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Lin Y, Ma J, Wang Q, Sun DW. Applications of machine learning techniques for enhancing nondestructive food quality and safety detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:1649-1669. [PMID: 36222697 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In considering the need of people all over the world for high-quality food, there has been a recent increase in interest in the role of nondestructive and rapid detection technologies in the food industry. Moreover, the analysis of data acquired by most nondestructive technologies is complex, time-consuming, and requires highly skilled operators. Meanwhile, the general applicability of various chemometric or statistical methods is affected by noise, sample, variability, and data complexity that vary under various testing conditions. Nowadays, machine learning (ML) techniques have a wide range of applications in the food industry, especially in nondestructive technology and equipment intelligence, due to their powerful ability in handling irrelevant information, extracting feature variables, and building calibration models. The review provides an introduction and comparison of machine learning techniques, and summarizes these algorithms as traditional machine learning (TML), and deep learning (DL). Moreover, several novel nondestructive technologies, namely acoustic analysis, machine vision (MV), electronic nose (E-nose), and spectral imaging, combined with different advanced ML techniques and their applications in food quality assessment such as variety identification and classification, safety inspection and processing control, are presented. In addition to this, the existing challenges and prospects are discussed. The result of this review indicates that nondestructive testing technologies combined with state-of-the-art machine learning techniques show great potential for monitoring the quality and safety of food products and different machine learning algorithms have their characteristics and applicability scenarios. Due to the nature of feature learning, DL is one of the most promising and powerful techniques for real-time applications, which needs further research for full and wide applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Wu X, Fauconnier ML, Bi J. Characterization and Discrimination of Apples by Flash GC E-Nose: Geographical Regions and Botanical Origins Studies in China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111631. [PMID: 35681382 PMCID: PMC9180093 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-one apple samples from 7 geographical regions and 3 botanical origins in China were investigated. A total of 29 volatile compounds have been identified by flash GC E-nose. They are 17 esters, 5 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 1 ketone, and 3 others. A principal component analysis was employed to study the relationship between varieties and volatiles. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA), and decision tree (DT) are used to discriminate apples from 4 geographical regions (34 apple samples) and 3 botanical origins (36 apple samples). The most influential markers identified by PLS-DA are 2-hexadecanone, methyl decanoate, tetradecanal, 1,8-cineole, hexyl 2-butenoate, (Z)-2-octenal, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl butyrate, dimethyl trisulfide, methyl formate, ethanol, S(-)2-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, pentyl acetate, butyl butanoate, butyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. From the present work, SLDA reveals the best discrimination results in geographical regions and botanical origins, which are 88.2% and 88.9%, respectively. Although machine learning DT is attempted to classify apple samples, the results are not satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China;
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6281-2584
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Aliyana AK, Naveen Kumar SK, Marimuthu P, Baburaj A, Adetunji M, Frederick T, Sekhar P, Fernandez RE. Machine learning-assisted ammonium detection using zinc oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite based impedance sensors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24321. [PMID: 34934086 PMCID: PMC8692315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a machine learning approach to accurately correlate the impedance variations in zinc oxide/multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite (F-MWCNT/ZnO-NFs) to NH4+ ions concentrations. Impedance response of F-MWCNT/ZnO-NFs nanocomposites with varying ZnO:MWCNT compositions were evaluated for its sensitivity and selectivity to NH4+ ions in the presence of structurally similar analytes. A decision-making model was built, trained and tested using important features of the impedance response of F-MWCNT/ZnO-NF to varying NH4+ concentrations. Different algorithms such as kNN, random forest, neural network, Naïve Bayes and logistic regression are compared and discussed. ML analysis have led to identify the most prominent features of an impedance spectrum that can be used as the ML predictors to estimate the real concentration of NH4+ ion levels. The proposed NH4+ sensor along with the decision-making model can identify and operate at specific operating frequencies to continuously collect the most relevant information from a system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S K Naveen Kumar
- Department of Electronics, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | - Pradeep Marimuthu
- Rajeev Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, India
| | - Aiswarya Baburaj
- Department of Electronics, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | - Michael Adetunji
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, USA
| | | | - Praveen Sekhar
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, USA
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Simonnet-Laprade C, Bayen S, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Data analysis strategies for the characterization of chemical contaminant mixtures. Fish as a case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106610. [PMID: 33965766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals are potentially contaminating the environment and food resources, covering a wide spectrum of molecular structures, physico-chemical properties, sources, environmental behavior and toxic profiles. Beyond the description of the individual chemicals, characterizing contaminant mixtures in related matrices has become a major challenge in ecological and human health risk assessments. Continuous analytical developments, in the fields of targeted (TA) and non-targeted analysis (NTA), have resulted in ever larger sets of data on associated chemical profiles. More than ever, the implementation of advanced data analysis strategies is essential to elucidate profiles and extract new knowledge from these large data sets. Specifically focusing on the data analysis step, this review summarizes the recent progress in integrating data analysis tools into TA and NTA workflows to address the challenging characterization of chemical mixtures in environmental and food matrices. As fish matrices are relevant in both aquatic pollution and consumer exposure perspectives, fish was chosen as the main theme to illustrate this review, although the present document is equally relevant to other food and environmental matrices. The key features of TA and NTA data sets were reviewed to illustrate the challenges associated with their analysis. Advanced filtering strategies to mine NTA data sets are presented, with a particular focus on chemical filters and discriminant analysis. Further, the applications of supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis methods to characterize exposure to chemical mixtures, and their associated challenges, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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5
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A Review on the Application of Chemometrics and Machine Learning Algorithms to Evaluate Beer Authentication. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Determinants of Farmland Abandonment in Selected Metropolitan Areas of Poland: A Spatial Analysis on the Basis of Regression Trees and Interviews with Experts. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic land use changes in metropolitan areas are global phenomena. The influence of urbanisation processes on farmland is twofold: urban encroachments predominantly take place at the expense of farmland, and also result in farmland abandonment processes, especially in Central Eastern and Southern Europe. This paper analyses determinants of farmland abandonment in 280 municipalities situated in six selected Polish metropolitan areas. The analysis, which covers secondary statistical data as well as primary data collected via a survey among experts, applies the regression tree method. Within the six selected metropolitan areas nearly 9% of the farmland is permanently excluded from agricultural production (actual abandonment), plus another 11.5% is currently not being used for production (semi-abandonment). For actual abandonment, physical and economic sizes of farms, part-time farming, and soil quality constitute the most relevant determinants. Socio-economic variables play a more important role in explaining semi-abandonment than actual abandonment. Temporary exclusion of farmland from agricultural production is connected with urbanisation processes. Higher shares of built-up and urbanised areas, higher population densities, and positive migration rates result in higher shares of semi-abandonment. Naturally, areas characterised by agrarian fragmentation, where due to low agricultural incomes farmers more often decided to abandon agricultural production, were, in particular, subject to this process.
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Jiménez-Carvelo AM, González-Casado A, Bagur-González MG, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Alternative data mining/machine learning methods for the analytical evaluation of food quality and authenticity - A review. Food Res Int 2019; 122:25-39. [PMID: 31229078 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the variety and volume of data acquired by modern analytical instruments in order to conduct a better authentication of food has dramatically increased. Several pattern recognition tools have been developed to deal with the large volume and complexity of available trial data. The most widely used methods are principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA), k-nearest neighbours (kNN), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Nevertheless, there are alternative data treatment methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF), that show a great potential and more advantages compared to conventional ones. In this paper, we explain the background of these methods and review and discuss the reported studies in which these three methods have been applied in the area of food quality and authenticity. In addition, we clarify the technical terminology used in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Jiménez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Casado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M Gracia Bagur-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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8
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Agricultural Land vs. Urbanisation in Chosen Polish Metropolitan Areas: A Spatial Analysis Based on Regression Trees. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Zeng HL, Du H, Liu Z, Cheng J, Liu T, Hu T, Kamal GM, Li X, Liu H, Xu F. Evaluation of metabolites extraction strategies for identifying different brain regions and their relationship with alcohol preference and gender difference using NMR metabolomics. Talanta 2018; 179:369-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Adutwum LA, de la Mata AP, Bean HD, Hill JE, Harynuk JJ. Estimation of start and stop numbers for cluster resolution feature selection algorithm: an empirical approach using null distribution analysis of Fisher ratios. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6699-6708. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Antanasijević J, Antanasijević D, Pocajt V, Trišović N, Fodor-Csorba K. A QSPR study on the liquid crystallinity of five-ring bent-core molecules using decision trees, MARS and artificial neural networks. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20775d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an approach for the prediction of liquid crystallinity of five-ring bent-core molecules. Reported classifiers can be also used for the estimation of influence of structural modifications on LC phase formation and its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davor Antanasijević
- University of Belgrade
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- 11120 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Viktor Pocajt
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- 11120 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Nemanja Trišović
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- 11120 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Katalin Fodor-Csorba
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1525 Budapest
- Hungary
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12
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Zanardi E, Caligiani A, Palla L, Mariani M, Ghidini S, Di Ciccio PA, Palla G, Ianieri A. Metabolic profiling by (1)H NMR of ground beef irradiated at different irradiation doses. Meat Sci 2015; 103:83-9. [PMID: 25637742 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a metabolic profiling study of non-irradiated and irradiated beef (at 2.5, 4.5 and 8 kGy) using (1)H NMR and chemometrics. The assignment of all major NMR signals of the aqueous/methanolic extracts was performed. A comprehensive multivariate data analysis proved the ability to distinguish between the irradiated and non-irradiated beef. Classification trees revealed that three metabolites (glycerol, lactic acid esters and tyramine or a p-substituted phenolic compound) are important biomarkers for classification of the irradiated and non-irradiated beef samples. Overall, the achieved metabolomic results show that the changes in the metabolic profile of meat provide a valuable insight to be used in detecting irradiated beef. The use of the NMR-based approach simplifies sample preparation and decrease the time required for analysis, compared to available official analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Luigi Palla
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Mariani
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gerardo Palla
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Application of 1H NMR for the characterisation and authentication of ‘‘Tonda Gentile Trilobata” hazelnuts from Piedmont (Italy). Food Chem 2014; 148:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Ruiz-Samblás C, Cadenas JM, Pelta DA, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Application of data mining methods for classification and prediction of olive oil blends with other vegetable oils. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2591-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Cao DS, Huang JH, Liang YZ, Xu QS, Zhang LX. Tree-based ensemble methods and their applications in analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Application of artificial neural network in food classification. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 705:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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