1
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Microextraction based on liquid-solid phase transition of benzoic acid: Extraction of statins from human urine followed by chromatographic analysis. Talanta 2024; 266:125088. [PMID: 37625289 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a microextraction method was reported based on the liquid-solid phase transition of benzoic acid to quantify two statins, namely lovastatin and simvastatin in authentic human urine. The principle of the method is based on the phase transition of benzoic acid by altering the pH of the sample solution enabling efficient dispersion and phase separation in one step. Due to the moderate melting point of benzoic acid, its solidification is performed at ambient temperature without the need for sample cooling. Various experimental parameters that affect the performance of the analytes (i.e. extractant type and its concentration, acid type and concentration, and sample volume) have been examined and optimized. The method was validated based on the total error concept. For this purpose, accuracy profiles were constructed in the concentration range of 100-5000 ng mL-1 while β-expectation tolerance intervals fell within ±15% demonstrating that 95% of future results will not exceed the defined bias limits. The intra-day and inter-day method precision was less than 4.7% and 4.3% for both analytes, while the limit of detection was 15 ng mL-1 for both analytes. It was also proved that the usage of benzoic acid is advantageous in minimizing the potential inter-conversion of the analytes during the acidification step of the extraction procedure. The green potential of the proposed analytical scheme was examined based on Green Analytical Procedure index. The proposed sample pretreatment technique proved to be a valuable tool offering selectivity and rapidness. The developed method was used for the analysis of real human urine obtained after the administration of statin-based pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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2
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Shi D, Feng XS. Sweeteners in food samples: An update on pretreatment and analysis techniques since 2015. Food Chem 2023; 408:135248. [PMID: 36571882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sweeteners play an irreplaceable role in daily life and have been found in multitudinous food products. However, excessive or unreasonable intake of sweeteners as food additives brings about untoward problems due to the accumulation in the human body. Therefore, a comprehensive review of different sweeteners' pretreatment and determination methods is urgently needed. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the progress of different pretreatment and detection methods for sweeteners in various food, focusing on the latest development since 2015. Current state-of-the-art technologies, such as headspace single-drop microextraction, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, solid-phase microextraction, two-dimensional liquid chromatography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, are thoroughly discussed. The advantages, disadvantages, critical comments, and future perspectives are also proposed. This review is expected to provide rewarding insights into the future development and broad application of pretreatment and detection methods for sweeteners in different food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Du Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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3
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Hammad SF, Abdallah IA, Bedair A, Mansour FR. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction as an alternative sample preparation technique for biomedical analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:185-209. [PMID: 34472701 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique of sample preparation in biomedical analysis. In spite of the high pre-concentration capacities of liquid-liquid extraction, it suffers from a number of limitations including time and effort consumption, large organic solvent utilization, and poor performance in highly polar analytes. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is an alternative sample preparation technique that overcomes some drawbacks of conventional liquid-liquid extraction, and allows employing greener organic solvents in sample treatment. In homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction, a homogeneous phase is formed between the aqueous sample and the water-miscible extractant, followed by chemically or physically induced phase separation. To form the homogeneous phase, aqueous samples are mixed with water-miscible organic solvents, water-immiscible solvents/cosolvents, surfactants, or smart polymers. Then, phase separation is induced chemically (adding salt, sugar, or buffer) or physically (changing temperature or pH). This mode is rapid, sustainable, and cost-effective in comparison with other sample preparation techniques. Moreover, homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is more suitable for the extraction of delicate macromolecules such as enzymes, hormones, and proteins and it is more compatible with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, which is a vital technique in metabolomics and proteomics. In this review, the principle, types, applications, automation, and technical aspects of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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4
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Li M, Wang H, Huan X, Cao N, Guan H, Zhang H, Cheng X, Wang C. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS bioanalysis of alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in rat plasma through salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction after oral administration of extract from Tetradium ruticarpum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis: a sample preparation strategy to broaden analyte coverage of herbal medicines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5871-5884. [PMID: 34331552 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have historically been practiced in combinatorial way, which achieves therapeutic efficacy by integrative effects of multi-components. Thus, the accurate and precise measurement of multi bioactive components in matrices is inalienable to understanding the metabolism and disposition of herbal medicines. In this study, aiming to provide a strategy that improves analyte coverage, evaluation of six protocols employing sample pretreatment methods- protein precipitation (PPT), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), sugaring-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SULLE), and salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE)- was performed by LC-MS/MS using rat plasma and a mixture of alkaloid (evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine), terpenoid (limonin, rutaevin, obacunone), and flavonoid (liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin) standards isolated from Tetradium ruticarpum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. These protocols were as follows: (1) PPT with methanol, (2) PPT with acetonitrile, (3) LLE with methyl tertiary-butyl ether-dichloromethane, (4) LLE with ethyl acetate-n-butanol, (5) SALLE with ammonium acetate, (6) SULLE with glucose. The results suggested that SALLE produced broader analyte coverage with satisfactory reproducibility, acceptable recovery, and low matrix interference. Then, sample preparation procedure of SALLE, chromatographic conditions, and mass spectrometric parameters were optimized, followed by method validation, showing that good sensitivity (LLOQ ≤ 1 ng mL-1), linearity (r ≥ 0.9933), precision (RSD ≤ 14.45%), accuracy (89.54~110.87%), and stability could be achieved. Next, the developed method was applied successfully to determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of the nine compounds in rat plasma after intragastric administration with an extract from Tetradium ruticarpum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Wuzhuyu-Gancao pair). Based on an extensive review and experiments, a sample preparation procedure that matches with LC-MS/MS technique and can get wider analyte coverage was outlined. The developed SALLE method is rapid, reliable, and suitable for bioanalysis of analytes with diverse polarity, which was expected to be a promising strategy for the pharmacokinetic studies of herbal medicines. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaohan Huan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Salting-out induced liquid-liquid microextraction for alogliptin benzoate determination in human plasma by HPLC/UV. BMC Chem 2021; 15:2. [PMID: 33451337 PMCID: PMC7809805 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Salting-out induced liquid–liquid microextraction method has been developed for plasma sample treatment before determination of alogliptin by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Several parameters were optimized to achieve maximum enrichment, including type of extractant, volume of extractant, type of anion, type of cation, salt amount and pH. The optimum conditions were attained using 500 µL of acetonitrile, added to 1 mL of aqueous sample containing 250 mg of sodium chloride at pH 12. An RP-HPLC method was developed and validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines M10. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 to 50 µg/mL (correlation coefficient = 0.997). The limit of detection was 0.019 µg/mL and limit of quantitation was 0.06 µg/mL. The method was accurate and precise with an average % recovery of 99.7% and a % relative standard deviation ranging between 1.5 and 2.5. These results showed that the salting-out induced liquid–liquid microextraction methods could be better than other sample preparation protocols in terms of sensitivity, easiness, solvent consumption and waste reduction.
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6
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Pasupuleti RR, Gurrani S, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK. Novel Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Technique for Environmental, Food, and Biological Samples Analysis Applications: A Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411017999201228212537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Sample preparation has gained significant recognition in the chemical analysis workflow. Substantial efforts have been made to simplify the comprehensive process of sample preparation that is focused on green sample preparation methodology, including the miniaturization of extraction method, elimination of the sample pre-treatment as well as the post-treatment steps, elimination of toxic as well as hazardous organic solvent consumption, reduction in sample volume requirements, reducing the extraction time, maximization of the extraction efficiency and possible automation.
Methods::
Among various microextraction processes, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is most abundantly used in the extraction of the target analytes. The salting-out phenomenon has been introduced into the LPME procedure and has been raised as a new technique called the ‘Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (SALLME)’. The principle is based on decreasing the solubility of less polar solvent or analyte with an increase in the concentration of the salt in aqueous solution leading to two-phase separation.
Conclusion::
SALLME proved to be a simple, rapid, and cost-effective sample preparation technique for the efficient extraction and preconcentration of organic and inorganic contaminants from various sample matrices, including environmental, biological, and food samples. SALLME exhibits higher extraction efficiency and recovery and compatible with multiple analytical instruments. This review provides an overview of developments in SALLME technique and its applications to till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Nano and Green Analytical Lab, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City-807,, Taiwan
| | - Swapnil Gurrani
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City-807,, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Nano and Green Analytical Lab, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City-807,, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City-804,, Taiwan
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7
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Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV, Gorbunova MV, Tolmacheva VV, Zolotov YA. Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Organic Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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van der Laan T, Dubbelman AC, Duisters K, Kindt A, Harms AC, Hankemeier T. High-Throughput Fractionation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Improved Quantitation in Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14330-14338. [PMID: 33054161 PMCID: PMC7871441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Metabolomics is emerging as an important field in life sciences. However, a weakness of
current mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomics platforms is the time-consuming
analysis and the occurrence of severe matrix effects in complex mixtures. To overcome
this problem, we have developed an automated and fast fractionation module coupled
online to MS. The fractionation is realized by the implementation of three consecutive
high performance solid-phase extraction columns consisting of a reversed phase,
mixed-mode anion exchange, and mixed-mode cation exchange sorbent chemistry. The
different chemistries resulted in an efficient interaction with a wide range of
metabolites based on polarity, charge, and allocation of important matrix interferences
like salts and phospholipids. The use of short columns and direct solvent switches
allowed for fast screening (3 min per polarity). In total, 50 commonly reported
diagnostic or explorative biomarkers were validated with a limit of quantification that
was comparable with conventional LC–MS(/MS). In comparison with a flow injection
analysis without fractionation, ion suppression decreased from 89% to 25%, and the
sensitivity was 21 times higher. The validated method was used to investigate the
effects of circadian rhythm and food intake on several metabolite classes. The
significant diurnal changes that were observed stress the importance of standardized
sampling times and fasting states when metabolite biomarkers are used. Our method
demonstrates a fast approach for global profiling of the metabolome. This brings
metabolomics one step closer to implementation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van der Laan
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Duisters
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C Harms
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Ge D, Liu R. Extraction of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene and purification the fast food noodle samples using a novel acid–base-induced cloud point extraction and magnetic solid-phase extraction prior to HPLC. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1586728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Yunnan key laboratory of food-safety testing technology
| | - Dandan Ge
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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10
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Liu YD, Xin GZ, Li W, Liu FJ, Yao ZP, Di X. A novel liquid-liquid-solid microextraction strategy for bio-sample preparation by in situ self-assembly of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 on hollow fiber membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1095:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Measurement of ultra-trace level of intact oxytocin in plasma using SALLE combined with nano-LC–MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 173:62-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Pasupuleti RR, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK. A fast and sensitive analytical procedure for monitoring of synthetic pyrethroid pesticides' metabolites in environmental water samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Ali I, Suhail M, Alharbi OML, Hussain I. Advances in sample preparation in chromatography for organic environmental pollutants analyses. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1579739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Suhail
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Ahmed OS, Ladner Y, Montels J, Philibert L, Perrin C. Coupling of salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction with on-line stacking for the analysis of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human plasma by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1579:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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PH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography with a hydrophilic organic/salt-containing two-phase solvent system for preparative separation of polar alkaloids from natural products. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1553:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Alshishani A, Salhimi SM, Saad B. Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the determination of biguanides in biological and environmental samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1073:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Akram S, Sultana B, Asi MR, Mushtaq M. Salting-out-assisted liquid–liquid extraction and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic monitoring of thiacloprid in fruits and vegetables. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1417317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafique Asi
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Ali I, Hussain A, Alajmi MF. SPMMTE and Q-TOF–UPLC–MS for monitoring of atenolol and atorvastatin in human plasma using pentafluoro phenyl column. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1357573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Fahad Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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19
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Park HJ, Jung MY. One step salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction followed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the analysis of isoflavones in soy milk. Food Chem 2017; 229:797-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Moltó JC, Mañes J, Berrada H. Development of microextraction techniques in combination with GC-MS/MS for the determination of mycotoxins and metabolites in human urine. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1572-1582. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Moltó
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Jordi Mañes
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Houda Berrada
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
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21
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Patel M, Kothari C. Critical review of statins: A bio-analytical perspective for therapeutic drug monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Campos-Martorell M, Cano-Sarabia M, Simats A, Hernández-Guillamon M, Rosell A, Maspoch D, Montaner J. Charge effect of a liposomal delivery system encapsulating simvastatin to treat experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3035-48. [PMID: 27418824 PMCID: PMC4935044 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the beneficial effects of statins on stroke have been widely demonstrated both in experimental studies and in clinical trials, the aim of this study is to prepare and characterize a new liposomal delivery system that encapsulates simvastatin to improve its delivery into the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to select the optimal liposome lipid composition with the highest capacity to reach the brain, male Wistar rats were submitted to sham or transitory middle cerebral arterial occlusion (MCAOt) surgery and treated (intravenous [IV]) with fluorescent-labeled liposomes with different net surface charges. Ninety minutes after the administration of liposomes, the brain, blood, liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys were evaluated ex vivo using the Xenogen IVIS(®) Spectrum imaging system to detect the load of fluorescent liposomes. In a second substudy, simvastatin was assessed upon reaching the brain, comparing free and encapsulated simvastatin (IV) administration. For this purpose, simvastatin levels in brain homogenates from sham or MCAOt rats at 2 hours or 4 hours after receiving the treatment were detected through ultra-high-protein liquid chromatography. RESULTS Whereas positively charged liposomes were not detected in brain or plasma 90 minutes after their administration, neutral and negatively charged liposomes were able to reach the brain and accumulate specifically in the infarcted area. Moreover, neutral liposomes exhibited higher bioavailability in plasma 4 hours after being administered. The detection of simvastatin by ultra-high-protein liquid chromatography confirmed its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, when administered either as a free drug or encapsulated into liposomes. CONCLUSION This study confirms that liposome charge is critical to promote its accumulation in the brain infarct after MCAOt. Furthermore, simvastatin can be delivered after being encapsulated. Thus, simvastatin encapsulation might be a promising strategy to ensure that the drug reaches the brain, while increasing its bioavailability and reducing possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Campos-Martorell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Munaga SB, Valluru RK, Bonga PBR, Rao VS, Sharma HK. Development and Validation of an LC-MS-MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Simvastatin, Simvastatin Acid and Ezetimibe in Human Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in the Indian Population. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:985-96. [PMID: 27048644 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple, selective, sensitive and high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of simvastatin (SS), simvastatin acid (SSA, active metabolite of SS) and ezetimibe (EZM) in K2 EDTA containing human plasma, using simvastatin D6, simvastatin acid D3 and ezetimibe D4 as internal standards (ISTDs), respectively. A volume of plasma sample of only 400 µL was processed by the solid phase extraction technique; then 20 µL of processed sample was run on a Phenomenex, Kinetix XB C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm column using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 4.0 ± 0.3): acetonitrile (27 : 73, v/v) with a run time of 6.3 min. The precursor and product ions of SSA, EZM and their ISTDs were monitored on a triple quadrupole instrument operated in the negative ionization mode, and SS was monitored in the positive mode. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.2-80 ng/mL for SS, 0.1-60 ng/mL for SSA and 0.05-15 ng/mL for EZM. The method has been successfully applied in clinical pharmacokinetic study in the Indian population. The Cmax, AUC0-inf and Tmax values obtained in our study were 10.61 ± 5.287, 77.58 ± 29.367 and 1.62 ± 0.436 for EZM; 69.74 ± 45.274, 190.71 ± 107.271 and 1.74 ± 0.480 for SS; and 25.36 ± 23.576, 139.24 ± 131.653 and 3.95 ± 0.671 for SSA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Munaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, J.N.T. University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500072, India Axis Clinicals Limited, 1-121/1, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | | | | | - V Sumathi Rao
- Aurobindo Pharma Research Center, Bachupalli, Hyderabad, India
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Hasunuma T, Tohkin M, Kaniwa N, Jang IJ, Yimin C, Kaneko M, Saito Y, Takeuchi M, Watanabe H, Yamazoe Y, Uyama Y, Kawai S. Absence of ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin, simvastatin, and meloxicam among three East Asian populations and Caucasians. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:1078-90. [PMID: 26774055 PMCID: PMC4876172 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine whether strict control of clinical trial conditions could reduce apparent differences of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters among ethnic groups. Methods Open‐label, single dose PK studies of moxifloxacin, simvastatin and meloxicam were conducted in healthy male subjects from three East Asian populations (Japanese, Chinese and Koreans) and one Caucasian population as a control. These three drugs were selected because differences in PK parameters have been reported, even though the backgrounds of these East Asian populations are similar. Moxifloxacin (400 mg) was administered orally to 20 subjects, and plasma and urine levels of moxifloxacin and its metabolite (M2) were measured. Simvastatin (20 mg) was given to 40 subjects, and plasma levels of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were measured. Meloxicam (7.5 mg) was given to 30 subjects and its plasma concentration was determined. Intrinsic factors (polymorphism of UGT1A1 for moxifloxacin, SLCO1B1 for simvastatin, and CYP2C9 for meloxicam) were also examined. Results AUCinf values for moxifloxacin, simvastatin and meloxicam showed no significant differences among the East Asian groups. Cmax values of moxifloxacin and simvastatin, but not meloxicam, showed significant differences. There were no significant differences of data for M2 or simvastatin acid. Genetic analysis identified significant differences in the frequencies of relevant polymorphisms, but these differences did not affect the PK parameters observed. Conclusions Although there were some differences in PK parameters among the three East Asian groups, the present study performed under strictly controlled conditions did not reproduce the major ethnic differences observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hasunuma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedical Research Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tohkin
- Department of Regulatory Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kaniwa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cui Yimin
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Masaru Kaneko
- SNBL Clinical Pharmacology Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamazoe
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uyama
- Analysis Division, Office of Safety I, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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van Haandel L, Gibson KT, Leeder JS, Wagner JB. Quantification of pravastatin acid, lactone and isomers in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pediatric pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:169-77. [PMID: 26849185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitation of pravastatin and major metabolites, 3'α-hydroxy-pravastatin, pravalactone and 3'α-hydroxy-pravalactone, in human plasma has been developed and validated. Aliquots of (100μL) plasma in EDTA were diluted in pH 4.5 (0.1M buffer) to stabilize the analytes and subjected to hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) solid phase extraction on 96 well μelution plates. Extracted samples were evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in pH 4.5 buffer. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Cortecs™ C18 column (2.1×100mm, 1.8μm), using gradient elution with a blend of acetonitrile and 10mM methylammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Mass spectrometric detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) switching between positive/negative electrospay ionization (ESI). Pravastatin, 3'α-hydroxy-pravastatin, and internal standards [(2)H3]-pravastatin, and [(2)H3]-3'α-hydroxy-pravastatin were monitored in negative ESI mode at ion transitions m/z 423.2→321.1 and 426.2→321.1, respectively. Positive ESI mode was used for the detection of pravalactone, 3'α-hydroxy-pravalactone, and internal standards [(2)H3]-pravalactone, and [(2)H3]-3'α-hydroxy-pravalactone at ion transitions m/z 438.2→183.1 and 441.2→269.1 respectively. The method was linear for all analytes in the concentration range 0.5-200nM with intra- and inter-day precisions (as relative standard deviation) of ≤5.2% and accuracy (as relative error) of ≤8.0% at all quality control levels. The method was successfully applied to the investigation of pharmacokinetic properties of pravastatin and its metabolites in children after an oral dose of 20-40mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon van Haandel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States.
| | - Kim T Gibson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Jonathan B Wagner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States; Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
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Nanita SC, Kaldon LG. Emerging flow injection mass spectrometry methods for high-throughput quantitative analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:23-33. [PMID: 26670771 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Where does flow injection analysis mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) stand relative to ambient mass spectrometry (MS) and chromatography-MS? Improvements in FIA-MS methods have resulted in fast-expanding uses of this technique. Key advantages of FIA-MS over chromatography-MS are fast analysis (typical run time <60 s) and method simplicity, and FIA-MS offers high-throughput without compromising sensitivity, precision and accuracy as much as ambient MS techniques. Consequently, FIA-MS is increasingly becoming recognized as a suitable technique for applications where quantitative screening of chemicals needs to be performed rapidly and reliably. The FIA-MS methods discussed herein have demonstrated quantitation of diverse analytes, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds, at levels ranging from parts-per-billion (ppb) to parts-per-million (ppm) in very complex matrices (such as blood, urine, and a variety of foods of plant and animal origin), allowing successful applications of the technique in clinical diagnostics, metabolomics, environmental sciences, toxicology, and detection of adulterated/counterfeited goods. The recent boom in applications of FIA-MS for high-throughput quantitative analysis has been driven in part by (1) the continuous improvements in sensitivity and selectivity of MS instrumentation, (2) the introduction of novel sample preparation procedures compatible with standalone mass spectrometric analysis such as salting out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) with volatile solutes and NH4(+) QuEChERS, and (3) the need to improve efficiency of laboratories to satisfy increasing analytical demand while lowering operational cost. The advantages and drawbacks of quantitative analysis by FIA-MS are discussed in comparison to chromatography-MS and ambient MS (e.g., DESI, LAESI, DART). Generally, FIA-MS sits 'in the middle' between ambient MS and chromatography-MS, offering a balance between analytical capability and sample analysis throughput suitable for broad applications in life sciences, agricultural chemistry, consumer safety, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Nanita
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE, 19714, USA.
| | - Laura G Kaldon
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE, 19714, USA
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Abstract
Salt-assisted LLE (SALLE) has been attracting growing interest in bioanalysis. The technique is particularly advantageous due to its simple and fast experimental execution using conventional laboratory equipment. Besides, SALLE uses water-miscible organic solvents making the extracts readily compatible with various analytical separation and detection techniques. This article presents a brief overview of the extraction technique and its role in bioanalysis. Some of the most relevant achievements on SALLE application to biological samples are discussed - namely the study of the main extraction parameters, the combination with other extraction techniques and the instrumental analysis of the extracts. Developments on automation, miniaturization and microextraction for SALLE procedures are also discussed as a perspective for future applications even more attractive for the analysis of biological samples.
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28
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Yang Y, Xu Q, Zhou L, Zhong D, Chen X. High-throughput salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin, and para-hydroxyatorvastatin in human plasma using ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1026-34. [PMID: 25581027 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput, specific, and rapid liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and its two major metabolites, ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin and para-hydroxyatorvastatin, in human plasma. A simple salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction using acetonitrile and a mass-spectrometry-friendly salt, ammonium acetate, was employed to extract the analytes from human plasma. A recovery of more than 81% for all analytes was achieved in 1 min extraction time. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex XB C18 column utilizing a gradient elution starting with a 60% of water solution (1% formic acid), followed by increasing percentages of acetonitrile. Analytes were detected on a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source that was operated in the positive mode, using the transitions of m/z 559.3 → m/z 440.2 for atorvastatin, and m/z 575.3 → m/z 440.2 for both ortho- and para-hydroxyatorvastatin. Deuterium-labeled compounds were used as the internal standards. The method was validated over the concentration ranges of 0.0200-15.0 ng/mL for atorvastatin and ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin, and 0.0100-2.00 ng/mL for para-hydroxyatorvastatin with acceptable accuracy and precision. It was then successfully applied in a bioequivalence study of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Xiong X, Zhang L, Cheng L, Mao W. High-throughput salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile for the determination of anandamide in plasma of hemodialysis patients with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1317-24. [PMID: 25622579 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong 510120 People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Cheng
- Department of Nephrology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Nephrology; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong 510120 People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhang H, Li S, Liu X, Yuan F, Liang Y, Shi Z. Determination of Five Anthraquinone Derivatives in Sticky Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines by Subzero-Temperature Liquid–Liquid Extraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.922474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , China
- b Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding , China
| | - Shasha Li
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Xiaozhe Liu
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Yuhuan Liang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , China
- b Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding , China
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Shi Z, Li Z, Qiu L, Sun M, Zhang D, Zhang H. Sugaring-Out Assisted Liquid/Liquid Extraction Coupled with HPLC for the Analysis of Honokiol and Magnolol in Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula Huoxiang-Zhengqi Oral Liquid. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.962147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingna Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Menghua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Jain D, Athawale R, Bajaj A, Shrikhande S. Double-salting out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) HPLC method for estimation of temozolomide from biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 970:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Babcook MA, Shukla S, Fu P, Vazquez EJ, Puchowicz MA, Molter JP, Oak CZ, MacLennan GT, Flask CA, Lindner DJ, Parker Y, Daneshgari F, Gupta S. Synergistic simvastatin and metformin combination chemotherapy for osseous metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2288-302. [PMID: 25122066 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel chemotherapy remains a standard of care for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Docetaxel modestly increases survival, yet results in frequent occurrence of side effects and resistant disease. An alternate chemotherapy with greater efficacy and minimal side effects is needed. Acquisition of metabolic aberrations promoting increased survival and metastasis in CRPC cells includes constitutive activation of Akt, loss of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity due to Ser-485/491 phosphorylation, and overexpression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR). We report that combination of simvastatin and metformin, within pharmacologic dose range (500 nmol/L to 4 μmol/L simvastatin and 250 μmol/L to 2 mmol/L metformin), significantly and synergistically reduces C4-2B3/B4 CRPC cell viability and metastatic properties, with minimal adverse effects on normal prostate epithelial cells. Combination of simvastatin and metformin decreased Akt Ser-473 and Thr-308 phosphorylation and AMPKα Ser-485/491 phosphorylation; increased Thr-172 phosphorylation and AMPKα activity, as assessed by increased Ser-79 and Ser-872 phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and HMG-CoAR, respectively; decreased HMG-CoAR activity; and reduced total cellular cholesterol and its synthesis in both cell lines. Studies of C4-2B4 orthotopic NCr-nu/nu mice further demonstrated that combination of simvastatin and metformin (3.5-7.0 μg/g body weight simvastatin and 175-350 μg/g body weight metformin) daily by oral gavage over a 9-week period significantly inhibited primary ventral prostate tumor formation, cachexia, bone metastasis, and biochemical failure more effectively than 24 μg/g body weight docetaxel intraperitoneally injected every 3 weeks, 7.0 μg/g/day simvastatin, or 350 μg/g/day metformin treatment alone, with significantly less toxicity and mortality than docetaxel, establishing combination of simvastatin and metformin as a promising chemotherapeutic alternative for metastatic CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Babcook
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, and The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, and The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edwin J Vazquez
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Analytical and Metabolic Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Analytical and Metabolic Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph P Molter
- Imaging Research Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christine Z Oak
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Chris A Flask
- Imaging Research Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Lindner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yvonne Parker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, and The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, and The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Wang J, Ouyang J, Liu Y, Jia X, You S, He X, Di X. Development of a sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of bilobalide in rat plasma with special consideration of ex vivo bilobalide stability: Application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 95:238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xiong X, Yang L. Salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile for the determination of trimetazidine in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:268-74. [PMID: 24954771 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughout bioanalytical method based on salting-out-assisted liquid/liquid extraction (SALLE) method with acetonitrile and mass spectrometry-compatible salts followed by LC-MS/MS analysis of trimetazidine in rat plasma is presented. It required only 50 μL of plasma and allows the use of minimal volumes of organic solvents. The seamless interface of SALLE and LC-MS eliminated the drying-down step and the extract was diluted and injected into an LC-MS/MS system with a cycle time of 2.5 min/sample. The retention times of trimetazidine and IS were approximately 1.1 and 1.7 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.1-100 ng/mL, which can be extended to 500 ng/mL by dilution. The intra- and inter-batch precision, accuracy and the relative standard deviation were all <15%. This method was successfully applied to determine trimetazidine concentrations in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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Zhao L, Zhao P, Wang L, Ma X, Hou X, Li F. A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of a floating organic drop combined with HPLC for the determination of lovastatin and simvastatin in rat urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:895-900. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Linli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Famei Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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37
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Sereshti H, Khosraviani M, Sadegh Amini-Fazl M. Miniaturized salting-out liquid–liquid extraction in a coupled-syringe system combined with HPLC–UV for extraction and determination of sulfanilamide. Talanta 2014; 121:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El-Bagary RI, Elkady EF, Fouad MA, El-Sherif ZA, Kadry AM, Ayoub BM. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-LC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SITAGLIPTIN AND SIMVASTATIN IN THE PRESENCE OF THEIR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN BULK DRUG MIXTURE AND COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzia I. El-Bagary
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ehab F. Elkady
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. Kadry
- b National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR) , Giza , Egypt
| | - Bassam M. Ayoub
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , British University in Egypt , El-Sherouk City , Egypt
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39
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Abstract
The problem of sample diluent in bioanalytical LC–MS is reviewed with a special focus on large-volume injections and non-miscible solvents with mobile phase components. These issues are related to the sample preparation approach, which in many instances provides the sample diluent before injecting this into the chromatographic column. The sample volume influences the quantitation limit of the chromatographic method, while its nature may influence the retention process of the injected analytes. The literature reports a few papers that are focused on alternative sample diluents in bioanalytical LC–MS that are generally non-miscible with mobile phase. The principle of this approach and some of its current bioanalytical applications from literature are discussed. However, more applications and more publications from HPLC users and vendors are expected in this field, which could prove its analytical importance and potential in bioanalysis.
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40
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Li T, Zhang L, Tong L, Liao Q. High-throughput salting-out-assisted homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile for determination of baicalin in rat plasma with high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:648-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine; Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine; Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Tianjin Tasly Group Co. Ltd; Tianjin 300410 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine; Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
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41
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Jiménez JJ. Simultaneous liquid–liquid extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction as a sample preparation method to determine acidic contaminants in river water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 116:678-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Hammouda MEA, Abu El-Enin MA, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Wasseef DR, El-Ashry SM. Microemulsion liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and ezetimibe in their combined dosage forms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:132836. [PMID: 24282651 PMCID: PMC3826296 DOI: 10.1155/2013/132836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A rapid HPLC procedure using a microemulsion as an eluent was developed and validated for analytical quality control of antihyperlipidemic mixture containing simvastatin (SIM) and ezetimibe (EZT) in their pharmaceutical preparations. The separation was performed on a column packed with cyano bonded stationary phase adopting UV detection at 238 nm using a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The optimized microemulsion mobile phase consisted of 0.2 M sodium dodecyl sulphate, 1% octanol, 10% n-propanol, and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid at pH 5.0. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LOQ), lower limit of detection (LOD), precision, and accuracy. The proposed method is rapid (8.5 min), reproducible (RSD < 2.0%) and achieves satisfactory resolution between SIM and EZT (resolution factor = 2.57). The mean recoveries of the analytes in pharmaceutical preparations were in agreement with those obtained from a reference method, as revealed by statistical analysis of the obtained results using Student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. A. Hammouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abu El-Enin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina T. El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia R. El-Wasseef
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saadia M. El-Ashry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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43
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Abstract
Salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) applies the salting-out effect to separate water-miscible organic solvent such as acetonitrile from plasma or other aqueous biofluids, and can extract a wide range of drug and metabolites, including many hydrophilic compounds. In most cases, the separated organic phase can be directly injected for bioanalysis, or with a simple dilution. SALLE provides similar simplicity to protein precipitation, but cleaner extracts due to a true phase separation. SALLE is also faster, more environmentally friendly and more cost-efficient than conventional liquid–liquid extraction and SPE. Through 96-well automation, SALLE can be easily integrated into the overall high-throughput LC–MS/MS bioanalysis strategy to increase productivity. This article provides a critical overview of the literatures on SALLE and perspectives of the future bioanalytical application of this often overlooked extraction technique. Important parameters impacting SALLE-LC–MS/MS assays are also discussed.
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44
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Sugaring-out assisted liquid/liquid extraction with acetonitrile for bioanalysis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Abstract
The extraction and/or purification of drugs and medicines from biological matrices are important objectives in investigating their toxicological and pharmaceutical properties. Many widely used methods such as liquid–liquid extraction or SPE, used for extracting, purifying and enriching drugs and medicines found in biological materials, involve laborious, intensive and expensive preparatory procedures, and they require organic solvents that are toxic to both humans and the environment. Recent trends are focused on miniaturization, high-throughput and automation techniques. All the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and devices in biological analysis are presented, and their applications in the extraction and/or purification of drugs and medicines from biological matrices are discussed in this review.
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46
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Srinivas NR. The re-emergence of salting-out association with acetonitrile for modern day bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:545-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Food–drug interactions: Effect of capsaicin on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and its active metabolite in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Nanita SC, Padivitage NL. Ammonium chloride salting out extraction/cleanup for trace-level quantitative analysis in food and biological matrices by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Song S, Ediage EN, Wu A, De Saeger S. Development and application of salting-out assisted liquid/liquid extraction for multi-mycotoxin biomarkers analysis in pig urine with high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012. [PMID: 23177157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct determination of urinary mycotoxins is a better approach to assess individual's exposure than the indirect estimation from average dietary intakes. In this study, a new analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and T2 toxin and their metabolites in pig urine. In total 12 analytes were selected. A salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction procedure was used for sample preparation. High performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used for the separation and detection of all the analytes. The extraction recoveries were in a range of 70-108%, with the intra-day relative standard deviation and inter-day relative standard deviation lower than 25% for most of the compounds at 3 different concentration levels. Meanwhile the method bias for all the analytes did not exceed 20%. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.07ngmL(-1) for ochratoxin A to 3.3ngmL(-1) for deoxynivalenol. Matrix effect was evaluated in this study and matrix-matched calibration was used for quantification. The developed method was also validated for human urine as an extension of its application. Finally, the developed method was applied in a pilot study to analyze 28 pig urine samples. Deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A were detected in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suquan Song
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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50
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High-throughput bioanalytical method for analysis of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine using salting-out sample preparation and LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 909:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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