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Tsujiguchi M, Kii Y, Aitoku T, Iwao M, Maruo YY. Nonanal Gas Sensors Using Porous Glass as a Reaction Field for Ammonia-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7874-7882. [PMID: 36872999 PMCID: PMC9979322 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transmittance in porous-glass gas sensors, which use aldol condensation of vanillin and nonanal as the detection mechanism for nonanal, decreases because of the production of carbonates by the sodium hydroxide catalyst. In this study, the reasons for the decrease in transmittance and the measures to overcome this issue were investigated. Alkali-resistant porous glass with nanoscale porosity and light transparency was employed as a reaction field in a nonanal gas sensor using ammonia-catalyzed aldol condensation. In this sensor, the gas detection mechanism involves measuring the changes in light absorption of vanillin arising from aldol condensation with nonanal. Furthermore, the problem of carbonate precipitation was solved with the use of ammonia as the catalyst, which effectively resolves the issue of reduced transmittance that occurs when a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, is used as a catalyst. Additionally, the alkali-resistant glass exhibited solid acidity because of the incorporated SiO2 and ZrO2 additives, which supported approximately 50 times more ammonia on the glass surface for a longer duration than a conventional sensor. Moreover, the detection limit obtained from multiple measurements was approximately 0.66 ppm. In summary, the developed sensor exhibits a high sensitivity to minute changes in the absorbance spectrum because of the reduction in the baseline noise of the matrix transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsujiguchi
- Development
Division, Research and Development Group, Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, Shiga 520-8639, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kii
- Evaluation
Division, Research and Development Group, Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, Shiga 520-8639, Japan
| | - Takashi Aitoku
- Development
Division, Research and Development Group, Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, Shiga 520-8639, Japan
| | - Masaru Iwao
- Development
Division, Research and Development Group, Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., 7-1, Seiran 2-chome, Otsu, Shiga 520-8639, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamada Maruo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1, Yagiyama, Kasumicho, Taihakuku, Sendai 982-8577, Japan
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Lijing Z, Zakoldaev RA, Sergeev MM, Petrov AB, Veiko VP, Alodjants AP. Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010123. [PMID: 33430472 PMCID: PMC7826769 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser direct writing technique in glass is a powerful tool for various waveguides' fabrication that highly develop the element base for designing photonic devices. We apply this technique to fabricate waveguides in porous glass (PG). Nanoporous optical materials for the inscription can elevate the sensing ability of such waveguides to higher standards. The waveguides were fabricated by a single-scan approach with femtosecond laser pulses in the densification mode, which resulted in the formation of a core and cladding. Experimental studies revealed three types of waveguides and quantified the refractive index contrast (up to Δn = 1.2·10-2) accompanied with ~1.2 dB/cm insertion losses. The waveguides demonstrated the sensitivity to small objects captured by the nanoporous framework. We noticed that the deposited ethanol molecules (3 µL) on the PG surface influence the waveguide optical properties indicating the penetration of the molecule to its cladding. Continuous monitoring of the output near field intensity distribution allowed us to determine the response time (6 s) of the waveguide buried at 400 µm below the glass surface. We found that the minimum distinguishable change of the refractive index contrast is 2 × 10-4. The results obtained pave the way to consider the waveguides inscribed into PG as primary transducers for sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lijing
- Faculty of Laser Photonics and Optoelectronics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.L.); (M.M.S.); (A.B.P.); (V.P.V.); (A.P.A.)
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Roman A. Zakoldaev
- Faculty of Laser Photonics and Optoelectronics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.L.); (M.M.S.); (A.B.P.); (V.P.V.); (A.P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-911-144-52-56
| | - Maksim M. Sergeev
- Faculty of Laser Photonics and Optoelectronics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.L.); (M.M.S.); (A.B.P.); (V.P.V.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Andrey B. Petrov
- Faculty of Laser Photonics and Optoelectronics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.L.); (M.M.S.); (A.B.P.); (V.P.V.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Vadim P. Veiko
- Faculty of Laser Photonics and Optoelectronics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.L.); (M.M.S.); (A.B.P.); (V.P.V.); (A.P.A.)
| | - Alexander P. Alodjants
- Faculty of Laser Photonics and Optoelectronics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Z.L.); (M.M.S.); (A.B.P.); (V.P.V.); (A.P.A.)
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Fluorescent Bulk Waveguide Sensor in Porous Glass: Concept, Fabrication, and Testing. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112169. [PMID: 33143236 PMCID: PMC7692051 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we suggest the new concept of sensing elements—bulk waveguides (BWGs) fabricated by the laser direct writing technique inside porous glass (PG). BWGs in nanoporous materials are promising to be applied in the photonics and sensors industries. Such light-guiding components interrogate the internal conditions of nanoporous materials and are able to detect chemical or physical reactions occurring inside nanopores especially with small molecules, which represent a separate class for sensing technologies. After the writing step, PG plates are impregnated with the indicator—rhodamine 6G—which penetrates through the nanoporous framework to the BWG cladding. The experimental investigation proved the concept by measuring the spectral characteristics of an output signal. We have demonstrated that the BWG is sensitive to ethanol molecules captured by the nanoporous framework. The sensitivity of the peak shift in the fluorescence spectrum to the refractive index of the solution is quantified as 6250 ± 150 nm/RIU.
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Veiko VP, Zakoldaev RA, Sergeev MM, Danilov PA, Kudryashov SI, Kostiuk GK, Sivers AN, Ionin AA, Antropova TV, Medvedev OS. Direct laser writing of barriers with controllable permeability in porous glass. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28150-28160. [PMID: 30469870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Barriers were produced in porous glass through its local bulk density modification by direct femtosecond writing accompanied by СО2-laser surface thermal densification, to make functional microfluidic elements separated by such physical barriers with different controlled permeability. The separation of multi-component solutions into individual components with different molecule sizes (molecular separation) was performed in this first integrated microfluidic device fabricated in porous glass. Its application in the environmental gas-phase analysis was demonstrated.
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Smartphone-Based Microfluidic Colorimetric Sensor for Gaseous Formaldehyde Determination with High Sensitivity and Selectivity. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093141. [PMID: 30231467 PMCID: PMC6165092 DOI: 10.3390/s18093141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is one of the most dangerous air pollutants, which can cause sick building syndrome. Thus, it is very crucial to precisely determine formaldehyde with a low cost and simple operation. In this paper, a smartphone-based microfluidic colorimetric sensor is devised for gaseous formaldehyde determination with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, a novel microfluidic chip is proposed based on the 4-aminohydrazine-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AHMT) method to determine formaldehyde; the chip consists of two reagent reservoirs, one reaction reservoir and a mixing column. In this design to prevent the fluid from flowing out while letting the gas molecule in, a hydrophobic porous poly tetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is put on the top of the reaction reservoir. Using the microfluidic chip sensor, a smartphone-based formaldehyde determination system is developed, which makes the measuring process automated and simple. As per the experiment results, the limit-of-detection (LOD) of the system is as low as 0.01 ppm, which is much lower than the maximum exposure concentration (0.08 ppm) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, the sensor is hardly affected by acetaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or acidic-alkaline, which shows great selectivity. Finally, the performance of the proposed sensor is verified by using it for the determination of formaldehyde in a newly decorated house.
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Development of an analytical chip for detecting acetone using a reaction between acetone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhidrazine in a porous glass. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Spinelle L, Gerboles M, Kok G, Persijn S, Sauerwald T. Review of Portable and Low-Cost Sensors for the Ambient Air Monitoring of Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1520. [PMID: 28657595 PMCID: PMC5539520 DOI: 10.3390/s17071520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a literature review of sensors for the monitoring of benzene in ambient air and other volatile organic compounds. Combined with information provided by stakeholders, manufacturers and literature, the review considers commercially available sensors, including PID-based sensors, semiconductor (resistive gas sensors) and portable on-line measuring devices as for example sensor arrays. The bibliographic collection includes the following topics: sensor description, field of application at fixed sites, indoor and ambient air monitoring, range of concentration levels and limit of detection in air, model descriptions of the phenomena involved in the sensor detection process, gaseous interference selectivity of sensors in complex VOC matrix, validation data in lab experiments and under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Gerboles
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Gertjan Kok
- VSL Dutch Metrology Institute, 2629 JA Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Persijn
- VSL Dutch Metrology Institute, 2629 JA Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Tilman Sauerwald
- Laboratory for Measurement Technology, Universitaet des Saarlandes, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Marć M, Tobiszewski M, Zabiegała B, Guardia MDL, Namieśnik J. Current air quality analytics and monitoring: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:116-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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