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Jin Y, Schladetsch MA, Huang X, Balunas MJ, Wiemer AJ. Stepping forward in antibody-drug conjugate development. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 229:107917. [PMID: 34171334 PMCID: PMC8702582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are cancer therapeutic agents comprised of an antibody, a linker and a small-molecule payload. ADCs use the specificity of the antibody to target the toxic payload to tumor cells. After intravenous administration, ADCs enter circulation, distribute to tumor tissues and bind to the tumor surface antigen. The antigen then undergoes endocytosis to internalize the ADC into tumor cells, where it is transported to lysosomes to release the payload. The released toxic payloads can induce apoptosis through DNA damage or microtubule inhibition and can kill surrounding cancer cells through the bystander effect. The first ADC drug was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, but the following decade saw no new approved ADC drugs. From 2011 to 2018, four ADC drugs were approved, while in 2019 and 2020 five more ADCs entered the market. This demonstrates an increasing trend for the clinical development of ADCs. This review summarizes the recent clinical research, with a specific focus on how the in vivo processing of ADCs influences their design. We aim to provide comprehensive information about current ADCs to facilitate future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Megan A Schladetsch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueting Huang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marcy J Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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2
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Pang X, Liu X, Peng L, Chen Z, Qiu J, Su X, Yu C, Zhang J, Weng R. Wide-scope multi-residue analysis of pesticides in beef by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 351:129345. [PMID: 33647691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing pesticide contamination in foods of animal origin has made the wide-scope multi-residue analysis of pesticides an international concern. In this study, a sensitive and reliable multi-residue pesticide analysis method for beef was developed with the use of 129 pesticides to demonstrate the full scope of the method. The pesticides were extracted and purified using a modified QuEChERS technique and analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An orthogonal array design was employed for optimisation of the method, significantly scientising and simplifying the process. Method validation revealed satisfactory sensitivity with limits of quantification values ranging from 0.003 to 11.37 µg∙kg-1. Matrix effects ranged from 83.85% to 120.66%. Recovery at three spiking levels (20, 50, and 100 µg∙kg-1) were 70.51-128.12% and the intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 20%, indicating good accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Liangrui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ji X, Yang H, Lyu W, Wang J, Wang X, Wang X, Qian M. Evaluation of cyromazine transferred from feed to chicken products and subsequent assessment of dietary risks to Chinese consumers. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4396-4406. [PMID: 33216375 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, levels of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine in chicken products and its transfer factors (TFs) and dietary risks assessment for Chinese consumers are presented. Cyromazine was added to chicken feed at doses of 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 42 days. Cyromazine residues were found in frequently consumed chicken products (meat, heart, liver, gizzard, and eggs), with liver and eggs displaying the highest concentrations (0.935 and 1.281 mg/kg, respectively). Low levels of melamine residues (<0.029 mg/kg) were detected in chicken products from chickens treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg cyromazine, but not in eggs from chickens treated with 5 mg/kg cyromazine. The TFs for the investigated chicken products varied from 0.0074 to 0.0229 across the dosage levels. The chronic exposure assessment showed that 0.001 to 0.190% of the acceptable daily intake (0.06 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]/day) of cyromazine was consumed through chicken products among the various age and gender groups of Chinese consumers. The acute exposure assessments of different age and gender groups were 0.0004% to 0.178% of the acute reference dose (0.1 mg/kg b.w.). Although the results suggest that the risk associated with cyromazine residues in chicken products was low in China, the possible risk associated with cyromazine residues in chicken products should not be ignored while cyromazine remains a legal feed additive. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present analytical method could be used for cyromazine and melamine detection in different chicken products, and dietary risk assessments of cyromazine provided a support for the work of regulatory bodies to conduct surveillance programs regarding food safety evaluation of cyromazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Pesticide Residues), Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, P. R. China
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Cheng H, Xia S, Zhou Y, Lin B. A High-matched Melamine Sensor Using Core/shell Nano Particles of Fe 3O 4@Polyrutin-COOH and Ionic Liquid as Imprinted Polymeric Monomers. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:745-749. [PMID: 31956157 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a magnetic molecular imprinted polymeric ionic liquid (MMIPIL) film by using a functionalized ionic liquid (3-vinyl-4-amino-5-imidazole carboxamide chloride, IL) and Fe3O4@Polyrutin-COOH as a functional monomer and supporting materials. The change in the direction of the charge density in the structure of MMIPIL polymer resulted in a red shift of about 100 nm for the characteristic group of -C=O. Polyrutin containing an electron-rich benzene ring and multiple hydroxyl groups not only prevented the aggregation of Fe3O4, but also benefitted to immobilize template molecules. More symmetric amino groups in the template molecules generated more hydrogen bonds and other synergistic effects between MEL and the functional monomers, which resulted in a highly-matched and highly stable MMIPIL sensor. The proposed magnetic sensor lowered the matching potential, and enhanced the signal for the detection of melamine (MEL) in milk powder. Under the optimum conditions, the MEL template molecule showed a significant linear relationship between 5.0 × 10-3 and 0.8 μg/L with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.5 × 10-3 μg/L. The MMIPIL sensor showed wonderful selectivity and exhibited facile, fast and efficient results in the monitoring MEL with recoveries of between 96.5 and 108.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cheng
- School of Chemical Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Siyu Xia
- School of Chemical Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- School of Chemical Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Ruichi Zhao, Sun S, Hao W, Guo H, Gao Y, Shi L. A Highly Sensitive Determination for the Melamine in Milk on MIL-101/AuNPs/CTS-PVP-rGO/GCE Electrochemical Sensor. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519070048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Gholami H, Arabi M, Ghaedi M, Ostovan A, Bagheri AR. Column packing elimination in matrix solid phase dispersion by using water compatible magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for recognition of melamine from milk samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Dang X, Gu W, Zheng X, Fei X, Tian F, Xing H, Hu X. A Rapid and Sensitive Aptasensor for Cyromazine Detection in Raw Milk Based on a Nanogold Probe and G-Quadruplex Formation. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a rapid, facile, and colourimetric sensor for the detection of cyromazine in raw milk is reported using an aptamer based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A sequence-specific aptamer for cyromazine called Tcyr1 is designed to absorb on the surface of AuNPs and electrostatically interacts with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), which prevents AuNPs from aggregating. It can also self-assemble to form a G-quadruplex-CYR complex with cyromazine. Because of its specificity and stability, the introduction of cyromazine in raw milk would influence the protection thus the following cationic polymer could aggregate AuNPs and cause a remarkable change in colour. According to this, the presence of cyromazine can be determined by the naked eye and means of absorbance. This sensor is selective for the detection of cyromazine in raw milk and has a limit of detection of 200 ppb by the naked eye and of 5.8 ppb by spectrophotometer, and has a detection range from 0.1 to 1 ppm.
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Yu J, Huang J, Long F, Ma A, Pan J. “Inverse” cloud point extraction coupled with large volume injection ion-pair chromatography: A green route integrating extraction, challenging sample cleanup and on-column concentration into fast simple operation. Talanta 2018; 190:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Xing H, Gu W, Xu D, Tian F, Yao L, Wang Z, Hu X. A simple fluorescent assay for cyromazine detection in raw milk by using CYR-stabilized G-quadruplex formation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2418-2425. [PMID: 35546964 PMCID: PMC9088062 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid biosensor for the detection of cyromazine in milk is reported based on a fluorescence quenching result. When an FAM labelled G-rich ssDNA Tcy2 is treated with cyromazine, it can form a G-quadruplex-CYR complex and cause a change in fluorescence. As a result, the presence of cyromazine can be determined by fluorescence quenching. This sensor is selective for the detection of cyromazine in raw milk and has a limit of detection of 0.68 ppb and a detection range from 0 to 200 ppb. A rapid biosensor for the detection of cyromazine in milk is reported based on a fluorescence quenching result.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xing
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Fuxiang Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Linyun Yao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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Rahman MM, Ahmed J. Cd-doped Sb 2O 4 nanostructures modified glassy carbon electrode for efficient detection of melamine by electrochemical approach. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:631-636. [PMID: 29248717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium doped antimony oxide (Cd-doped Sb2O4) nanostructures (CAO-NSs) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method in alkaline phase at low temperature to detect the melamine from aqueous solution. The calcined CAO-NSs were characterized systematically by FE-SEM, EDS, UV/Vis., FTIR spectroscopy, powder XRD, and XPS techniques. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the CAO-NSs and sensing performance towards the selective melamine was explored by the electrochemical approach in phosphate buffer solution. The melamine undergoes a reduction reaction in the presence of CAO-NSs/GCE in PBS. The CAO-NSs/GCE attained the higher sensitivity (3.153μAμM-1cm-2) for a wide ranges of concentration (LDR: 0.05nM-0.5mM), an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD: 14.0 ± 0.05p.M.; S/N = 3), long-term stability, excellent repeatability, and reproducibility. This method might represent an efficient way of sensitive sensor development for the toxic melamine and their derivatives for the safety of biomedical and health care fields in broad scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jahir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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Trace residue analysis of dicyandiamide, cyromazine, and melamine in animal tissue foods by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:579-585. [PMID: 28911564 PMCID: PMC9336660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective sample preparation procedure using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure, followed by cleaning with melamine molecularly imprinted polymers solid-phase extraction (MISPE) was developed. A novel and highly sensitive ASE–MISPE–ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for effective separation and simultaneous determination of dicyandiamide (DCD), cyromazine (CYR), and melamine (MEL) in complex animal tissue foods. Under optimized conditions, good linearity was achieved with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999 in the range of at least two orders of magnitude. The limit of quantification of the method was 1.7 μg/kg, 5.0 μg/kg, and 3.2 μg/kg for DCD, MEL, and CYR, which was three orders of magnitude smaller than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The intra- and inter-day precisions (in terms of the relative standard deviation, RSD) of the three analytes were in the range of 1.7–3.1% and 3.1–6.3%, respectively. The average recoveries of analytes from blank chicken, beef, mutton, pork, and pig liver samples spiked with the three levels varied from 91.2% to 107% with RSD of 1.7–8.3% for DCD, 89.0–104% with RSD of 2.1–6.1% for CYR, and 94.8–105% with RSD of 1.1–6.6% for MEL. The proposed method has the characteristics of speed, sensitivity, and accuracy, and can be used for the routine determination of DCD, CYR, and MEL at the μg/kg level in complex animal tissue foods.
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12
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Lu Y, Xia Y, Liu G, Pan M, Li M, Lee NA, Wang S. A Review of Methods for Detecting Melamine in Food Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 47:51-66. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1176889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Tsartsali N, Samanidou VF. Sample Preparation of Eggs From Laying Hens Using QuEChERS Dispersive Extraction for the Simultaneous Determination of Melamine and Cyromazine Residues by HPLC-DAD. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2015; 10:53-8. [PMID: 26715832 PMCID: PMC4687980 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) dispersive extraction method is proposed herein for the isolation and cleanup of melamine and cyromazine from chicken egg yolk. Analytes are determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using photodiode array detector after separation on a LiChroCART® (250 × 4 mm)—LiChrospher® RP-8e, 5 μm analytical column using a mobile phase of 0.1% trifluoracetic acid and methanol (80:20 v/v) delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/minute. Extraction of isolated compounds was achieved by methanol and acetonitrile mixture (1:1 v/v). Recovery rates ranged between 74.5% and 115.8%. The method was validated in terms of 657/2002/EC decision. The within-laboratory reproducibility, expressed as a relative standard deviation, was <11%. Decision limits (CCalfa) were 2.56 mg/kg for melamine and 0.22 mg/kg−1 for cyromazine, and the corresponding results for detection capability (CCbeta) were 2.8 mg/kg for melamine and 0.24 mg/kg for cyromazine. Ruggedness was estimated according to the Youden approach studying egg yolk mass, sorbent mass, centrifugation time, organic solvents volume, evaporation temperature, and vortex time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tsartsali
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Meng Z, Shi Z, Liang S, Dong X, Lv Y, Sun H. Rapid screening and quantification of cyromazine, melamine, ammelide, ammeline, cyanuric acid, and dicyandiamide in infant formula by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Ge X, Wu X, Wang J, Liang S, Sun H. Highly sensitive determination of cyromazine, melamine, and their metabolites in milk by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2161-71. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Liu J, Bai W, Zhu C, Yan M, Yang S, Chen A. Sensitive colorimetric detection of cyromazine in cucumber samples by using label-free gold nanoparticles and polythymine. Analyst 2015; 140:3064-9. [PMID: 25741673 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyromazine (CYR) can cause serious damage to the organs of animals or human beings, and it was found to bind to polythymine (polyT10) via multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. Based on this novel finding, a highly sensitive and simple colorimetric method was developed for CYR detection by using label-free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polyT10. Under the optimized conditions, excellent linearity was acquired for CYR within the range of 1-500 ng mL(-1). In addition, the spectra and color changes of the AuNP solution were measured by spectrophotometry and observed by the naked eye, and the results showed that as low as 1 and 5 ng mL(-1) of CYR could be detected, depending upon the measurement methods. Afterwards, cucumber was selected to investigate the sample matrix effect and a sample pretreatment procedure was developed with simple homogenization and filtration. Even after 200 times dilution, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) reached 252 ng g(-1) and 500 ng g(-1), respectively. The LOD and LOQ satisfied the Chinese requirement for the maximum residue limit (MRL), which is 0.5-1 μg g(-1) of CYR in most vegetables. The assay also showed a good average recovery of 83.7-104.8% with the RSD of less than 7% and good selectivity for cyromazine over other pesticides that may exist in vegetable samples. The method proposed in this study was simple, fast, and highly sensitive and accurate, and the test result with this method was visible to the naked eye. Therefore, it could be used for routine determination of CYR residues in cucumber samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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17
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Castillejos E, Bachiller-Baeza B, Asedegbega-Nieto E, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Rodríguez-Ramos I. Selective 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation by gold nanoparticles deposited & precipitated onto nano-carbon materials. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GO and multiwall CNTs were modified by treatment with urea and annealing at different temperatures incorporating N adatoms. AuGO and AuCNT catalysts were prepared and their activity depended on the Au NP size and the characteristics of the support.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Castillejos
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - B. Bachiller-Baeza
- Unidad Asociada UNED-CSIC
- Group of Design and Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts
- Spain
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- CSIC
| | - E. Asedegbega-Nieto
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - A. Guerrero-Ruiz
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
- Unidad Asociada UNED-CSIC
| | - I. Rodríguez-Ramos
- Unidad Asociada UNED-CSIC
- Group of Design and Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts
- Spain
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- CSIC
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18
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Determination of Cyromazine and Melamine Based on Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence at Gold Nanoparticles Modified Electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the detection of cyromazine and melamine using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). The method utilized gold nanoparticles modified electrode as a working electrode because it can improve sensitivity of ECL detection. It has been found that acetonitrile can improve stacking in electrokinetic injection with field amplified sample stacking. The detection limits of 0.5 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL were obtained for cyromazine and melamine, respectively. The established method was successfully applied for milk sample analysis with good reproducibility, precision, accuracy, and high recovery.
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19
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Ruiz-Angel M, García-Alvarez-Coque M, Berthod A, Carda-Broch S. Are analysts doing method validation in liquid chromatography? J Chromatogr A 2014; 1353:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Gong Y, Zhang M, Wang M, Chen Z, Xi X. Development of Immuno-Based Methods for Detection of Melamine. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-014-1116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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22
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Focused-ion-beam-fabricated Au nanorods coupled with Ag nanoparticles used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active substrate for analyzing trace melamine constituents in solution. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Wu X, Ge X, Liang S, Sun H. A Highly Sensitive Method for the Determination of Thiophanate Methyl, Cyromazine, and Their Metabolites in Edible Fungi by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Cleanup with Solid-Phase Extraction. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Ge X, Wu X, Liang S, Sun H. A Sensitive and Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Cyromazine and Melamine in Herbal and Edible Plants Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Cleanup with SPE. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:751-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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A novel colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunoassay for rapid simultaneous detection of cyromazine and melamine in foods of animal origin. Food Chem 2013; 138:1610-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Xie W, Han C, Hou J, Wang F, Qian Y, Xi J. Simultaneous determination of multiveterinary drug residues in pork meat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with solid phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2013; 35:3447-54. [PMID: 23225712 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method developed for simultaneous analysis of 54 veterinary drug residues of six families in pork meat samples, including sulfanilamide, nitroimidazoles, quinolones, macrolide antibiotics, lincosamides, and praziquantel. The pork meat sample was prepared by extraction with ACN, and clean-up on a C(18) SPE cartridge. The sample was separated on a C(8) column and eluted with ACN, methanol, and formic acid. The MS/MS detector is operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode, acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound. The method showed excellent linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.99) and high precision (relative SD, RSD ≤ 19.8%) for all compounds. The method quantification limits of 54 veterinary drug residues were in the range of 0.3-3.0 μg/kg. Recoveries for most analytes based on matrix-matched calibration in matrices were 20.9-121.0%. This method has been successfully applied for analysis of more than 100 pork meat samples from the local market; five of the 54 drugs were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Chu CY, Wang CC. Toxicity of melamine: the public health concern. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:342-386. [PMID: 24171438 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.844758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melamine contamination in food has resulted in sickness and deaths of human infants, pets, and farm animals in the past decade. The majority of the victims suffered from acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Since then, animal studies have revealed the possible target organs of the melamine toxicity and the extent of the adverse effects of the contaminant. State-of-the-art analytical methods have been developed to achieve the "zero tolerance" aim for such economically motivated adulteration. These studies provide in-depth understanding of the melamine toxicity and promising analytical methods, which can help us safeguard our dairy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
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28
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Viñas P, Campillo N, Férez-Melgarejo G, Hernández-Córdoba M. Determination of Melamine and Derivatives in Foods by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Diode Array Detection. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.694941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Mattarozzi M, Milioli M, Cavalieri C, Bianchi F, Careri M. Rapid desorption electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry method for the analysis of melamine migration from melamine tableware. Talanta 2012; 101:453-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Wang PC, Lee RJ, Chen CY, Chou CC, Lee MR. Determination of cyromazine and melamine in chicken eggs using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 752:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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CHEN X, YUAN HP, CAO YH, CHEN QY. On-line Preconcentration and Sensitive Determination of Melamine in Milk Powder and Animal Feeds Samples by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2011.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Mecker LC, Tyner KM, Kauffman JF, Arzhantsev S, Mans DJ, Gryniewicz-Ruzicka CM. Selective melamine detection in multiple sample matrices with a portable Raman instrument using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy-active gold nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 733:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Padilla-Sánchez JA, Michael Thurman E, Plaza-Bolaños P, Ferrer I. Identification of pesticide transformation products in agricultural soils using liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1091-1099. [PMID: 22467459 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A study of pesticide transformation products (TPs) was carried out in soils of agricultural areas working under integrated pest management programs (IPMs). Bupirimate and cyromazine were the pesticides detected in soils after an initial pre-screening. The aim of this work was the identification of relevant TPs of these two pesticides. METHODS Soil samples were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), using a mixture of ethyl acetate/methanol (3:1, v/v), and analyzed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). For confirmation purposes, tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2) ) experiments were carried out using QTOF-MS, obtaining specific fragment structures of the pesticides and their degradates. RESULTS Retention times and exact masses of the protonated molecules were used for the identification of the pesticides bupirimate (m/z 317.1642) and cyromazine (m/z 167.1040) and their respective TPs, namely ethirimol (m/z 210.1601) and melamine (m/z 127.0727). A novel strategy using pseudo-MS(3) experiments was developed to confirm the structure of bupirimate TP (ethirimol). This strategy consists of generating the particular TP in the ion source, via collision-induced fragmentation, and then performing MS/MS to the fragment ion formed in-source. CONCLUSIONS Ethirimol and melamine were identified as degradation products of bupirimate and cyromazine, respectively. The study was applied to the analysis of 15 agricultural soil samples finding bupirimate and ethirimol in seven samples, cyromazine in one sample and melamine in four samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Padilla-Sánchez
- Group Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry (Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, CAESCG; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04071, Almeria, Spain
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34
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Huang HY, Lin CL, Jiang SH, Singco B, Cheng YJ. Capillary electrochromatography–mass spectrometry determination of melamine and related triazine by-products using poly(divinyl benzene-alkene-vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) monolithic stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 719:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Furusawa N. A 100% Water Mobile Phase HPLC-PDA Analysis of Meamine and Related Analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.34040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Tan J, Li R, Jiang ZT. Determination of Melamine in Liquid Milk and Milk Powder by Titania-Based Ligand-Exchange Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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37
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Wang S, Li D, Hua Z, Zhao M. Molecularly imprinted monolith coupled on-line with high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous quantitative determination of cyromazine and melamine. Analyst 2011; 136:3672-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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