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Zhou Z, Ren H, Zhou L, Wang P, Lou X, Zou H, Cao Y. Recent Development on Determination of Low-Level 90Sr in Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010090. [PMID: 36615288 PMCID: PMC9821828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the rapid development of the world's nuclear power industry, it is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods to support sound environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs and a cost-effective waste management strategy. As one of the most import fission products generated during human nuclear activities, 90Sr has been widely determined based on different analytical techniques for routine radioactivity monitoring, emergency preparedness and radioactive waste management. Herein, we summarize and critically review analytical methods developed over the last few decades for the determination of 90Sr in environmental and biological samples. Approaches applied in different steps of the analysis including sample preparation, chemical separation and detection are systematically discussed. The recent development of modern materials for 90Sr concentration and advanced instruments for rapid 90Sr measurement are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiyao Cao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0571)-87115089
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Firouzabadi M, Jahromi HJ, Ardakani HA. Determination of 90Sr in sea shell: environmental monitoring. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Kaminski M, Sandi G, Dietz M, Park A. Optimization of a tandem ion exchange—extraction chromatographic scheme for the recovery of strontium from raw urine. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1559858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaminski
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Giselle Sandi
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Dietz
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anthony Park
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
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Aspects of quality assurance and performance of strontium-selective resins under non-routine conditions: old resins, delayed elution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Comparison and validation of methods for the determination of 90Sr by Cerenkov counting in biological and sediment samples, including green chemistry metrics. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pittet PA, Bochud F, Froidevaux P. Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr in fresh cow milk and raw urine using crystalline synthetic tunnel manganese oxides and layered metal sulfides. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1047:267-274. [PMID: 30567659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
89Sr and 90Sr are both fission products of high radiotoxicity, which can be released in significant amounts in the event of a nuclear accident. Radiostrontium isotopes will follow calcium all along the food chain and, after ingestion, accumulate in the bones. Therefore, it is imperative to be able to determine 89Sr and 90Sr in raw milk samples in case of an accidental situation to evaluate the dose given by both radionuclides to the population. Several methods exist for conducting 89Sr and 90Sr determination. However, most of them use at least one chromatographic step to purify strontium. This, unfortunately, increases the analytical time before the results can be released to the authorities. In addition, they often use liquid scintillation counting to determine the 89Sr and 90Sr activities, a method which can handle only one sample at a time. Here we propose using synthetic tunnel manganese oxides such as cryptomelane and todorokite and layered metal sulfides to selectively extract strontium from fresh milk and raw urine in a batch sorption method. We found that the method is very quick and yields very pure sources of (radio)-strontium, which can be counted in a proportional counter. Data (counts per minute) from the counter were fitted to a mathematical expression enabling the simultaneous determination of 89Sr and 90Sr. Because a proportional counter often has several drawers, it is typically possible to measure up to 16 samples at a time. Since cryptomelane is a binding phase easily synthesized in a large quantity, we anticipate that this technique could be an interesting alternative to conventional solid phase extraction chromatography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Pittet
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Bochud
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Shao Y, Yang G, Tazoe H, Ma L, Yamada M, Xu D. A review of measurement methodologies and their applications to environmental 90Sr. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:321-333. [PMID: 30029206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high fission yield product 90Sr has been released into the environment in large amounts due to nuclear weapon tests, nuclear power plant accidents, and nuclear fuel reprocessing industries. It is a long half-life radionuclide (28.9 y), with serious consequences to human health; hence, it is desirable to perform routine monitoring of 90Sr in environmental samples. Many 90Sr radiometric methods have been developed in the past decades, which generally require complicated separation and purification steps with a relatively long analytical time. Moreover, some nominally rapid methods usually have high method detection limits, making them unsuitable for the environmental samples with ultra-low 90Sr levels. In this review, some rapid and practical methods for 90Sr routine monitoring are summarized. Different sample pretreatments and major purification procedures for 90Sr developed in recent years, such as variable digestion methods and extraction chromatography using Sr resin or DGA resin, are especially described. Additionally, four conventional and widely used β spectrometric and mass spectrometric methods are demonstrated. Finally, 90Sr evaluations focusing on contaminated soil and seawater samples collected after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, and 90Sr application as tracers for environmental behavior are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Lingling Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Diandou Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Feasibility study of an analytical method for detecting 90Sr in soil using DGA resin and Sr resin. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Liu YQ, Yu H. Ion chromatography with the indirect ultraviolet detection of alkali metal ions and ammonium using imidazolium ionic liquid as ultraviolet absorption reagent and eluent. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3156-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-qiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Normal University; Harbin China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Normal University; Harbin China
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