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Chen L, Li X. Simultaneous identification and enantioseparation of ofloxacin and duloxetine without the single standard and computational calculation of their inclusion complexes. Chirality 2024; 36:e23661. [PMID: 38454837 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Given the markedly different pharmacological activities between enantiomeric isomers, it is crucial to encourage the stereoselective determination of chiral drugs in the biological and pharmaceutical fields, and the combination of drugs makes this analysis more complicated and challenging. Herein, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the enantioseparation of ofloxacin and duloxetine was established, enabling the simultaneous identification of four isomers in nonracemic mixtures with enantiomeric excess (ee%) values exceeding 5%. This was achieved through the integration of theoretical simulation and electron circular dichroism (ECD), all without reliance on individual standards. Molecular modeling explained and verified the migration time differences of these isomers in electrophoretic separation. Moreover, the correlation coefficients (R2 ) between the enantiomeric peak area differentials and ee% were both above 0.99. Recovery rates were quantified using bovine serum as the matrix, with results ranging from 93.32% to 101.03% (RSD = 0.030) and 92.69% to 100.52% (RSD = 0.028) for these two chiral drugs at an ee value of 23.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, China
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2
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Wang S, Zhou R, Du K, Shang Y, He J, Li J, Yao Y, Chang YX. Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Nine Active Ingredients in Sanyetangzhiqing by Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Electrophoresis-Diode Array Detector. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:4840457. [PMID: 37476694 PMCID: PMC10356514 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4840457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive strategy using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detector was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of nine components in Sanyetangzhiqing (SYTZQ), a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent. Several important parameters affecting separation performance were evaluated and optimized using single variable methods. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the nine components, including four flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronoside, and astragalin), four phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and lithospermic acid), and a monoterpenoids (paeoniflorin), were achieved in less than 16 min. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were over 0.9996 for all the analytes. Intraday and interday precisions ranged from 0.4% to 4.8% and 1.7% to 5.0%, respectively. Recoveries of analytes varied from 95.3% to 105%. Validation results as well as the application to analyse SYTZQ samples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method and thus provided an effective tool for the quality control of SYTZQ. Moreover, with the advantages of short time consuming, low energy consumption, high efficiency, and low cost, this method has laid a foundation for the determination and quality evaluation of multicomponents in Chinese herbal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kunze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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3
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Lei M, Wang X, Zhang T, Shi Y, Wen J, Zhang Q. Homochiral Eu 3+@MOF Composite for the Enantioselective Detection and Separation of ( R/ S)-Ornidazole. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6764-6772. [PMID: 35481747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of homochiral materials for the enantioselective detection and separation of chiral drugs is in high demand for the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, an anionic homochiral metal-organic framework (HMOF) with in situ generated [Me2NH2]+ counterions, {[Me2NH2]2[Zn2(d-L)2(HCO2)(OH)]·5H2O}n (HMOF-1), was synthesized using a d-camphorate-derived enantiopure dicarboxylate ligand, 4,4'-[[(1R,3S)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarbonyl]bis(azanediyl)]dibenzoic acid (d-H2L) via a simple solvothermal method. Interestingly, HMOF-1 could be used as a parent framework to encapsulate Eu3+ cations via an ion-exchange process, yielding an Eu3+@HMOF-1 composite with dual-luminescent centers. The obtained Eu3+@HMOF-1 has high chemical stability and good luminescence stability in water. Importantly, Eu3+@HMOF-1 exhibits enhanced enantioselectivity and sensitivity in the detection of an important chiral nitroimidazole antibiotic, (R/S)-ornidazole (ONZ) in comparison to HMOF-1 under the same aqueous conditions. The enantiomeric excess (ee) value of the ONZ enantiomers can be accurately determined by the ratio of dual emission from the ligand and Eu3+. In addition, Eu3+@HMOF-1 shows the enantioselective separation of racemic ONZ enantiomers with an ee value of 86.6%. This work provides a simple strategy for the preparation of LnIII-incorporated HMOF composite materials for the simultaneous enantioselective detection and separation of chiral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Tianjun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinghong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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4
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Abousalih FZ, Karbane ME, Echerfaoui F, Benchekroun YH, Karrouchi K, Azougagh M, Bouchafra H, Bouatia M. Optimization of a Ligand Exchange Chromatography Method for the Enantioselective Separation of Levofloxacin and Its Chiral Impurity. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1690-1697. [PMID: 34115099 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone that has several advantages over its (R) ofloxacin isomer. It is used to treat different types of infection, including urinary infection and prostatitis. OBJECTIVE A new HPLC method for the enantioselective separation of levofloxacin and its chiral impurity was developed and validated to improve the separation of the enantiomers of levofloxacin [impurity(R) and active principle (S)] by increasing the value of the resolution between the eutomer and the distomer. METHOD Chromatographic separation was performed on a Prodigy ODS -2, 5 µm 4.6 × 150 mm column, with a gradient of buffer solution and methanol (80:20, v/v). A Box-Behnken design was considered when optimizing the enantioseparation involving the effects of many factors such as the concentration of d-phenylalanine, the pH of the buffer, the percentage of organic modifier in the mobile phase, the flow rate, the temperature of the column, and the type of column. RESULTS Chiral separation was achieved with an optimal resolution of 3.8. The method was successfully validated following the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline, fulfilling the acceptance criteria for selectivity [no interference in the retention time of (S) levofloxacin and (R) levofloxacin], linearity (r ≥0.999 in the range 1.25-3.75 µg/mL for all enantiomers), and precision (RSD <2%). Accuracy was assessed by the application of the analytical method to an analyte of known purity, providing evidence for the usefulness of this monitoring system. CONCLUSIONS The method was successfully used for the determination of levofloxacin impurity in raw material and pharmaceutical dosage forms. HIGHLIGHTS The following method is accurate and robust to quantify and characterize the presence of levofloxacin impurity in raw material for pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Abousalih
- Faculté de Médicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Miloud El Karbane
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Chimie organique Appliquée, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Fouad Echerfaoui
- Faculté de Médicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Hameda Benchekroun
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Chimie organique Appliquée, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Khalid Karrouchi
- Faculté de Médicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Houda Bouchafra
- Faculté de Médicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Bouatia
- Faculté de Médicine et de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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5
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Essam HM, Saad MN, Elzanfaly ES, Amer SM. Stepwise optimization and sensitivity improvement of green micellar electrokinetic chromatography method to simultaneously determine some fluoroquinolones and glucocorticoids present in various binary ophthalmic formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4941. [PMID: 32627197 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography method is presented to simultaneously quantify ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate. The method has the advantages of being rapid, accurate, reproducible, ecologically acceptable and sensitive. The electrophoretic separation utilized 20 mm borate buffer as background electrolyte with pH 10.0 ± 0.1 and 50 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate as a micelle forming molecule. A capillary tube (50 μm i.d., 33 cm) of fused silica was used and on-column diode array detection at 243 nm for dexamethasone sodium phosphate and prednisolone acetate, and 290 nm for ofloxacin and gatifloxacin. Various factors were optimized such as the background electrolyte (type, concentration and pH), addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate and its concentration, detection wavelength, applied voltage and injection parameters. The studied drugs were efficiently separated in 6.2 min, at 20 kV with high resolution. The greenness of the method was estimated using an eco-scale tool and the presented method was found to have excellent green characteristics. The method was validated in conformance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, with acceptable accuracy, precision and selectivity. The suggested method can be employed for the economic analysis of the four drugs in dissimilar binary combinations of eye drops saving solvents and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah M Essam
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martin N Saad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Casado N, Valimaña-Traverso J, García MÁ, Marina ML. Enantiomeric Determination of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Samples by Electrokinetic Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:554-584. [PMID: 31569950 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1670043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is a relevant issue in the pharmaceutical field due to the different biological activity that enantiomers of a chiral drug can show. In fact, the desired biological or pharmaceutical activity might be present in only one of the enantiomers, while the other enantiomer(s) may have different biological activity, be inactive or even toxic. This has motivated in recent years the development of drugs marketed as pure enantiomers to avoid exposing the organism to the action of enantiomers that may not be active or even harmful to health. Thus, it is of high interest to develop enantioselective analytical methodologies to control the presence of enantiomeric impurities and to understand the enantioselective metabolism of chiral drugs. This review gives an overview about the analytical strategies developed by electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) from 2010 to June 2019 for the enantiomeric determination of drugs in both pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. The types of chiral selectors used, the migration order of enantiomers, their resolution, the detection technique employed and the sensitivity achieved are revised and compared. Also, applications to assess the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceutical formulations and to determine chiral drugs in biological samples to study their metabolism are included. Advantages and limitations of the chiral methods developed by EKC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Casado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Valimaña-Traverso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química, "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química, "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Pires BC, Coelho JF, Silva CF, Dutra FV, Guimarães L, Nascimento CS, Borges KB. Enantioselective separation of bupropion and its major metabolite hydroxybupropion: An experimental and theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Azeem W, John P, Nazar MF, Ashfaq M, Khan IU, Sharif S, Riaz A. Fixed-Dose Combination Antibiotics Interacting with a Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant: Insights from Spectral and Chromatographic Measurements. J SOLUTION CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-018-0773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Yao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Guo X. Determination of brompheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography method. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2099-2106. [PMID: 29756294 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method consisting of cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping (CSEI-sweeping) as online preconcentration followed by a cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography (CDEKC) enantioseparation has been developed for the simultaneous determination of two brompheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma. In this method, analytes were electrokinetically injected at a voltage of 8 kV for 80 s in a fused-silica capillary. Prior to the injection, the capillary was rinsed with 50 mM phosphate buffer of pH 3.5, followed by a plug of a higher conductivity buffer (150 mM phosphate pH 3.5, 20 psi, 6 min) and a plug of water (0.5 psi, 5 s). Separation was carried out applying -20 kV in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, containing 10% v/v ACN and 30 mg/mL sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD). Analytical signals were monitored at 210 nm. The detection sensitivity of brompheniramine enantiomers was enhanced by about 2400-fold compared to the normal injection mode (hydrodynamic injection for 3 s at 0.5 psi, with a BGE of 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 20 mg/mL S-β-CD at pH 3.5), and LLOQ of two enantiomers were both 0.0100 μg/mL. In addition, this method had fairly good repeatability and showed promising capabilities in the application of stereoselective pharmacokinetic investigations for brompheniramine enantiomers in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Fakhari AR, Mohammadi Kosalar H, Asadi S, Hasheminasab KS. Surfactant-assisted electromembrane extraction combined with cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis for the separation and quantification of Tranylcypromine enantiomers in biological samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:475-482. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajad Asadi
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Kobra Sadat Hasheminasab
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
- Soil and Water Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Karaj Iran
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11
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Yao Y, Zhou L, Li M, Guo X. The cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of chlorpheniramine enantiomers in rat plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Liu Y, Wang X. Enantioseparation of ofloxacin and its four related substances with ligand exchange-micellar electrokinetic chromatography using copper(II)-L-isoleucine complex as chiral selector. Chirality 2017; 29:422-429. [PMID: 28560736 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A ligand-exchange micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis system with copper(II)-L-isoleucine complexes as the chiral selector incorporated in micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was developed for the enantioseparation of ofloxacin and its four related substances (impurities A, C, E, and F). The effects of important parameters affecting separation such as buffer pH, SDS concentration, chiral selector concentration, and organic additive were investigated in detail. Under optimum experimental conditions, enantioseparation of ofloxacin, impurities A, C, E, and F enantiomers was accomplished with resolutions of 4.28, 2.83, 3.40, 3.58, and 2.46, respectively. Further, simultaneous separation of impurities A, C, E, and F enantiomers was achieved using 10 mmol/L NH4 OAc as the running buffer containing 4 mmol/L copper sulfate,20 mmol/L L-isoleucine, 20 mmol/L SDS, and 5% methanol at pH 8.5. To the best of our knowledge, the simultaneous enantioseparation of four impurities of ofloxacin has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
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13
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Zhu B, Xu S, Guo X, Wei L, Yu J, Wang T. Use of various β-cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors for the enantiomeric separation of ofloxacin and its five related substances by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1784-1795. [PMID: 28168817 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic method for the enantioseparation of ofloxacin and its five related substances (potential impurities, indicated as impurities B-F) was developed using β-cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies about using capillary electrophoresis for the separation of impurities B-D. Six β-cyclodextrin derivatives including cationic (piperidine- and cyclohexylamine-), neutral (dimethyl- and hydroxypropyl-), and anionic (carboxymethyl- and sulfated-) β-cyclodextrin derivatives were tested and operational parameters such as buffer pH and concentration of β-cyclodextrin derivatives were investigated. The best resolutions were all obtained with anionic β-cyclodextrin derivatives: ofloxacin, impurities C-F could be best resolved with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin at satisfactory resolutions of 8.27, 9.98, 5.92, 8.49 and 6.78, respectively, while for impurity B, a particularly impressive resolution value, up to 21.38, was observed using sulfated-β-cyclodextrin. The enhancement of enantioseparation observed for the tested analytes using anionic β-cyclodextrin derivatives might be due to some favorable interaction between selectors and analytes. Given the fact that the selection of chiral selector depends on the structures of analytes, with the help of structural similarities and differences of the analytes, the structure-separation relationship was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wei
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Tiejie Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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14
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Recent advances on the use of cyclodextrins in the chiral analysis of drugs by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:79-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Al Azzam KM, Abdallah HH, Halim HNA, Ahmad MA, Shaibah H. Host-Guest Inclusion Complexes between Amlodipine Enantiomers in the Biphasic Recognition Chiral Extraction System using Tartaric Acid and β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Positive Confirmation by using their Enantioselective Extraction. Sci Pharm 2016; 83:683-98. [PMID: 26839848 PMCID: PMC4727725 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1501-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work reports an extended theoretical study from our previous experimental work for the enantioselective extraction of amlodipine enantiomers in a biphasic recognition chiral extraction system (BRCES) consisting of hydrophobic D-diisopropyl tartrate dissolved in organic phase (n-decanol) and hydrophilic hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in aqueous phase (acetate buffer) which preferentially recognize the R-enantiomer and S-enantiomer, respectively. The calculations were simulated using a semi-empirical PM3 method as a part of the Gaussian09 software package and were used to optimize the structures of the hosts, guests, and host-guest complexes in the gas phase without any restrictions. It was found that HP-β-CD has the strongest recognition ability among the three β-CD derivatives studied, namely HP-β-CD, hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin (HE-β-CD), and methylated-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD), due to the large interaction energies (Ecomp = −14.3025 kcal/ mol), while D-diisopropyl tartrate has the strongest ability among the four tartaric acid derivatives studied namely; L-diisopropyl tartrate, D-diisopropyl tartrate, L-diethyl tartrate, and D-diethyl tartrate (Ecomp = −5.9964 kcal/ mol). The computational calculations for the enantioselective partitioning of amlodipine enantiomers rationalized the reasons for the different behaviors for this extraction. The present theoretical results may be informative to scientists who are devoting themselves to developing models for their experimental parts or for enhancing the hydrophobic drug solubility in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldun M Al Azzam
- Pharmacy program, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology (BMC), 21442 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hairul N Abdul Halim
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Akmam Ahmad
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Shaibah
- Pharmacy program, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology (BMC), 21442 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Suliman FO, Elbashir AA, Schmitz OJ. Study on the separation of ofloxacin enantiomers by hydroxyl-propyl-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis: a computational approach. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Kaale E, Höllein L, Holzgrabe U. Development and validation of a generic stability-indicating MEEKC method for five fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2736-2744. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliangiringa Kaale
- University of Würzburg; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
- School of Pharmacy; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences; Dar Es Salaam Tanzania
| | - Ludwig Höllein
- University of Würzburg; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
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Al Azzam KM, Muhammad E. Host-guest Inclusion Complexes between Mitiglinide and the Naturally Occurring Cyclodextrins α, β, and γ: A Theoretical Approach. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:289-91. [PMID: 26236670 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study is aimed to study the host-guest inclusion complexation of the naturally occurring cyclodextrins (CDs), namely; (α-CD,β-CD, and γ-CD) with mitiglinide (MIT). METHODS Host-guest inclusion complexation was simulated using semi-empirical PM3 method. RESULTS The obtained results clearly indicate that the complexes formed are energetically favored in the presence of γ-CD (Ecomp = -17.884 kcal/mol) of the optimal configurations of (1:1) MIT/γ-CD inclusion complexes. Moreover, the results obtained reveal that the formation of more stable MIT/γ-CD complex compared to MIT/α-CD or MIT/β-CD complexes is primarily due to differences in intermolecular hydrogen bonding. CONCLUSION The present theoretical results may be informative to scientists who are devoting themselves to developing effective methods for enhancing the drug solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldun Mohammad Al Azzam
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College for Science and Technology (BMC), 21442 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ermafatiha Muhammad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Yu J, Liang X, Wang Z, Guo X, Sun T, Guo X. Separation of folinic acid diastereomers in capillary electrophoresis using a new cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120216. [PMID: 25781478 PMCID: PMC4364531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the separation of folinic acid diastereomers by capillary electrophoresis in chiral separation media was developed. Aiming to achieve a good separation of the anionic analytes, a newly synthesized cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative, mono-6-deoxy-6-piperdine-β-cyclodextrin, was applied as the chiral selector. The effect of background electrolyte pH, the concentration of the cyclodextrin additive, and organic modifier on the separation was investigated. A good separation of folinic acid diastereomers was obtained with 30 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 6.50 containing 6.0 mmol/L of mono-6-deoxy-6-piperdine-β-cyclodextrin in 10% acetonitrile. Based on the capillary electrophoresis data, the binding constants of each diastereomer with mono-6-deoxy-6-piperdine-β-cyclodextrin were determined. Moreover, a computational modeling study, using the semi-empirical PM3 method, was used to discuss the possible mechanism of separation of folinic acid with mono-6-deoxy-6-piperdine-β-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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Wan Ibrahim WA, Arsad SR, Maarof H, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral Separation of Four Stereoisomers of Ketoconazole Drugs Using Capillary Electrophoresis. Chirality 2014; 27:223-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Siti Rosilah Arsad
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hasmerya Maarof
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Nanotechnology Research Alliance; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Sukdai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo Egypt
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21
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Řezanka P, Navrátilová K, Řezanka M, Král V, Sýkora D. Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2701-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Klára Navrátilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials; Advanced Technologies and Innovation; Technical University of Liberec; Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
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22
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Determination of impurities and counterions of pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2039-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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23
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Li W, Zhao L, Zhang H, Chen X, Chen S, Zhu Z, Hong Z, Chai Y. Enantioseparation of new triadimenol antifungal active compounds by electrokinetic chromatography and molecular modeling study of chiral recognition mechanisms. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2855-62. [PMID: 24615979 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Li
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; Shanghai China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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24
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Elqudaby H, Mohamed GG, Ali F, Eid S. Validated voltammetric method for the determination of some antiprotozoa drugs based on the reduction at an activated glassy carbon electrode. ARAB J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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25
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Cui Y, Ma X, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Xu S, Guo X. Combined Use of Ionic Liquid and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin for the Enantioseparation of Ten Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis. Chirality 2013; 25:409-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Wenhua Road 103 Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Wenhua Road 103 Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Wenhua Road 103 Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Wenhua Road 103 Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Wenhua Road 103 Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Wenhua Road 103 Shenyang People's Republic of China
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26
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Deng X, Yuan Y, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. Development and validation of a sensitive enantiomeric separation method for new single enantiomer drug levornidazole by CD-capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2013; 106:186-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Li W, Tan G, Zhao L, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Chai Y. Computer-aided molecular modeling study of enantioseparation of iodiconazole and structurally related triadimenol analogues by capillary electrophoresis: chiral recognition mechanism and mathematical model for predicting chiral separation. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 718:138-47. [PMID: 22305909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of iodiconazole, a new antifungal drug, and 12 new structurally related triadimenol analogues had been developed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) as the chiral selector. The effect of structural features of analytes on Δt and R(s) was studied under the optimum separation conditions. Using molecular docking technique and binding energy calculations, the inclusion process between HP-γ-CD and enantiomers was investigated and chiral recognition mechanisms were discussed. The results suggest that hydrogen bonding between fluorine at position 4 of the phenyl group beside the chiral carbon and the hydroxyl group on the HP-γ-CD rim and face to face π-π interactions between two phenyl rings highly contributed to the enantiorecognition process between HP-γ-CD and iodiconazole. The N-methyl group beside chiral carbon also played an important role in enantiomeric separation. Additionally, the big difference in binding energy (ΔΔE) highly contributed to good separation in the presence of HP-γ-CD chiral selector, which may be a helpful initial guide for chiral selector selection and predicting the result of enantioseparation. Furthermore, the new mathematical equation established based on the results of molecular mechanics calculations exhibited good capability in predicting chiral separation of these triadimenol analogues using HP-γ-CD mediated CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 N. State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, United States
| | - Karen D. Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 N. State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, United States
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29
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Lin Y, Su Y, Liao X, Yang N, Yang X, Choi MMF. Determination of five nitroimidazole residues in artificial porcine muscle tissue samples by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 88:646-52. [PMID: 22265553 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet detection has been developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of five nitroimidazoles including benzoylmetronidazole, dimetridazole, metronidazole, ronidazole, and secnidazole in porcine muscles. Nitroimidazoles in samples were extracted by ethyl acetate with subsequent clean-up by a strong cation exchange solid phase extraction column. The clean extracts were subjected to CE separation with optimal experimental conditions: pH 3.0 running buffer containing 25mM sodium phosphate and 0.10mM tetrabutylammonium bromide, 5s hydrodynamic injection at 0.5psi and 28kV separation voltage. The nitroimidazoles could be monitored and detected at 320nm within 18min. The limits of detection were below 1.0μg/kg and limits of quantification were lower than 3.2μg/kg for all nitroimidazoles in the muscle samples. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 85.4-96.0, 83.5-92.5, 1.3-3.9, and 1.1-4.2%, respectively for the intra-day and inter-day analyses. The proposed CE method has been successfully applied to determine nitroimidazoles in artificial porcine muscle samples with good accuracy and recovery, demonstrating that it has potential for detection and quantification of multi-nitroimidazole residue in real muscle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Lin
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, PR China
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Aguiar FA, de Gaitani CM, Borges KB. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of isradipine enantiomers: Stability studies and pharmaceutical formulation analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2673-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Fundamental aspects of chiral electromigration techniques and application in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 55:688-701. [PMID: 21131154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electromigration techniques are often considered ideal methods for the analysis of chiral compounds due to the high resolution power and flexibility of the technique. Therefore, especially capillary electrophoresis using a chiral selector in the background electrolyte, also termed electrokinetic chromatography, has found widespread acceptance in analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. Moreover, mechanistic studies on analyte complexation by the chiral selectors have continuously been conducted in an effort to rationalize enantioseparation phenomena. These studies combined capillary electrophoresis with spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and/or molecular modeling. The present review focuses on recent examples of mechanistic aspects of capillary electromigration enantioseparations and summarizes recent applications of chiral pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2009 and August 2010.
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