample and reagent volumes, and increasing analysis speed, while mass spectrometry detection provides high information content, is sensitive, and can be used in quantitative analyses. The coupling of microfluidic devices to mass spectrometers is becoming more common with the strengths of both systems being combined to analyze precious and complex samples. This review summarizes select achievements published between 2010 and July 2014 in novel coupling between microfluidic devices and mass spectrometers. The review is subdivided by the types of ionization sources employed, and the different microfluidic systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lian Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Nikita Mukhitov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Adrian M Schrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Raghuram Dhumpa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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15
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Hammarström B, Nilson B, Laurell T, Nilsson J, Ekström S. Acoustic Trapping for Bacteria Identification in Positive Blood Cultures with MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10560-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hammarström
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilson
- Clinical
Microbiology, Labmedicin, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medicinal Microbiology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Recent methodological advances in MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2261-78. [PMID: 24652146 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for characterization of large, thermally labile biomolecules. Advantages of this analytical technique are high sensitivity, robustness, high-throughput capacity, and applicability to a wide range of compound classes. For some years, MALDI-MS has also been increasingly used for mass spectrometric imaging as well as in other areas of clinical research. Recently, several new concepts have been presented that have the potential to further advance the performance characteristics of MALDI. Among these innovations are novel matrices with low proton affinities for particularly efficient protonation of analyte molecules, use of wavelength-tunable lasers to achieve optimum excitation conditions, and use of liquid matrices for improved quantification. Instrumental modifications have also made possible MALDI-MS imaging with cellular resolution as well as an efficient generation of multiply charged MALDI ions by use of heated vacuum interfaces. This article reviews these recent innovations and gives the author's personal outlook of possible future developments.
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17
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He X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Lin JM. Recent advances in microchip-mass spectrometry for biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Karabudak E. Micromachined silicon attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy: An emerging detection method in micro/nanofluidics. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:236-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Engin Karabudak
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group (MCS); MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; The Netherlands
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19
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Levy MH, Plawsky J, Cramer SM. Photopolymerized sol-gel monoliths for separations of glycosylated proteins and peptides in microfluidic chips. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2358-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam H. Levy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
| | - Joel Plawsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
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Lazar IM, Kabulski JL. Microfluidic LC device with orthogonal sample extraction for on-chip MALDI-MS detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2055-65. [PMID: 23592150 PMCID: PMC4123744 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device that enables on-chip matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) detection for liquid chromatography (LC) separations is described. The device comprises an array of functional elements to carry out LC separations, integrates a novel microchip-MS interface to facilitate the orthogonal transposition of the microfluidic LC channel into an array of reservoirs, and enables sensitive MALDI-MS detection directly from the chip. Essentially, the device provides a snapshot MALDI-MS map of the content of the separation channel present on the chip. The detection of proteins with biomarker potential from MCF10A breast epithelial cell extracts, and detection limits in the low fmol range, are demonstrated. In addition, the design of the novel LC-MALDI-MS chip entices the promotion of a new concept for performing sample separations within the limited time-frame that accompanies the dead-volume of a separation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia M Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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21
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Nge PN, Rogers CI, Woolley AT. Advances in microfluidic materials, functions, integration, and applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2550-83. [PMID: 23410114 PMCID: PMC3624029 DOI: 10.1021/cr300337x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela N. Nge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Chad I. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
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22
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Enzyme-immobilized reactors for rapid and efficient sample preparation in MS-based proteomic studies. Proteomics 2013; 13:457-66. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Liberal Arts Education Center; Tokai University; Minamiaso Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- Measurement Solution Research Center; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tosu Saga Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka Japan
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23
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Collier CM, Hill KA, Holzman JF. A dielectrophoresis microjet for on-chip technologies. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45242e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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24
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Mikkonen S, Rokhas MK, Jacksén J, Emmer A. Sample preconcentration in open microchannels combined with MALDI-MS. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3343-50. [PMID: 23086729 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a method for preconcentrating samples in 1 cm long, 50-150 μm wide open microchannels is presented. Platinum electrodes were positioned at the channel ends, voltage was applied, and charged analyte was preconcentrated at the oppositely charged side during continuous supply of sample. The preconcentration was initially studied in a closed system, where an influence on the analyte position from a pH gradient, generated by water electrolysis, was observed. In the open channel, the analyte distribution after preconcentration was evaluated using MALDI-MS with the channel as MALDI target. MALDI matrix was applied with an airbrush or by electrospray matrix deposition and by using the latter technique higher degrees of crystallization in the channels were obtained. After preconcentrating a 1 nM cytochrome c solution for 5 min, corresponding to a supplied amount of 1.25 fmol, a signal on the cathodic channel end could be detected. When a solution of cytochrome c trypsin digest was supplied, the peptides were preconcentrated at different positions along the channel depending on their charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Mikkonen
- Analytical Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Wunschel DS, Wahl KL, Melville AM, Sorensen CM, Colburn HA, Valentine NB, Stamper CL. Determination of post-culture processing with carbohydrates by MALDI-MS and TMS derivatization GC–MS. Talanta 2011; 85:2352-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Nonlinear Dual-Phase Multiplexing in Digital Microfluidic Architectures. MICROMACHINES 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/mi2040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Tian R, Hoa XD, Lambert JP, Pezacki JP, Veres T, Figeys D. Development of a multiplexed microfluidic proteomic reactor and its application for studying protein-protein interactions. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4095-102. [PMID: 21520965 DOI: 10.1021/ac200194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques have been very successful for the identification and study of protein-protein interactions. Typically, immunopurification of protein complexes is conducted, followed by protein separation by gel electrophoresis and in-gel protein digestion, and finally, mass spectrometry is performed to identify the interacting partners. However, the manual processing of the samples is time-consuming and error-prone. Here, we developed a polymer-based microfluidic proteomic reactor aimed at the parallel analysis of minute amounts of protein samples obtained from immunoprecipitation. The design of the proteomic reactor allows for the simultaneous processing of multiple samples on the same devices. Each proteomic reactor on the device consists of SCX beads packed and restricted into a 1 cm microchannel by two integrated pillar frits. The device is fabricated using a combination of low-cost hard cyclic olefin copolymer thermoplastic and elastomeric thermoplastic materials (styrene/(ethylene/butylenes)/styrene) using rapid hot-embossing replication techniques with a polymer-based stamp. Three immunopurified protein samples are simultaneously captured, reduced, alkylated, and digested on the device within 2-3 h instead of the days required for the conventional protein-protein interaction studies. The limit of detection of the microfluidic proteomic reactor was shown to be lower than 2 ng of protein. Furthermore, the application of the microfluidic proteomic reactor was demonstrated for the simultaneous processing of the interactome of the histone variant Htz1 in wild-type yeast and in a swr1Δ yeast strain compared to an untagged control using a novel three-channel microfluidic proteomic reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Tian
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, National Research Council, Boucherville, QC, Canada J4B 6Y4
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28
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Lee J, Soper SA, Murray KK. A solid-phase bioreactor with continuous sample deposition for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:693-699. [PMID: 21337630 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a solid-phase proteolytic digestion and continuous deposition microfluidic chip platform for low volume fraction collection and off-line matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Tryptic peptides were formed in an on-chip bioreactor and continuously deposited onto a MALDI target plate using a motor-driven xyz stage. The bioreactor consisted of a 4 cm × 200 µm × 50 µm microfluidic channel with covalently immobilized trypsin on an array of 50 µm diameter micropost structures with a 50 µm edge-to-edge inter-post spacing. A 50 µm i.d. capillary tube was directly attached to the end of the bioreactor for continuous sample deposition. The MALDI target plate was modified by spin-coating a nitrocellulose solution containing a MALDI matrix on the surface prior to effluent deposition. Protein molecular weight standards were used for evaluating the performance of the digestion and continuous deposition system. Serpentine sample traces 200 µm wide were obtained with a 30 fmol/mm quantity deposition rate and a 3.3 nL/mm volumetric deposition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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29
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Yang F, Li XC, Zhang W, Pan JB, Chen ZG. A facile light-emitting-diode induced fluorescence detector coupled to an integrated microfluidic device for microchip electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 84:1099-106. [PMID: 21530784 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a compact and inexpensive light emitting diode induced fluorescence (LED-IF) detector with simplified optical configuration was developed and assembled in an integrated microfluidic device for microscale electrophoresis. The facile detector mainly consisted of an LED, a focusing pinhole, an emission filter and a photodiode, and was encapsulated in the upper layer of an aluminum alloy device with two layers. At the bottom layer, integrated circuit (IC) was assembled to manipulate the voltage for sample injection and separation, LED emission and signal amplifying. A high-power LED with fan-shaped heat sink was used as excitation source. The excitation light was focused by a 1.1mm diameter pinhole fabricated in a thin piece of silver foil, and the obtained sensitivity was about 3 times as high as that using electrode plate. Other important parameters including LED driven current, fluorescence collection angle and detection distance have also been investigated. Under optimal conditions, considerable high-response of 0.09 fmol and 0.18 fmol mass detection limits at 0.37 nL injection volume for sodium fluorescein (SF) and FITC was achieved, respectively. This device has been successfully employed to separate penicillamine (PA) enantiomers. Due to such significant features as low-cost, integration, miniaturization, and ease of commercialization, the presented microfluidic device may hold great promise for clinical diagnostics and bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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30
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Jönsson-Niedziółka M, Lapierre F, Coffinier Y, Parry SJ, Zoueshtiagh F, Foat T, Thomy V, Boukherroub R. EWOD driven cleaning of bioparticles on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:490-6. [PMID: 21103534 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air monitoring is of great interest due to the large number of people concerned and exposed to different possible risks. From the most common particles in our environment (e.g. by-products of combustion or pollens) to more specific and dangerous agents (e.g. pathogenic micro-organisms), there are a large range of particles that need to be controlled. In this article we propose an original study on the collection of electrostatically deposited particles using electrowetting droplet displacement. A variety of particles were studied, from synthetic particles (e.g. Polystyrene Latex (PSL) microsphere) to different classes of biological particle (proteins, bacterial spores and a viral simulant). Furthermore, we have compared ElectroWetting-On-Dielectric (EWOD) collecting efficiency using either a hydrophobic or a superhydrophobic counter electrode. We observe different cleaning efficiencies, depending on the hydrophobicity of the substrate (varying from 45% to 99%). Superhydrophobic surfaces show the best cleaning efficiency with water droplets for all investigated particles (MS2 bacteriophage, BG (Bacillus atrophaeus) spores, OA (ovalbumin) proteins, and PSL).
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31
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Jun SH, Chang MS, Kim BC, An HJ, Lopez-Ferrer D, Zhao R, Smith RD, Lee SW, Kim J. Trypsin coatings on electrospun and alcohol-dispersed polymer nanofibers for a trypsin digestion column. Anal Chem 2011; 82:7828-34. [PMID: 20718428 DOI: 10.1021/ac101633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a trypsin column for rapid and efficient protein digestion in proteomics is described. Electrospun and alcohol-dispersed polymer nanofibers were used for the fabrication of highly stable trypsin coatings, which were prepared by a two-step process of covalent attachment and enzyme cross-linking. In a comparative study with the trypsin coatings on as-spun and nondispersed nanofibers, it has been observed that a simple step of alcohol dispersion improved not only the enzyme loading but also the performance of protein digestion. In-column digestion of enolase was successfully performed in less than 20 min. By applying the alcohol dispersion of polymer nanofibers, the bypass of samples was reduced by filling up the column with well-dispersed nanofibers, and subsequently, interactions between the protein and the trypsin coatings were improved, yielding more complete and reproducible digestions. Regardless of alcohol dispersion or not, trypsin coatings showed better digestion performance and improved performance stability under recycled uses than covalently attached trypsin, in-solution digestion, and commercial trypsin beads. The combination of highly stable trypsin coatings and alcohol dispersion of polymer nanofibers has opened up a new potential to develop a trypsin column for online and automated protein digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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32
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Yeo LY, Chang HC, Chan PPY, Friend JR. Microfluidic devices for bioapplications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:12-48. [PMID: 21072867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the ability to precisely and reproducibly actuate fluids and manipulate bioparticles such as DNA, cells, and molecules at the microscale, microfluidics is a powerful tool that is currently revolutionizing chemical and biological analysis by replicating laboratory bench-top technology on a miniature chip-scale device, thus allowing assays to be carried out at a fraction of the time and cost while affording portability and field-use capability. Emerging from a decade of research and development in microfluidic technology are a wide range of promising laboratory and consumer biotechnological applications from microscale genetic and proteomic analysis kits, cell culture and manipulation platforms, biosensors, and pathogen detection systems to point-of-care diagnostic devices, high-throughput combinatorial drug screening platforms, schemes for targeted drug delivery and advanced therapeutics, and novel biomaterials synthesis for tissue engineering. The developments associated with these technological advances along with their respective applications to date are reviewed from a broad perspective and possible future directions that could arise from the current state of the art are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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33
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Salim M, McArthur SL, Vaidyanathan S, Wright PC. Towards proteomics-on-chip: The role of the surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:101-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c005236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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34
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Careri M, Mangia A. Trends in analytical atomic and molecular mass spectrometry in biology and the life sciences. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:2585-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Szita N, Polizzi K, Jaccard N, Baganz F. Microfluidic approaches for systems and synthetic biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:517-23. [PMID: 20829028 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems miniaturise biological experimentation leading to reduced sample volume, analysis time and cost. Recent innovations have allowed the application of -omics approaches on the microfluidic scale. It is now possible to perform 1.5 million PCR reactions simultaneously, obtain transcriptomic data from as little as 150 cells (as few as 2 transcripts per gene of interest) and perform mass-spectrometric analyses online. For synthetic biology, unit operations have been developed that allow de novo construction of synthetic systems from oligonucleotide synthesis through to high-throughput, high efficiency electroporation of single cells or encapsulation into abiotic chassis enabling the processing of thousands of synthetic organisms per hour. Future directions include a push towards integrating more processes into a single device and replacing off-chip analyses where possible.
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36
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Felhofer JL, Blanes L, Garcia CD. Recent developments in instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis and microchip-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2469-86. [PMID: 20665910 PMCID: PMC2928674 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there has been an explosion in the number of developments and applications of CE and microchip-CE. In part, this growth has been the direct consequence of recent developments in instrumentation associated with CE. This review, which is focused on the contributions published in the last 5 years, is intended to complement the articles presented in this special issue dedicated to instrumentation and to provide an overview of the general trends and some of the most remarkable developments published in the areas of high-voltage power supplies, detectors, auxiliary components, and compact systems. It also includes a few examples of alternative uses of and modifications to traditional CE instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Felhofer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
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37
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M, Maeda H. Proteolysis approach without chemical modification for a simple and rapid analysis of disulfide bonds using thermostable protease-immobilized microreactors. Proteomics 2010; 10:2942-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Wei H, Li H, Gao D, Lin JM. Multi-channel microfluidic devices combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry applied to the monitoring of glutamate release from neuronal cells. Analyst 2010; 135:2043-50. [PMID: 20526497 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an integrated system combining microfluidic devices with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS) for monitoring cellular chemical release. To demonstrate the feasibility of this new system, the reported carnosine-protection process against Abeta42-induced glutamate released from PC12 cells, was monitored. Poly-L-lysine coated microchannels were used to culture cells. A multi-channel miniature extraction chip (MEC) was integrated into the design to remove salts and protein interference effects. ESI-Q-TOF-MS was employed to realize semi-quantitative and highly sensitive qualitative analysis. The protective effect of carnosine against Abeta42-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated under different conditions in microchannels in parallel. The secretion product analysis, carried out by ESI-Q-TOF-MS, was accomplished in 5 min using only 2.5 microL of solvent. Furthermore, we show that integrated microfluidic devices have significant potential for the analysis of cellular secretions, as well as for medical screening tests and for the diagnosis of specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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39
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Lee J, Soper SA, Murray KK. Development of an efficient on-chip digestion system for protein analysis using MALDI-TOF MS. Analyst 2009; 134:2426-33. [PMID: 19918612 DOI: 10.1039/b916556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase trypsin microreactor was constructed and operated with electrokinetically-driven flow for the digestion of proteins and coupled off-line with MALDI-TOF MS. The bioreactor was fabricated from poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, by hot embossing using a mold master prepared by micro-milling. The solid-phase bioreactor consisted of a 4 cm long, 200 microm wide, and 50 microm deep microfluidic channel that was populated with an array of 50 microm diameter micropost structures with a 50 microm inter-post spacing. The bioreactor was prepared by covalently attaching the proteolytic enzyme, trypsin, to the UV-modified surface of the PMMA microstructures using the appropriate coupling reagents. The performance of the system was evaluated using a set of proteins. The bioreactor provided efficient digestion of cytochrome c at a field strength of 375 V/cm, producing a reaction time of approximately 20 s to produce 97% sequence coverage for protein identification. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), phosphorylase b, and beta-casein were also assessed and the sequence coverages were 46, 63, and 79%, respectively, using the same reactor residence time. Furthermore, Escherichia coli was used as a model to demonstrate the feasibility of fingerprint analysis for intact cells using this solid-phase bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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