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Banskota AH, Stefanova R, Hui JPM, Bermarija T, Stemmler K, McGinn PJ, O’Leary SJB. Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source. Molecules 2024; 29:3368. [PMID: 39064946 PMCID: PMC11279589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana, isolated from a pond adjacent to a cement plant, was cultured using flue gas collected directly from kiln emissions using 20 L and 25000 L photobioreactors. Lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides were analyzed to understand their overall composition for potential applications. The lipid content ranged from 17.97% to 21.54% of the dry biomass, with carotenoid concentrations between 8.4 and 9.2 mg/g. Lutein accounted for 55% of the total carotenoids. LC/MS analysis led to the identification of 71 intact triacylglycerols, 8 lysophosphatidylcholines, 10 phosphatidylcholines, 9 monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, 12 digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and 1 sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid were the main fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid covers ≥ 56% of total fatty acids. Protein isolates and polysaccharides were also extracted. Protein purity was determined to be ≥75% by amino acid analysis, with all essential amino acids present. Monomer analysis of polysaccharides suggested that they are composed of mainly D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-galactose, and D-(+)-glucose. The results demonstrate that there is no adverse effect on the metabolite profile of C. sorokiniana biomass cultured using flue gas as the primary carbon source, revealing the possibility of utilizing such algal biomass in industrial applications such as animal feed, sources of cosmeceuticals, and as biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun H. Banskota
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (R.S.); (J.P.M.H.); (T.B.); (K.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.J.B.O.)
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2
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Shen J, Wang S, Sun L, Wang Y, Fan K, Li C, Wang H, Bi C, Zhang F, Ding Z. Dynamic changes in metabolic and lipidomic profiles of tea plants during drought stress and re-watering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978531. [PMID: 36119581 PMCID: PMC9478477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), as an evergreen plant, needs a humid environment. Water deficit would diminish tea yield and quality. We analyzed the dynamic changes in the metabolite and lipid profiling of tea leaves under various drought conditions and re-watering to determine the metabolic changes in tea leaves responding to drought challenges. In all, 119 metabolites showed substantial alterations in drought-stressed tea plants, including sugars and sugar alcohols, amino acids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and lipids. We detected 29 lipids and they were classified into phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (SQDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The levels of sugar, sugar alcohol, and sugar precursors may change as a response to drought stress. Compared with these metabolites, the membrane lipids showed more dynamic changes in tea under drought stresses. Furthermore, metabolic recovery was only partial, with the majority of the examined metabolites exhibiting significantly different levels between samples from re-watered and well-watered tea plants. The findings also showed that comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic approaches were efficient in elucidating the impacts of drought stress on tea plant metabolism. Our findings are valuable for understanding the mechanisms behind drought tolerance in tea plants from the metabolism perspective and utilizing the compounds to improve the drought tolerance of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Li
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Rizhao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, China
| | - Caihong Bi
- Linyi Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Linyi, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Wulian County, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Korma SA, Li L, Wei W, Liu P, Zhang X, Bakry IA, An P, Abdrabo KAE, Manzoor MF, Umair M, Cacciotti I, Lorenzo JM, Conte-Junior CA. A Comparative Study of Milk Fat Extracted from the Milk of Different Goat Breeds in China: Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols and Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050730. [PMID: 35625657 PMCID: PMC9138446 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk (GM) is an excellent alternative to cow milk and has recently been used in commercial infant formula preparation due to its superior fat composition. Here, the fatty acid (FA) composition, triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species, thermal behavior and infrared spectra of extracted milk fat from the milk of the two main breeds of dairy goat bred in China (Guanzhong GM (GZG) and Xinong Saanen GM (XSG)) are investigated. Gas chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ultra-performance convergence chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry are applied. The obtained results evidence significant fat compositional differences based on the breed that produced the considered GM. The major FAs in both GM fats were capric (C10:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1 n-9c). GZG presented a higher content of medium-chain saturated FAs, while XSG had higher unsaturated FAs with higher ratios of L/Ln and n-6/n-3. A total of 339 and 359 TAGs were detected and quantified in GZG and XSG, and the major TAGs were those of m/z 740.6712 (14.10 ± 0.27%) and m/z 684.6094 (10.94 ± 0.02%), respectively. Milk TAGs of GZG and XSG showed 24–54 and 26–54 total acyl carbon numbers with a 0–4 and 0–5 double bond number at 68 and 72 various retention times, respectively. Thermal analysis showed that all GM fat samples melted below normal body temperature. Infrared spectra revealed higher absorption values of GZG milk fat. This study provides valuable information to the dairy industry sector about GM fat produced in China, assessing the appropriateness of Chinese GM fat to be applied in Chinese infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Korma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Li Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-208-711-4262 (L.L.); +86-510-858-767-99 (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-208-711-4262 (L.L.); +86-510-858-767-99 (W.W.)
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Xinghe Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Ibrahim A. Bakry
- Department of Food and Dairy Technology, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Peipei An
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Khaled A. E. Abdrabo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, 00166 Roma, Italy;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de La Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
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Han X, Yang Y. Phospholipids in Salt Stress Response. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102204. [PMID: 34686013 PMCID: PMC8540237 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds. These have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the regulatory effect they have on cellular activity. Over the past few decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have partly revealed that phospholipids regulate salt stress response by participating in salt stress signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the generation and metabolism of phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), as well as the regulatory role each phospholipid plays in the salt stress response. We also discuss the possible regulatory role based on how they act during other cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Han
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62732030
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Cauchie G, Delfau-Bonnet G, Caulier G, Hantson AL, Renault JH, Gerbaux P. Comprehensive lipid profiling of Microchloropsis gaditana by liquid chromatography - (tandem) mass spectrometry: Bead milling and extraction solvent effects. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fischer J, Treblin M, Sitz T, Rohn S. Development of a targeted HPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulfolipids from a cyanobacterium, selected leafy vegetables, and a microalgae species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1941-1954. [PMID: 33483837 PMCID: PMC7925498 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of macro- and microalgae, as well as cyanobacteria, becomes increasingly important for human nutrition, even in Western diets. Health effects, positive as well as negative, are believed to result mainly from minor components in the food. In macro- and microalgae as well as in certain cyanobacteria, one class of such minor compounds is sulfolipids, more precisely sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) derivatives. SQMGs and SQDGs consist of a diacylglycerol esterified with varying fatty acid combinations and a sulfoquinovose moiety. Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonated hexose analogous to D-glucose, but featuring a stable carbon-sulfur bond. With regard to their chemical structure, SQDGs can be distinguished according to their sn1- and sn2-bound fatty acids. Although there is great interest in SQDGs, because of their controversially discussed bioactivities, only a negligible number of comprehensive methods for identification and quantification has been published, so far. Within this work, a sample preparation including a quantitative isolation of SQDGs from selected raw materials, a clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of different, intact SQMGs and SQDGs were developed and validated. The applicability of the method was further demonstrated by comparing a prominent cyanobacterium (Arthrospira sp.) with a microalgae preparation (Chlorella vulgaris), and selected leafy vegetables (spinach, basil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Treblin
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sitz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU) e.V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806, Bad Belzig, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Řezanka T, Řezanka M, Mezricky D, Vítová M. Lipidomic analysis of diatoms cultivated with silica nanoparticles. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112452. [PMID: 32773085 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polar lipids from the diatoms Diadesmis gallica and Navicula atomus were separated and their structures were determined using high resolution tandem MS HILIC-LC/ESI. This method allowed us to identify 34 classes of lipids, each containing dozens of molecular species, including regioisomers. The largest differences were found in two sulfur-containing lipids, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylsulfocholine caused probably by the remodeling of lipid species. These diatoms have been found to use several mechanisms to resolve growth in extreme environments, i.e. silica starvation. The presence of insoluble nano-SiO2 leads to the replacement of cellular phospholipids with sulfolipids. Regioisomer ratios also vary depending on the concentration of nano-SiO2 in the culture medium, i.e. the biosynthesis of polar lipids via the prokaryotic (plastidial) and/or eukaryotic (explastidial) pathways. Complex analyses of polar lipids using high resolution HILIC-LC/ESI-tandem, as used for diatoms, can also be used for other photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Department of Nanochemistry, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mezricky
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Piaristengasse1, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Milada Vítová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Novohradská 237, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Lai EP, Kersten H, Benter T. Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Bisphenol A Interactions With Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Milk Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E708. [PMID: 32041367 PMCID: PMC7037553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of endocrine-disrupting molecules such as bisphenol A (BPA) in freshwater to determine their widespread occurrence in environmental resources has been challenged by various adsorption and desorption processes. In this work, ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) analysis of BPA was aimed at studying its molecular interactions with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and milk whey proteins. Addition of sodium formate prevented TiO2 nanoparticles from sedimentation while enhancing the electrospray ionization (ESI) efficiency to produce an abundance of [BPA + Na]+ ions at m/z 251.0. More importantly, the ESI-ITMS instrument could operate properly during a direct infusion of nanoparticles up to 500 μg/mL without clogging the intake capillary. Milk protein adsorption of BPA could decrease the [BPA + Na]+ peak intensity significantly unless the proteins were partially removed by curdling to produce whey, which allowed BPA desorption during ESI for quantitative analysis by ITMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P.C. Lai
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hendrik Kersten
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Institute for Pure and Applied Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.K.); (T.B.)
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9
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Enrichment procedure based on graphitized carbon black and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for elucidating sulfolipids composition of microalgae. Talanta 2019; 205:120162. [PMID: 31450465 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have recently become a popular functional food due to their health benefits. Sulfolipids, a class of substances abundant in this matrix, have been reported to have interesting bioactivities, such as anti-carcinogenic activity. However, despite the potential interest in sulfolipids, a dedicated analytical method for their characterization is currently lacking but would significantly increase the coverage of sulfolipids with respect to the direct lipidomic analysis. To achieve this goal, in this work a procedure, based on graphitized carbon black solid phase extraction, was developed for clean-up and enrichment of sulfolipids (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols and sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols) and it was applied to spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) microalgae. A careful study of the solid phase extraction conditions was performed, first to maximize the recovery of reference standards, then to increase the total number of identified sulfolipids from the spirulina lipid extract. All samples were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry and lipids were tentatively identified by Lipostar, for a reliable lipid structure assignment. The developed method was compared to the direct lipidomic analysis without enrichment, to establish the enrichment efficiency in terms of number of identifications. From the comparison, the enrichment procedure proved better and allowed the tentative identification of 199 sulfolipids, which is the largest number reported so far for the Arthrospira platensis species. The described method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of quantitation and detection for two sulfolipids. Finally, a relative lipid quantitation based on peak area was carried out on the microalgae sample, which indicated nine abundant sulfolipids as representing ca. 60% of sulfolipids in spirulina microalgae.
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Yang X, Li Y, Li Y, Ye D, Yuan L, Sun Y, Han D, Hu Q. Solid Matrix-Supported Supercritical CO₂ Enhances Extraction of γ-Linolenic Acid from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira ( Spirulina) platensis and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Molecule in Zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040203. [PMID: 30935028 PMCID: PMC6520994 DOI: 10.3390/md17040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria represent a large untapped source of functional glycolipids enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human health. However, advanced methods for scalable isolation of diverse species containing high-purity PUFA-rich glycolipids will have to be developed and their possible pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions identified. This paper introduces a novel solid matrix-supported supercritical CO₂ extraction method for scalable isolation of the PUFA γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-enriched glycolipids from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, which has been the most widely used among microalgae in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Of various porous materials studied, diatomite was the best to facilitate extraction of GLA-rich glycolipids, resulting in an extraction efficiency of 98%. Gamma-linolenic acid made up 35% of total fatty acids (TFAs) in the extracts, which was considerably greater than that obtained with ethanol (26%), Bligh and Dyer (24%), and in situ transesterification (24%) methods, respectively. Lipidomics analysis revealed that GLA was exclusively associated with galactolipids. Pharmaceutical functions of GLA-rich galactolipids were investigated on a zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model. The results suggested that GLA extracted from A. platensis possessed anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities, which acted in a concerted manner to promote post-injury regeneration of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Yuan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing 100142, China.
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11
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Zaaboul F, Cao C, Raza H, Jun ZZ, Xu YJ, Liu YF. The Triacylglycerol Profile of Oil Bodies and Oil Extracted from Argania spinosa Using the UPLC Along with the Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). J Food Sci 2019; 84:762-769. [PMID: 30875441 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The triacylglycerol (TAG) matrix of argan oil (AO) bodies (AOB) along with the TAGs of AO extracted from the same kernels using an organic solvent, were identified and quantified using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Generally, both samples showed a similar TAGs profile but AO found to have three extra TAGs in low amount. In total 23 and 26 different TAGs were identified in AOBs and AO, respectively. The most abundant TAGs were OOL, POO, OOO, and POL in both samples. Furthermore, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids in both AOBs and AO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research that studied the TAGs matrix of an oil body revealing no major difference between the TAGs profile protected by the AOBs membrane and the oil extracted from the whole seed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Seed and kernels oil bodies emulsion tend to be the new source of emulsified oil in food and cosmetic industries. However, before replacing a product with another, we have to make sure that the new alternative can offer better or at least similar benefits. Our results showed that the triacylglycerols (TAGs) matrix and the argan oil (AO) share the same TAGs profile with a relatively close percentage. Therefore, AO bodies can be the perfect pre-emulsified oil for some food products like sauces and creams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zaaboul
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Chen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Husnain Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhao Zheng Jun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Yuan Fa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
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12
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White DA, Rooks PA, Kimmance S, Tait K, Jones M, Tarran GA, Cook C, Llewellyn CA. Modulation of Polar Lipid Profiles in Chlorella sp. in Response to Nutrient Limitation. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030039. [PMID: 30823401 PMCID: PMC6468466 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of nutrient limitation on cellular composition of polar lipid classes/species in Chlorella sp. using modern polar lipidomic profiling methods (liquid chromatography⁻tandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS). Total polar lipid concentration was highest in nutrient-replete (HN) cultures with a significant reduction in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) class concentrations for nutrient-deplete (LN) cultures. Moreover, reductions in the abundance of MGDG relative to total polar lipids versus an increase in the relative abundance of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were recorded in LN cultures. In HN cultures, polar lipid species composition remained relatively constant throughout culture with high degrees of unsaturation associated with acyl moieties. Conversely, in LN cultures lipid species composition shifted towards greater saturation of acyl moieties. Multivariate analyses revealed that changes in the abundance of a number of species contributed to the dissimilarity between LN and HN cultures but with dominant effects from certain species, e.g., reduction in MGDG 34:7 (18:3/16:4). Results demonstrate that Chlorella sp. significantly alters its polar lipidome in response to nutrient limitation, and this is discussed in terms of physiological significance and polar lipids production for applied microalgal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A White
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Paul A Rooks
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Susan Kimmance
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Karen Tait
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Mark Jones
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Glen A Tarran
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Charlotte Cook
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Carole A Llewellyn
- Department of Biosciences, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK.
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13
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Granafei S, Losito I, Palmisano F, Cataldi TRI. Unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono- and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1499-1509. [PMID: 28657161 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sulfoquinovosylmonoglycerides (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiglycerides (SQDG) in the lipid extracts of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves were investigated. The aim of this work was to assess and establish the chemical characterization of fatty acyl chains in sulfolipids (SQMG and SQDG) and their regiochemistry. METHODS A key component of this approach is a combination of hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by Lecitase® Ultra, which is a sn1 -regioselective hydrolase enzyme, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and sequential mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS) by collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MSn (n = 2, 3). RESULTS The occurrence of SQMG bearing 16:0 or 18:3 acyl chains was established for the first time. A regiochemistry-dependent fragmentation pattern of SQMG was attained whereby the sulfoquinovosyl anion ([C6 H11 O8 S]- at m/z 243.0) provides a diagnostic product ion. Regioselective enzymatic treatment also provided a posteriori confirmation of a widely accepted fragmentation rule for SQDG. The sulfoquinovosyl anion was found to play a role also in the fragmentation pattern of SQDG, whose regiochemical assignment could be ultimately confirmed by MS3 experiments. CONCLUSIONS The predominant sulfolipid in leaf extracts of raw parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was identified as SQDG 18:3/16:0, along with SQMG 18:3/0:0 and SQMG 16:0/0:0. The present CID-MS-based method can be considered a successful approach to validate the regiochemical characterization of sulfolipids paving the way for their unambiguous characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granafei
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
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14
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Su J, Ye M, Lou Y, Yang Z, Sun T, Zhang R, Xu J, Zhou C, Yan X. Low-molecular-mass organic acid and lipid responses of Isochrysis galbana Parke to high temperature stress during the entire growth stage. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Abed SM, Zou X, Ali AH, Jin Q, Wang X. Profiling of triacylglycerol composition in arachidonic acid single cell oil from Mortierella alpina by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Tomčala A, Kyselová V, Schneedorferová I, Opekarová I, Moos M, Urajová P, Kručinská J, Oborník M. Separation and identification of lipids in the photosynthetic cousins of Apicomplexa Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3402-3413. [PMID: 28675643 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The alveolate algae Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis (chromerids) are the closest known phototrophic relatives to apicomplexan parasites. Apicomplexans are responsible for fatal diseases of humans and animals and severe economic losses. Availability of the genome sequences of chromerids together with easy and rapid culturing of C. velia makes this alga a suitable model for investigating elementary biochemical principals potentially important for the apicomplexan pathogenicity. Such knowledge allows us to better understand processes during the evolutionary transition from a phototrophy to the parasitism in Apicomplexa. We explored lipidomes of both algae using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry or gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. A single high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis in both ionization modes was sufficient for the separation and semi-quantification of lipids in chromerid algae. We detected more than 250 analytes belonging to five structural lipid classes, two lipid classes of precursors and intermediates, and triacylglycerols as storage lipids. Identification of suggested structures was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry with an Orbitrap mass analyzer. An outstandingly high accumulation of storage triacylglycerols was found in both species. All the investigated aspects make C. velia a prospective organism for further applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Tomčala
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kyselová
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Schneedorferová
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Opekarová
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Entomology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Entomology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Urajová
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kručinská
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Biology Centre CAS, v.v.i., Institute of Parasitology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Microbiology CAS, Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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17
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Li Y, Lou Y, Mu T, Ke A, Ran Z, Xu J, Chen J, Zhou C, Yan X, Xu Q, Tan Y. Sphingolipids in marine microalgae: Development and application of a mass spectrometric method for global structural characterization of ceramides and glycosphingolipids in three major phyla. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 986:82-94. [PMID: 28870328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid compositions are crucial for the structural and physiological properties of microalgae membranes. In the present study, we developed a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometric method based on MSE data collection for the identification of sphingolipids with high efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity and mass accuracy and applied this method for precise structural identification and quantitative profiling of ceramides and glycosphingolipids in total lipid extracts from 17 strains of microalgae, including 11 strains of diatom, 3 strains of dinoflagellate and 3 strains of haptophyta. Using this method, four species of sphingolipids including 27 ceramides, 13 monosaccharide ceramides, 18 disaccharide ceramides and 18 trisaccharide ceramides were identified. The compositions of sphingolipid-included glycosyl moieties, long chain bases and N-acyl chains showed a significant difference among different microalgae categories. Some long chain bases including d19:2, d19:3 and d19:4, glycosyl moieties including disaccharide and trisaccharide, and N-acyl chains such as 14:0, 14:1, 24:0, 24:1, h18:1, h19:1 and h22:0-2 can be chosen as the molecular signature for microalgae from three major phyla. This methodology will be useful for a wide range of physiological and pathological studies of sphingolipids. Furthermore, the diversity of sphingolipid structure could provide a new criterion for microalgae chemotaxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Yamin Lou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Aiying Ke
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhaoshou Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
| | - Qingshan Xu
- Lijing Chenhai Baoer Bio. Ltd., Lijiang, Yunnan 674100, China
| | - Yinghong Tan
- Lijing Chenhai Baoer Bio. Ltd., Lijiang, Yunnan 674100, China
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18
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Li Y, Lou Y, Mu T, Xu J, Zhou C, Yan X. Simultaneous structural identification of diacylglyceryl-N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-β-alanine (DGTA) in microalgae using dual Li + /H + adduct ion mode by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:457-468. [PMID: 28040883 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diacylgycerol-N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-β-alanine (DGTA) are structural isomers that are the most commonly described betaine lipids in microalgae. The structural differentiation and precise identification of DGTS and DGTA in microalgae need to be established during mass spectrometry analysis. METHODS Total lipid was extracted from Amphora spp. with CHCl3 /CH3 OH (1:1, v/v). The qualitative analysis of DGTS and DGTA in Amphora spp. was carried out using Li+ /H+ dual mode by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode (UPLC/QTOF MSE ). RESULTS Characteristic fragment ions [C10 H22 O5 N]+ at m/z 236.15 and [C7 H14 O2 N]+ at m/z 144.10 from the [M + H]+ precursor ion can be used for the qualitative analysis of both DGTA and DGTS, whereas the loss of m/z 87 and 74 from the [M + Li]+ precursor ion are specific for DGTS, and the loss of m/z 103 from the [M + Li]+ precursor ion is only for DGTA. As a result, 9 DGTSs and 16 DGTAs with different fatty acids were identified simultaneously in Amphora spp. Semi-quantitative analysis of DGTS and DGTA in Amphora spp. showed that the contents of DGTS ranged from 0.003 to 0.438 nmol mg-1 dw, and that of DGTA from 0.004 to 0.414 nmol mg-1 dw. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to achieve the ambiguous structural identification of DGTS and DGTA by UPLC/QTOF MSE using dual Li+ /H+ adduct ion mode, which has remained a challenge in the past. It could provide new insights into their phylogeny and be helpful to characterize the natural phytoplankton communities as intact polar lipid biomarkers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yamin Lou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315211, China
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19
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de Los Reyes C, Ortega MJ, Rodríguez-Luna A, Talero E, Motilva V, Zubía E. Molecular Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Galactosylglycerides and Galactosylceramides from the Microalga Isochrysis galbana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8783-8794. [PMID: 27786470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isochrysis galbana is a marine microalga rich in PUFAs that is widely used as feed in aquaculture and more recently investigated for its potential in food applications and as source of bioactive compounds. In this study, the biomass obtained from cultures of I. galbana has been investigated to determine its content in glycosylglycerides and glycosylceramides. By using NMR, UPLC-MS/MS, and fatty acid profiles, the structures of ten monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs 1-10) and nine digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs 11-19) have been established. Two distinctive features of the galactosylglycerides from I. galbana are the wide presence of highly unsaturated acyl chains derived from stearidonic acid (18:4Δ6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z) and octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5Δ3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z), as well as the unusual coexistence of αβ-DGDGs and ββ-DGDGs. Three new galactosylceramides, isogalbamides A-C (20-22), have also been isolated and characterized by NMR and MS/MS. These metabolites, which are the first galactosylceramides described from microalgae, derive from unprecedented tetraolefinic sphingoid bases. In anti-inflammatory assays, the MGDG and DGDG mixtures and the isolated DGDGs 11 and 12 showed significant activity as inhibitors of the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages, while the galactosylceramides showed moderated activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Los Reyes
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - María J Ortega
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Talero
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Zubía
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
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20
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Hielscher-Michael S, Griehl C, Buchholz M, Demuth HU, Arnold N, Wessjohann LA. Natural Products from Microalgae with Potential against Alzheimer's Disease: Sulfolipids Are Potent Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14110203. [PMID: 27827845 PMCID: PMC5128746 DOI: 10.3390/md14110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many new enzymes, like glutaminyl cyclase (QC), could be associated with pathophysiological processes and represent targets for many diseases, so that enzyme-inhibiting properties of natural substances are becoming increasingly important. In different studies, the pathophysiology connection of QC to various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described. Algae are known for the ability to synthesize complex and highly-diverse compounds with specific enzyme inhibition properties. Therefore, we screened different algae species for the presence of QC inhibiting metabolites using a new "Reverse Metabolomics" technique including an Activity-correlation Analysis (AcorA), which is based on the correlation of bioactivities to mass spectral data with the aid of mathematic informatics deconvolution. Thus, three QC inhibiting compounds from microalgae belonging to the family of sulfolipids were identified. The compounds showed a QC inhibition of 81% and 76% at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL and 0.025 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, for the first time, sulfolipids are identified as QC inhibiting compounds and possess substructures with the required pharmacophore qualities. They represent a new lead structure for QC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hielscher-Michael
- Group Algae Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Technology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Carola Griehl
- Group Algae Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Technology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany.
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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21
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Cutignano A, Luongo E, Nuzzo G, Pagano D, Manzo E, Sardo A, Fontana A. Profiling of complex lipids in marine microalgae by UHPLC/tandem mass spectrometry. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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da Costa E, Silva J, Mendonça SH, Abreu MH, Domingues MR. Lipidomic Approaches towards Deciphering Glycolipids from Microalgae as a Reservoir of Bioactive Lipids. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14050101. [PMID: 27213410 PMCID: PMC4882575 DOI: 10.3390/md14050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, noteworthy research has been performed around lipids from microalgae. Among lipids, glycolipids (GLs) are quite abundant in microalgae and are considered an important source of fatty acids (FAs). GLs are rich in 16- and 18-carbon saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and often contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like n-3 α-linolenic (ALA 18:3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6). GLs comprise three major classes: monogalactosyldiacyl glycerolipids (MGDGs), digalactosyl diacylglycerolipids (DGDGs) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerolipids (SQDGs), whose composition in FA directly depends on the growth conditions. Some of these lipids are high value-added compounds with antitumoral, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and also with important nutritional significance. To fully explore GLs’ bioactive properties it is necessary to fully characterize their structure and to understand the relation between the structure and their biological properties, which can be addressed using modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomic approaches. This review will focus on the up-to-date FA composition of GLs identified by MS-based lipidomics and their potential as phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete da Costa
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Silva
- Allmicroalgae-Natural Products S.A., Avenida das Forças Armadas, 125, 7º piso, 1600-079 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Hoffman Mendonça
- Allmicroalgae-Natural Products S.A., Avenida das Forças Armadas, 125, 7º piso, 1600-079 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus-Produção e Comercialização de Algas e Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Abstract
Photosynthetic organelles in plants and algae are characterized by the high abundance of glycolipids, including the galactolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG, DGDG) and the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). Glycolipids are crucial to maintain an optimal efficiency of photosynthesis. During phosphate limitation, the amounts of DGDG and SQDG increase in the plastids of plants, and DGDG is exported to extraplastidial membranes to replace phospholipids. Algae often use betaine lipids as surrogate for phospholipids. Glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (GlcADG) is a further glycolipid that accumulates under phosphate deprived conditions. In contrast to plants, a number of eukaryotic algae contain very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of 20 or more carbon atoms in their glycolipids. The pathways and genes for galactolipid and sulfolipid synthesis are largely conserved between plants, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and algae with complex plastids derived from secondary or tertiary endosymbiosis. However, the relative contribution of the endoplasmic reticulum- and plastid-derived lipid pathways for glycolipid synthesis varies between plants and algae. The genes for glycolipid synthesis encode precursor proteins imported into the photosynthetic organelles. While most eukaryotic algae contain the plant-like galactolipid (MGD1, DGD1) and sulfolipid (SQD1, SQD2) synthases, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon harbors a cyanobacterium-type DGDG synthase (DgdA), and the amoeba Paulinella, derived from a more recent endosymbiosis event, contains cyanobacterium-type enzymes for MGDG and DGDG synthesis (MgdA, MgdE, DgdA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kalisch
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Logvinov S, Gerasimenko N, Esipov A, Denisenko VA. Examination of the structures of several glycerolipids from marine macroalgae by NMR and GC-MS. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:1066-1074. [PMID: 26987002 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several classes of glycerolipids were isolated from the total lipids of the algae Saccharina cichorioides, Eualaria fistulosa, Fucus evanescens, Sargassum pallidum, Silvetia babingtonii (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae), Tichocarpus crinitus, and Neorhodomela larix (Rhodophyta, Florideophyceae). The structures of these lipids were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including 1D ((1) H and (13) C) and 2D (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) experiments. All of the investigated algae included common galactolipids and sulfonoglycolipids as the major glycolipids. Minor glycolipids isolated from S. cichorioides, T. crinitus, and N. laris were identified as lyso-galactolipids with a polar group consisted of the galactose. Comparison of the (1) H NMR data of minor nonpolar lipids isolated from the extracts of the brown algae S. pallidum and F. evanescens with the (1) H NMR data of other lipids allowed them to be identified as diacylglycerols. The structures of betaine lipids isolated from brown algae were confirmed by NMR for the first time. The fatty acid compositions of the isolated lipids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Logvinov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Natalia Gerasimenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Andrey Esipov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Denisenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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Bromke MA, Sabir JS, Alfassi FA, Hajarah NH, Kabli SA, Al-Malki AL, Ashworth MP, Méret M, Jansen RK, Willmitzer L. Metabolomic Profiling of 13 Diatom Cultures and Their Adaptation to Nitrate-Limited Growth Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138965. [PMID: 26440112 PMCID: PMC4595471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are very efficient in their use of available nutrients. Changes in nutrient availability influence the metabolism and the composition of the cell constituents. Since diatoms are valuable candidates to search for oil producing algae, measurements of diatom-produced compounds can be very useful for biotechnology. In order to explore the diversity of lipophilic compounds produced by diatoms, we describe the results from an analysis of 13 diatom strains. With the help of a lipidomics platform, which combines an UPLC separation with a high resolution/high mass accuracy mass spectrometer, we were able to measure and annotate 142 lipid species. Out of these, 32 were present in all 13 cultures. The annotated lipid features belong to six classes of glycerolipids. The data obtained from the measurements were used to create lipidomic profiles. The metabolomic overview of analysed cultures is amended by the measurement of 96 polar compounds. To further increase the lipid diversity and gain insight into metabolomic adaptation to nitrogen limitation, diatoms were cultured in media with high and low concentrations of nitrate. The growth in nitrogen-deplete or nitrogen-replete conditions affects metabolite accumulation but has no major influence on the species-specific metabolomic profile. Thus, the genetic component is stronger in determining metabolic patterns than nitrogen levels. Therefore, lipid profiling is powerful enough to be used as a molecular fingerprint for diatom cultures. Furthermore, an increase of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation was observed in low nitrogen samples, although this trend was not consistent across all 13 diatom strains. Overall, our results expand the current understanding of metabolomics diversity in diatoms and confirm their potential value for producing lipids for either bioenergy or as feed stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz A. Bromke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jamal S. Sabir
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alfassi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid H. Hajarah
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Kabli
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matt P. Ashworth
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States of America
| | - Michaël Méret
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert K. Jansen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States of America
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Talero E, García-Mauriño S, Ávila-Román J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Alcaide A, Motilva V. Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6152-209. [PMID: 26437418 PMCID: PMC4626684 DOI: 10.3390/md13106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcaide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
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Zhu S, Ye M, Xu J, Guo C, Zheng H, Hu J, Chen J, Wang Y, Xu S, Yan X. Lipid Profile in Different Parts of Edible Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8283-8291. [PMID: 26322863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum has been exploited commercially as a delicious food for a long time. Although the edible and medicinal values of R. esculentum have gained extensive attention, the effects of lipids on its nutritional value have rarely been reported. In the present of study, the lipid profile including lipid classes, fatty acyl compositions, and fatty acid (FA) positions in lipids from different parts (oral arms, umbrella, and mouth stalk) of R. esculentum was explored by ultraperformance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization--quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). More than 87 species from 10 major lipid classes including phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), phosphatidylserine (PS), ceramide (Cer), ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), and triacylglycerol (TAG) were separated and characterized. Semiquantification of individual lipid species in different parts of R. esculentum was also conducted. Results showed that glycerophospholipids (GPLs) enriched in highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were the major compenents in all parts of R. esculentum, which accounted for 54-63% of total lipids (TLs). Considering the high level of GPLs and the FA compositions in GPLs, jellyfish R. esculentum might have great potential as a health-promoting food for humans and as a growth-promoting diet for some commercial fish and crustaceans. Meanwhile, LPC, LPE, and LPI showed high levels in oral arms when compared with umbrella and mouth stalk, which may be due to the high proportion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in oral arms. Moreover, a high CAEP level was detected in oral arms, which may render cell membranes with resistance to chemical hydrolysis by PLA2. The relatively low TAG content could be associated with specific functions of oral arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengwei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, China
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28
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Wang X, Zhao P, Luo Q, Yan X, Xu J, Chen J, Chen H. Metabolite changes during the life history of Porphyra haitanensis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:660-666. [PMID: 25284486 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics is essentially the comprehensive analysis of complex metabolites of plant extracts. Metabolic fingerprinting is an important part of plant metabolomics research. In this study, metabolic fingerprinting of different stages of the life history of the red alga Porphyra haitanensis was performed. The stages included conchocelis filaments, sporangial branchlets, conchosporangia, discharged conchospores and conchosporangial branchlets after conchospore discharge. Metabolite extracts were analysed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Analyses profiles were subjected to principal components analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis using the SIMCA-P software for biomarker selection and identification. Based on the MS/MS spectra and data from the literature, potential biomarkers, mainly of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, were identified. Identification of these biomarkers suggested that plasma membrane phospholipids underwent major changes during the life history of P. haitanensis. The levels of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine increased in sporangial branchlets and decreased in discharged conchospores. Moreover, levels of sphingaine (d18:0) decreased in sporangial branchlets and increased in discharged conchospores, which indicates that membrane lipids were increasingly synthesised as energy storage in sporangial branchlets, while energy was consumed in sporangial branchlets to discharged conchospores. A metabolomic study of different growth phases of P. haitanensis will enhance our understanding of its physiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Li S, Xu J, Jiang Y, Zhou C, Yu X, Zhong Y, Chen J, Yan X. Lipidomic analysis can distinguish between two morphologically similar strains of Nannochloropsis oceanica. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:264-276. [PMID: 26986522 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The two morphologically similar microalgae NMBluh014 and NMBluh-X belong to two different strains of Nannochloropsis oceanica. They possess obviously different feeding effects on bivalves, but are indistinguishable by 18S rRNA and morphological features. In this work, lipidomic analysis followed by principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis provided a clear distinction between these strains. Metabolites that definitively contribute to the classification were selected as potential biomarkers. The most important difference in polar lipids were sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (containing 18:1/16:0 and 18:3/16:0) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (containing 18:3/16:3 and 20:5/14:0), which were detected only in NMBluh-X. Additionally, an exhaustive qualitative and quantitative profiling of the neutral lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) in the two strains was carried out. The predominant species of TAG containing 16:1/16:1/16:1 acyl groups was detected only in NMBluh-X with a content of ~93.67 ± 11.85 nmol · mg(-1) dry algae at the onset of stationary phase. Meanwhile, TAG containing 16:0/16:0/16:0 was the main TAG in NMBluh014 with a content of 40.25 ± 3.92 nmol · mg(-1) . These results provided the most straightforward evidence for differentiating the two species. The metabolomic profiling indicated that NMBluh-X underwent significant chemical and physiological changes during the growth process, whereas NMBluh014 did not show such noticeable time-dependent metabolite change. This study is the first using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Electrospray ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for lipidomic profiling with multivariate statistical analysis to explore lipidomic differences of plesiomorphous microalgae. Our results demonstrate that lipidomic profiling is a valid chemotaxonomic tool in the study of microalgal systematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center of the People's Republic of China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center of the People's Republic of China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yingying Zhong
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center of the People's Republic of China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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Zhao YY, Wu SP, Liu S, Zhang Y, Lin RC. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as a sensitive and powerful technology in lipidomic applications. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 220:181-92. [PMID: 25014415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomics, the comprehensive illumination of lipid-based information in biology systems, involves in identifying lipids and profiling lipids and lipid-derived mediators. The development of lipidomics enables the characterization of lipid species and detailed lipid profiling in body fluid, tissue or cell, and allows for a wider understanding of the biological roles of lipid networks. Lipidomic research has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and involved in lipid extraction, lipid identification and data analysis supporting applications from qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple lipid species. UPLC technique, different mass spectrometry technique, lipid extraction and data analysis in lipidomics are reviewed. Afterwards, examples are provided on the use of UPLC-MS for finding lipid biomarkers in disease, drug, food, nutrition and plant fields. We also discuss the UPLC-MS-based lipidomics for the future perspectives and their potential problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, MedSci 1, C352, UCI Campus, Irvine, CA 92868, USA.
| | - Shao-Ping Wu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8232, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Shuman Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, MedSci 1, C352, UCI Campus, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8232, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Profiling of polar lipids in marine oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580: prediction of the potential mechanism for eicosapentaenoic acid-incorporation into triacylglycerol. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3218-30. [PMID: 24879545 PMCID: PMC4071573 DOI: 10.3390/md12063218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580 is a candidate for biodiesel production because of its high lipid productivity. However, the substantial eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in this strain would affect the biodiesel quality. On the other hand, EPA is also known as the essential health supplement for humans. EPAs are mainly incorporated into glycerolipids in the microalgal cell instead of the presence as free fatty acids. Therefore, the understanding of the EPA biosynthesis including the incorporation of the EPA into glycerolipids especially triacylglycerol (TAG) is fundamental for regulating EPA content for different purposes. In this study, in order to identify the biosynthesis pathway for the EPA-containing TAG species, a lipidomic characterization of the EPA-enriched polar lipids was performed by using direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI)-Q-TRAP-MS and MS/MS analyses. The determination of the fatty acid positional distribution showed that the sn-2 position of all the chloroplast lipids and part of phosphatidylcholine (PC) species was occupied by C16 fatty acids. This result suggested the critical role of the chloroplast on the lipid synthesis in F. solaris. Furthermore, the exclusive presence of C18 fatty acids in PC highly indicated the biosynthesis of EPA on PC. Finally, the PC-based acyl-editing and head group exchange processes were proposed to be essential for the incorporation of EPA into TAG and chloroplast lipids.
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Li S, Xu J, Chen J, Chen J, Zhou C, Yan X. Structural elucidation of co-eluted triglycerides in the marine diatom model organism Thalassiosira pseudonana by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:245-255. [PMID: 24375875 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The precise identification of fatty acids at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially for positional regioisomers (AAB/ABA), needs to be established during mass spectrometry analysis. The detailed structural information about TAGs is significant not only for the assessment of biofuel quality, but also for the tracing of biosynthetic precursors. METHODS Total lipid was extracted from T. pseudonana by a modified Bligh and Dyer method. The qualitative analysis of TAGs in T. pseudonana was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS). The raw LC/MS data were analyzed using MassLynx software (version 4.1, Waters). RESULTS The acyl group at the sn-2 position of the TAGs has been identified unequivocally by [M + Li-R1/3COOH-R2CH=CHCOOH](+) and the abundance of [M + Li-R1/3COOH-R2CH=CHCOOH](+) can be used to confirm whether the TAG isomers are co-eluted. In total, twelve TAGs were identified in T. pseudonana based on the fragmentation patterns discussed above. The data indicated that only C16 fatty acids were located at the sn-2 position, which was important to trace the biosynthetic precursors of TAGs. CONCLUSIONS We put forward a hypothesis that TAGs in T. pseudonana are only derived from lipids in chloroplasts through prokaryotic biosynthesis pathway based on the precise information of sn-2 fatty acids, which is significant not only for the assessment of biofuel quality, but also for the tracing of biosynthetic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China
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Zhao F, Xu J, Chen J, Yan X, Zhou C, Li S, Xu X, Ye F. Structural elucidation of two types of novel glycosphingolipids in three strains of Skeletonema by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1535-1547. [PMID: 23722688 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are important components of the cell membrane; however, little is known about GSLs in microalgae. We analyzed GSLs in three strains of Skeletonema microalgae by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. METHODS Total lipid was extracted from Skeletonema microalgae. Separation of lipids was achieved via reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometric analysis of the lithium adduct of GSLs was conducted to determine their structures. RESULTS Two types of novel glycosphingolipids were identified from three strains of Skeletonema microalgae. The N-acyl groups were primarily long-chain saturated or monoenoic fatty acids (monounsaturated fatty acids) with 16C and 20 to 24C. The sphingoid long-chain bases (LCB) were sphingosine, sphingadienine and sphingatrienine. The saccharide polar head groups of glycosphingolipids were disaccharide (heptose-hexose) or trisaccharide (heptose-hexose-hexose). Semi-quantitative analysis of GLSs in the three strains of microalgae showed that GSL contents ranged from 0.09 to 8.79 nmol/mg dry microalgae powder. CONCLUSIONS A qualitative method was developed for the identification of GSLs in microalgae. Two types of novel GSLs were identified from three strains of Skeletonema, which might have important biological functions. It could also provide a reliable tool for chemotaxonomy of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Wei F, Han XQ, Xiao XY, Lin RC. PHARMACOKINETICS, BIOAVAILABILITY, AND METABOLISM OF 2,3,5,4′-TETRAHYDROXYSTILBENE-2-O-β-D-GLUCOSIDE IN RATS BY ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–QUADRUPOLE TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.673209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China , Ministry of Education, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- b National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration , Beijing , China
| | - Feng Wei
- b National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Han
- c State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Xin-Yue Xiao
- b National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration , Beijing , China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- b National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration , Beijing , China
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Zianni R, Bianco G, Lelario F, Losito I, Palmisano F, Cataldi TRI. Fatty acid neutral losses observed in tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation allows regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:205-15. [PMID: 23378093 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A full characterization of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) in the lipid extract of spinach leaves has been achieved using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). Low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem MS (MS/MS) of the deprotonated species [M - H](-) was exploited for a detailed study of sulfolipid fragmentation. Losses of neutral fatty acids from the acyl side chains (i.e. [M - H - RCOOH](-)) were found to prevail over ketene losses ([M - H - R'CHCO](-)) or carboxylates of long-chain fatty acids ([RCOO](-)), as expected for gas-phase acidity of SQDG ions. A new concerted mechanism for RCOOH elimination, based on a charge-remote fragmentation, is proposed. The preferential loss of a fatty acids molecule from the sn-1 position (i.e. [M - H - R(1)COOH](-)) of the glycerol backbone, most likely due to kinetic control of the gas-phase fragmentation process, was exploited for the regiochemical assignment of the investigated sulfolipids. As a result, 24 SQDGs were detected and identified in the lipid extract of spinach leaves, their number and variety being unprecedented in the field of plant sulfolipids. Moreover, the prevailing presence of a palmitic acyl chain (16:0) on the glycerol sn-2 position of spinach SQDGs suggests a prokaryotic or chloroplastic path as the main route for their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Zianni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4-70126, Bari, Italy
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Han L, Boakye-Yiadom M, Liu E, Zhang Y, Li W, Song X, Fu F, Gao X. Structural characterisation and identification of phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanches deserticola Y.C. Ma by UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:668-676. [PMID: 22678558 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are the major active constituents of Cistanches deserticola Y.C. Ma. However, the isolation, purification and identification procedures of PhGs are difficult and time-consuming. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and sensitive ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/ESI (electrospray ion source)-quadrupole time of flight (QTOF)-MS/MS method that could be applied to rapidly profile and identify PhGs. METHODOLOGY Seven standard compounds were used for the investigation of the fragmentation pattern. Based on the UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS method, the important structural information on the types of aglycone and saccharide sequences present should be obtained. RESULTS According to the HPLC retention behaviour, the proposed fragmentation pathways provided by high-resolution MS and MS/MS spectra and literature sources, a total of 13 PhGs in the crude extract of C. deserticola were identified or tentatively identified. CONCLUSION A rapid and accurate UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS method was established for the identification of PhGs in the crude extract of C. deserticola. This method therefore can be used for rapid prediction of the chemical constituents and qualities of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin, 300193, PR China
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Banskota AH, Gallant P, Stefanova R, Melanson R, O'Leary SJB. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, potent nitric oxide inhibitors from the marine microalga Tetraselmis chui. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:1084-90. [PMID: 22973805 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.717285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts of some marine and freshwater microalgae were tested for their nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among the tested extracts, Tetraselmis chui extract showed the strongest NO inhibitory activity, thus selected for further study. NO inhibitory activity guided isolation led to identification of two monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) (2S)-1-O-(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatetranoyl)-2-O-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z-hexadecatetranoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol (1) and (2S)-1-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrinoyl)-2-O-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z-hexadecatetranoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol (2) from the MeOH extract of T. chui. The stereo-chemistry of 1 was elucidated by classical degradation method. MGDGs 1 and 2 showed strong NO inhibitory activity compared to N(G)-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a well known NO inhibitor used as a positive control. Isolated MGDGs suppressed NO production through down-regulation of inducible NO synthase protein. A structure activity relationship study suggested that the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the MGDGs are responsible for NO inhibition. Moreover, increasing unsaturation on the fatty acid side chains enhanced the NO inhibitory potency of the MGDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun H Banskota
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada.
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Wei F, Bai X, Lin RC. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ESCi)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with novel mass spectrometryElevated Energy (MSE) data collection technique: Determination an. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1619-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; State Food and Drug Administration; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; State Food and Drug Administration; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd.; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; State Food and Drug Administration; Beijing P. R. China
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Analysis of plant galactolipids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with accurate mass measurement. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:601-7. [PMID: 22465211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The composition of plant membrane lipids was investigated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with accurate mass measurement. The data dependent methods for the analysis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) have been developed. The optimised chromatographic systems were based on a 2.0 mm i.d. Nucleosil C18 column with methanol/water (MGDGs) or acetonitrile/methanol/water (DGDGs) gradients. The galactolipids were ionised by electrospray operated in the positive ion mode and identified based on their MS/MS spectra. High resolution spectra with accurate masses were found to be essential for correct interpretation of the MS data. The elution order of non-oxidised MGDGs and DGDGs followed the equivalent carbon numbers. The methods were applied for detailed characterisation of the MGDGs and DGDGs in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana and Melissa officinalis.
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Lu N, Wei D, Chen F, Yang ST. Lipidomic profiling and discovery of lipid biomarkers in snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis under salt stress. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toxicological studies of Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) isolated from East China Sea. Toxicon 2011; 57:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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