1
|
Bustamante-Rangel M, Delgado-Zamarreño MM, Pérez-Martín L, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Domínguez-Álvarez J. Analysis of Isoflavones in Foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:391-411. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Bustamante-Rangel
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - María Milagros Delgado-Zamarreño
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Lara Pérez-Martín
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Encarnación Rodríguez-Gonzalo
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez-Álvarez
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Sciences; Univ. of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos s/n 37008 Salamanca Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Determination of Isoflavones in Soybean Flour by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with UV-Diode Array Detection. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/8049039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new analytical method, based on liquid chromatography (LC) with UV-diode array detection, for the simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein, and glycitein and their 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (daidzin, genistin, and glycitin, resp.) has been successfully developed. All the calibration curves showed good linearity within the concentration range 0.02–2 μg/ml. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.057 (genistin and glycitein), 0.124 μg/ml (genistein), 0.190 μg/ml (genistin and glycitein), and 0.410 μg/ml (genistein), respectively. Within-day and between-days precision were found not to be significantly different according to an F-test; values (% RSD) ranged from 2.0 to 2.9%. Extraction and clean-up of soybean flour samples were carried out using matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction (MSPD). The main parameters affecting extraction yield, such as dispersant, type and amount of additives, cosorbent, and extractive solvent, were evaluated and optimized. The average recovery values were between 85.7 and 102.6%. The target isoflavone concentration levels estimated in this work fit existing literature data and were comprised between 39.3 and 345.3 μg/g. The whole procedure has proved to be simple, accurate, precise, and cheap.
Collapse
|
3
|
Redruello B, Guadamuro L, Cuesta I, Álvarez-Buylla JR, Mayo B, Delgado S. A novel UHPLC method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1005:1-8. [PMID: 26444491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on a novel method involving reverse-phased ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) plus a spectrophotometric photodiode array/fluorescence (FLR) detection system for determining the concentration of equol and major soy isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) in human urine. The proposed method was validated in terms of its linearity, sensitivity, accuracy (recovery) and precision (intra- and inter-day repeatability). The isoflavone profiles of urine samples from a group of menopausal women following oral soy isoflavone supplementation were determined and compared. Screening for equol-producer status was accomplished with high sensitivity (detection limit of the FLR detector 2.93nM). The method involves a short chromatographic run time compared to conventional HPLC methods while allowing for the simultaneous and reliable quantification of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine. It also allows for the rapid screening of multiple urine samples when testing for equol production status and checking patient adherence to isoflavone treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Redruello
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía Guadamuro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jorge R Álvarez-Buylla
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uifălean A, Farcaş A, Ilieş M, Hegheş SC, Ionescu C, Iuga CA. Assessment of isoflavone aglycones variability in soy food supplements using a validated HPLC-UV method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:373-80. [PMID: 26609272 PMCID: PMC4632898 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soy supplements are often recommended in the management of menopause symptoms. The declared content of soy supplements is commonly expressed as total isoflavones per dosage form. Given that soy isoflavones have different estrogenic potencies, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the total isoflavone content and the aglycone profile of seven soy supplements and one soy seed extract. Label accuracy was assessed, in relation to the precise content and the recommended posology for estimating whether the optimal dose is achieved for alleviating menopause symptoms. METHODS A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for evaluating the aglycone content (genistein, daidzein, glycitein). After extraction and acidic hydrolysis, the aglycones were separated on a C18 column, using 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The flow rate was 1.5mL min(-1) and the UV detector wavelength was set at 260nm. A linear relationship was found in the range 5-80μg mL(-1). The method was validated using the accuracy profile methodology. RESULTS The total isoflavone content ranged from 6.07 to 41.68mg dosage form(-1). Various aglycone profiles were obtained for each supplement which can result in a different estrogenic activity, bioavailability and finally, in a different efficiency in alleviating menopause symptoms. In most clinical trials where soy isoflavones were evaluated, little attention was paid to determining the exact aglycone profile of the employed soy extracts. CONCLUSIONS As clinical outcomes continue to be controversial, this study highlights the need of standardization in genistein, rather than total isoflavones and labeling accuracy for soy supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Farcaş
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ilieş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Ionescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andres S, Hansen U, Niemann B, Palavinskas R, Lampen A. Determination of the isoflavone composition and estrogenic activity of commercial dietary supplements based on soy or red clover. Food Funct 2015; 6:2017-25. [PMID: 26023053 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements high in isolated isoflavones are commercially available for human consumption primarily to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women. The isoflavone composition, quantity and importantly their estrogenic potency are poorly standardised and can vary considerably between different products. The aim of this study was to analyse the isoflavone composition of 11 dietary supplements based on soy or red clover using the HPLC/MS/MS technique. Furthermore, we investigated the transactivational potential of the supplements on the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, performing luciferase reporter gene assays. As expected, we found that the isoflavone composition varies between different products. The measured total isoflavone contents in various supplements were mostly comparable to those claimed by the manufacturers in their product information. However expressing the isoflavone content as isoflavone aglycone equivalents, soy-based supplements had a clearly lower quantity compared to the manufacturer information. All supplements transactivated more or less ERα and ERβ with a preference for ERβ. The transactivational efficiency exceeded partly the maximal 17β-estradiol induced ER activation. While the different soy-based supplements revealed similar transactivation potential to both ERs, red clover-based supplements differed considerably. We conclude that different commercial dietary supplements based on soy or red clover vary in their isoflavone composition and quantity. They are estrogenically active, although especially the red clover-based supplements show considerable differences in their estrogenic potential to ERα and ERβ. Thus, different isoflavone-rich products cannot be necessarily compared regarding possible biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Csupor D, Bognár J, Karsai J. An Optimized Method for the Quantification of Isoflavones in Dry Soy Extract Containing Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Nemitz MC, Yatsu FKJ, Bidone J, Koester LS, Bassani VL, Garcia CV, Mendez ASL, von Poser GL, Teixeira HF. A versatile, stability-indicating and high-throughput ultra-fast liquid chromatography method for the determination of isoflavone aglycones in soybeans, topical formulations, and permeation assays. Talanta 2015; 134:183-193. [PMID: 25618656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the pharmaceutical field concerning isoflavones topical delivery systems, especially with regard to their skin care properties and antiherpetic activity. In this context, the present work describes an ultra-fast liquid chromatography method (UFLC) for determining daidzein, glycitein, and genistein in different matrices during the development of topical systems containing isoflavone aglycones (IA) obtained from soybeans. The method showed to be specific, precise, accurate, and linear (0.1 to 5 µg mL(-1)) for IA determination in soybean acid extract, IA-rich fraction obtained after the purification process, IA loaded-nanoemulsions, and topical hydrogel, as well as for permeation/retention assays in porcine skin and porcine esophageal mucosa. The matrix effect was determined for all complex matrices, demonstrating low effect during the analysis. The stability indicating UFLC method was verified by submitting IA to acidic, alkaline, oxidative, and thermal stress conditions, and no interference of degradation products was detected during analysis. Mass spectrometry was performed to show the main compounds produced after acid hydrolysis of soybeans, as well as suggest the main degradation products formed after stress conditions. Besides the IA, hydroxymethylfurfural and ethoxymethylfurfural were produced and identified after acid hydrolysis of the soybean extract and well separated by the UFLC method. The method's robustness was confirmed using the Plackett-Burman experimental design. Therefore, the new method affords fast IA analysis during routine processes, extract purification, products development, and bioanalytical assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Nemitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francini K J Yatsu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bidone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valquiria L Bassani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cássia V Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreas S L Mendez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 Km 585 Prédio Administrativo CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilsane L von Poser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helder F Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Islam MA, Hooiveld GJEJ, van den Berg JHJ, Boekschoten MV, van der Velpen V, Murk AJ, Rietjens IMCM, van Leeuwen FXR. Plasma bioavailability and changes in PBMC gene expression after treatment of ovariectomized rats with a commercial soy supplement. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:308-321. [PMID: 28962364 PMCID: PMC5598277 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The health effects of soy supplementation in (post)menopausal women are still a controversial issue. The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of the soy isoflavones (SIF) present in a commercially available supplement on ovariectomized rats and to investigate whether these rats would provide an adequate model to predict effects of SIF in (post)menopausal women. Two dose levels (i.e. 2 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) were used to characterize plasma bioavailability, urinary and fecal concentrations of SIF and changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Animals were dosed at 0 and 48 h and sacrificed 4 h after the last dose. A clear dose dependent increase of SIF concentrations in plasma, urine and feces was observed, together with a strong correlation in changes in gene expression between the two dose groups. All estrogen responsive genes and related biological pathways (BPs) that were affected by the SIF treatment were regulated in both dose groups in the same direction and indicate beneficial effects. However, in general no correlation was found between the changes in gene expression in rat PBMC with those in PBMC of (post)menopausal women exposed to a comparable dose of the same supplement. The outcome of this short-term study in rats indicates that the rat might not be a suitable model to predict effects of SIF in humans. Although the relative exposure period in this rat study is comparable with that of the human study, longer repetitive administration of rats to SIF may be required to draw a final conclusion on the suitability of the rat a model to predict effects of SIF in humans.
Collapse
Key Words
- BPs, biological pathways
- Bioavailability
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Dose effect
- E2, estradiol
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EREs, estrogen-responsive elements
- ERs, estrogen receptors
- GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis
- Gene expression
- HD, high dose
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- KEGG, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- LD, low dose
- MDS, multidimensional scaling
- NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- SIF, soy isoflavones
- Soy supplementation
- Species differences
- UPC, universal expression code
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Islam
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van der Velpen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F X Rolaf van Leeuwen
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van der Velpen V, Geelen A, Hollman PCH, Schouten EG, van 't Veer P, Afman LA. Isoflavone supplement composition and equol producer status affect gene expression in adipose tissue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1269-77. [PMID: 25332325 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavone supplements, consumed by women experiencing menopausal symptoms, are suggested to have positive effects on menopause-related adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk profile, but discussions about their safety are still ongoing. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the effects of an 8-wk consumption of 2 different isoflavone supplements compared with placebo on whole-genome gene expression in the adipose tissue of postmenopausal women. DESIGN This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover intervention consisted of 2 substudies, one with a low-genistein (LG) supplement (56% daidzein + daidzin, 16% genistein + genistin, and 28% glycitein + glycitin) and the other with a high-genistein (HG) supplement (49% daidzein + daidzin, 41% genistein + genistin, and 10% glycitein + glycitin). Both supplements provided ∼ 100 mg isoflavones/d (aglycone equivalents). After the 8-wk isoflavone and placebo period, whole-genome arrays were performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue of postmenopausal women (n = 26 after LG, n = 31 after HG). Participants were randomized by equol-producing phenotype, and data analysis was performed per substudy for equol producers and nonproducers separately. RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis showed downregulation of expression of energy metabolism-related genes after LG supplementation (n = 24) in both equol-producing phenotypes and oppositely regulated expression for equol producers (down) and nonproducers (up) after HG supplementation (n = 31). Expression of inflammation-related genes was upregulated in equol producers but downregulated in nonproducers, independent of supplement type. Only 4.4-7.0% of the genes with significantly changed expression were estrogen responsive. Body weight, adipocyte size, and plasma lipid profile were not affected by isoflavone supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Effects of isoflavones on adipose tissue gene expression were influenced by supplement composition and equol-producing phenotype, whereas estrogen-responsive effects were lacking. LG isoflavone supplementation resulted in a caloric restriction-like gene expression profile for both producer phenotypes and pointed toward a potential beneficial effect, whereas both supplements induced anti-inflammatory gene expression in equol producers. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01556737.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Anouk Geelen
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Peter C H Hollman
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Evert G Schouten
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Pieter van 't Veer
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Lydia A Afman
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
López-Gutiérrez N, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL. Identification and quantification of the main isoflavones and other phytochemicals in soy based nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1348:125-36. [PMID: 24835762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific phytochemicals composition of soy nutritional supplements is usually not labelled. Hence, 12 dietary supplements were analyzed in order to detect and identify the main phytochemicals present in these samples, using a database containing 60 compounds. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to single-stage Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) has been used. Two consecutive extractions, using as extraction solvent a mixture of methanol:water (80:20, v/v), were employed, followed by two dilutions (10 or 100 times depending on the concentration of the components in the sample) with a mixture of an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate 30mM:methanol (50:50, v/v). The method was validated, obtaining adequate recovery and precision values. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were calculated, ranging from 2 to 150μgL(-1). Isoflavones were the predominant components present in the analyzed supplements with values higher than 93% of the total amount of phytochemicals in all cases. The aglycones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein and biochanin A) as well as their three conjugated forms, β-glucosides (genistin, daizin and glycitin) were detected and quantified, being daidzein the isoflavone detected at higher concentration in 8 out of 12 samples reported, with values ranging from 684 to 35,970mgkg(-1), whereas biochanin A was detected at very low concentrations, ranging from 18 to 50mgkg(-1). Moreover, other phytochemicals as flavones, flavonols, flavanones and phenolic acids were also detected and quantified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - José Luis Martínez Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Islam MA, Punt A, Spenkelink B, Murk AJ, Rolaf van Leeuwen FX, Rietjens IMCM. Conversion of major soy isoflavone glucosides and aglycones in in vitro intestinal models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:503-15. [PMID: 24668774 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study compares conversion of three major soy isoflavone glucosides and their aglycones in a series of in vitro intestinal models. METHODS AND RESULTS In an in vitro human digestion model isoflavone glucosides were not deconjugated, whereas studies in a Caco-2 transwell model confirmed that deconjugation is essential to facilitate transport across the intestinal barrier. Deconjugation was shown upon incubation of the isoflavone glucosides with rat as well as human intestinal S9. In incubations with rat intestinal S9 lactase phlorizin hydrolase, glucocerebrosidase, and cytosolic broad-specific β-glucosidase all contribute significantly to deconjugation, whereas in incubations with human intestinal S9 deconjugation appeared to occur mainly through the activity of broad-specific β-glucosidase. Species differences in glucuronidation and sulfation were limited and generally within an order of magnitude with 7-O-glucuronides being the major metabolites for all three isoflavone aglycones and the glucuronidation during first pass metabolism being more efficient in rats than in humans. Comparison of the catalytic efficiencies reveals that deconjugation is less efficient than conjugation confirming that aglycones are unlikely to enter the systemic circulation. CONCLUSION Altogether, the data point at possible differences in the characteristics for intestinal conversion of the major soy isoflavones between rat and human, especially with respect to their deconjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Islam
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Serrano A, van Bommel M, Hallett J. Evaluation between ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analytical methods for characterizing natural dyestuffs. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:102-11. [PMID: 24139502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation was undertaken of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) in comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for characterizing natural dyes in cultural heritage objects. A new UHPLC method was optimized by testing several analytical parameters adapted from prior UHPLC studies developed in diverse fields of research. Different gradient elution programs were tested on seven UHPLC columns with different dimensions and stationary phase compositions by applying several mobile phases, flow rates, temperatures, and runtimes. The UHPLC method successfully provided more improved data than that achieved by the HPLC method. Indeed, even though carminic acid has shown circa 146% higher resolution with HPLC, UHPLC resulted in an increase of 41-61% resolution and a decrease of 91-422% limit of detection, depending on the dye compound. The optimized method was subsequently assigned to analyse 59 natural reference materials, in which 85 different components were ascribed with different physicochemical properties, in order to create a spectral database for future characterization of dyes in cultural heritage objects. The majority of these reference samples could be successfully distinguished with one single method through the examination of these compounds' retention times and their spectra acquired with a photodiode array detector. These results demonstrate that UHPLC analyses are extremely valuable for the acquisition of more precise chromatographic information concerning natural dyes with complex mixtures of different and/or closely related physicochemical properties, essential for distinguishing similar species of plants and animals used to colour cultural heritage objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Serrano
- Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), Sector Research Movable Heritage, P.O. Box 1600, 3800 BP Amersfoort, The Netherlands; CHAM (Centre for Overseas History), Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa e Universidade dos Açores, Avenida de Berna, 1069 - 061 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fiechter G, Opacak I, Raba B, Mayer H. A new ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography method for the determination of total isoflavone aglycones after enzymatic hydrolysis: Application to analyze isoflavone levels in soybean cultivars. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Gavina JMA, Priem J, Wood CM, Xiao CW, Feng YL. Determination of isoflavones in rat serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a highly efficient core-shell column. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2643-51. [PMID: 23334221 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption and nutritional supplementation of soy and soy-based products have been linked to health benefits such as lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In this study, we have developed a sensitive, specific, and robust method using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for determination of serum isoflavones. A new highly efficient pentafluorophenyl phase core-shell column was first used to separate all isoflavones within 3 min, a separation time which is comparable to ultra-pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) and micro-HPLC. A two-enzyme hydrolysis system with sulfatase and β-glucuronidase has also been developed to improve the efficiency of deconjugation of conjugated isoflavones in serum. The corresponding conjugated isoflavones were used to evaluate recoveries. In addition to duplicates, the method of standard addition was also applied in sample analysis for quality control. The developed method was applied to the analysis of 32 serum samples and was shown to be specific, sensitive and reproducible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennilee M A Gavina
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoshiara LY, Madeira TB, Delaroza F, da Silva JB, Ida EI. Optimization of soy isoflavone extraction with different solvents using the simplex-centroid mixture design. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:978-86. [PMID: 22621769 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.690026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of different isoflavone forms (glycosidic, malonyl-glycosidic, aglycone and total) from defatted cotyledon soy flour using the simplex-centroid experimental design with four solvents of varying polarity (water, acetone, ethanol and acetonitrile). The obtained extracts were then analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The profile of the different soy isoflavones forms varied with different extractions solvents. Varying the solvent or mixture used, the extraction of different isoflavones was optimized using the centroid-simplex mixture design. The special cubic model best fitted to the four solvents and its combination for soy isoflavones extraction. For glycosidic isoflavones extraction, the polar ternary mixture (water, acetone and acetonitrile) achieved the best extraction; malonyl-glycosidic forms were better extracted with mixtures of water, acetone and ethanol. Aglycone isoflavones, water and acetone mixture were best extracted and total isoflavones, the best solvents were ternary mixture of water, acetone and ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Yuri Yoshiara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kiss B, Popa DS, Paltinean R, Loghin F. A HIGH-THROUGHPUT UPLC-MS/MS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SIX PHYTOESTROGENS FROM GENISTA TINCTORIA EXTRACTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.638410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kiss
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ramona Paltinean
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| |
Collapse
|