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Gritti F, Wyndham K. Retention mechanism in combined hydrodynamic and slalom chromatography for analyzing large nucleic acid biopolymers relevant to cell and gene therapies. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465075. [PMID: 38909519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Slalom chromatography (SC) was discovered in 1988 for analyzing double-stranded (ds) DNA. However, its progress was impeded by practical issues such as low-purity particles, sample loss, and lack of a clear retention mechanism. With the rise of cell and gene therapies and the availability today of bio-inert ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) columns and systems, SC has regained interest. In SC, the elution order is opposite to that observed in hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC): larger DNA molecules are more retained than small ones. Yet, the underlying SC retention mechanism remains elusive. We provide the physicochemical background necessary to explain, at a microscopic scale, the full transition from a HDC to a SC retention mechanism. This includes the persistence length of the DNA macromolecule (representing DNA stiffness), their relaxation time (τR) from the non-equilibrium contour length to the equilibrium entropic configuration, and the relationship between the mobile phase shear rate (〈γ̇〉) in packed columns and the DNA extended length. We propose a relevant retention model to account for the simultaneous impact of hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) and SC on the retention factors of a series of large and linear dsDNAs (ranging from 2 to 48 kbp). SC data were acquired using bio-inert MaxPeakTM Columns packed with 1.7μm BEHTM 45 Å, 1.8μm BEH 125 Å, 2.4μm BEH 125 Å, 5.3μm BEH 125 Å, and 11.3μm BEH 125 Å Particles, an ACQUITYTM UPLCTM I-class PLUS System, and either 1 × PBS (pH 7.4) or 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8) as the mobile phase. SC is a non-equilibrium retention mode that is dominant when the Weissenberg number (Wi=〈γ̇〉τR) is much larger than 10 and the average extended length of DNA exceeds the particle diameter. HDC, on the other hand, is an equilibrium retention mode that dominates when Wi<1 (DNA chains remaining in their non-extended configuration). Maximum dsDNA resolution is observed in a mixed HDC-SC retention mode when the extended length of the DNA is approximately half the particle diameter. This work facilitates the development of methods for characterizing various plasmid DNA mixtures, containing linear, supercoiled, and relaxed circular dsDNAs which all have different degree of molecular stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA, 01757, USA.
| | - Kevin Wyndham
- Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA, 01757, USA
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2
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Fang S, Sinanan DJ, Perez MH, Cruz-Quintero RG, Jadhav SR. Development of a high-throughput scale-down model in Ambr® 250 HT for plasmid DNA fermentation processes. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3458. [PMID: 38494959 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines and gene therapy vectors have increased the need for rapid plasmid DNA (pDNA) screening and production within the biopharmaceutical industry. High-throughput (HT) fermentor systems, such as the Ambr® 250 HT, can significantly accelerate process development timelines of pDNA upstream processes compared to traditional bench-scale glass fermentors or small-scale steam-in-place (SIP) fermentors. However, such scale-down models must be qualified to ensure that they are representative of the larger scale process similar to traditional small-scale models. In the current study, we developed a representative scale-down model of a Biostat® D-DCU 30 L pDNA fermentation process in Ambr® 250 HT fermentors using three cell lines producing three different constructs. The Ambr scale-down model provided comparable process performance and pDNA quality as the 30 L SIP fermentation process. In addition, we demonstrated the predictive value of the Ambr model by two-way qualification, first by accurately reproducing the prior trends observed in a 30 L process, followed by predicting new process trends that were then successfully reproduced in the 30 L process. The representative and predictive scale-down Ambr model developed in this study would enable a faster and more efficient approach to strain/clone/host-cell screening, pDNA process development and characterization studies, process scale-up studies, and manufacturing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fang
- BioProcess Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Dillon J Sinanan
- BioProcess Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Marc H Perez
- BioProcess Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Sachin R Jadhav
- BioProcess Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
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Ribeiro J, Luís MÂ, Rodrigues B, Santos FM, Mesquita J, Boto R, Tomaz CT. Cryogels and Monoliths: Promising Tools for Chromatographic Purification of Nucleic Acids. Gels 2024; 10:198. [PMID: 38534616 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for highly pure biopharmaceuticals has put significant pressure on the biotechnological industry to innovate in production and purification processes. Nucleic acid purification, crucial for gene therapy and vaccine production, presents challenges due to the unique physical and chemical properties of these molecules. Meeting regulatory standards necessitates large quantities of biotherapeutic agents of high purity. While conventional chromatography offers versatility and efficiency, it suffers from drawbacks like low flow rates and binding capacity, as well as high mass transfer resistance. Recent advancements in continuous beds, including monoliths and cryogel-based systems, have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. This review explores and evaluates the latest progress in chromatography utilizing monolithic and cryogenic supports for nucleic acid purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribeiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco  Luís
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Renato Boto
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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He Y, Orlet J, Cunio O, Thompson L, Jones MT. Sensitive and rapid analysis of plasmid DNA topology isoforms by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence in uncoated capillary. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38415778 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The work describes the use of SYBR Gold to improve the detection sensitivity of plasmid DNA topoisomers by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence in an uncoated capillary. The impact of different dyes, including ethidium bromide, SYBR Green and SYBR Gold, was compared based on detection and separation of DNA plasmid topoisomers. Use of SYBR Gold enabled improvement of detection sensitivity by 15-fold while maintaining good separation resolution of the different topoisomers. The baseline dropped with the use SYBR Gold but was overcome by the employment of a capillary with longer ineffective length (40 vs. 20 cm). Separation resolution and reproducibility were impacted by the concentration of SYBR Gold and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. With the use of a short capillary (10 cm effective length and 50 cm total length), fast separations of supercoiled, linear, open circular, and other isoforms were accomplished within 8 min. Appropriate capillary cleaning with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide/0.1 M hydrochloric acid and capillary storage with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid ensured good separation reproducibility of 217 runs during an extended period of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - John Orlet
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia Cunio
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Lawrence Thompson
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael T Jones
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
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Zhang H, Ren J, Li J, Zhai C, Mao F, Yang S, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Fu X. Comparison of heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies with DNA and recombinant vaccinia virus co-expressing GP3 and GP5 of European type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106328. [PMID: 37661073 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is principally used to control and treat porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. This study investigated immunogenicity and protective efficacy of heterologous prime-boost regimens in pigs, including recombinant DNA and vaccinia virus vectors coexpressing PRRSV European genotype (EU) isolate GP3 and GP5: group A, pVAX1-EU-GP3-GP5 prime and rddVTT-EU-GP3-GP5 boost; group B, rddVTT-EU-GP3-GP5 prime and pVAX1-EU-GP3-GP5 boost; group C, empty vector pVAX1; group D, E3L gene-deleted vaccinia virus E3L- VTT. Vaccine efficacy was tested in an EU-type PRRSV (Lelystad virus strain) challenge pig model based on evaluating PRRSV-specific antibody responses, neutralizing antibodies, cytokines, T lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, clinical symptoms, viremia and tissue virus loads. Plasmid DNA was delivered as chitosan-DNA nanoparticles, and Quil A (Quillaja) was used to increase vaccine efficiency. All piglets were boosted 21 days post the initial inoculation (dpi) and then challenged 14 days later. At 14, 21, 28 and 35 dpi, groups A and B developed significantly higher PRRSV-specific antibody responses compared with control groups C and D. Two weeks after the boost, significant differences in neutralizing antibody and IFN-γ levels were observed between groups A, C, D and B. At 49 dpi, groups A and B had markedly increased peripheral blood CD3+CD4+ T cell levels. Following virus challenge, group A showed viremia, but organ virus loads were lower than those in other groups. Thus, a heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimen (rddVTT-EU-GP3-GP5 prime, pVAX1-EU-GP3-GP5 boost) can improve humoral- and cell-mediated immune responses to provide resistance to EU-type PRRSV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Zhang
- The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, 471031, China; College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jingqiang Ren
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China; Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
| | - Jiachen Li
- College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Chongkai Zhai
- College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Fuchao Mao
- College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Shaozhe Yang
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, 471031, China; College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Xiuhong Fu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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Kieu Doan TN, Croyle MA. Physical characteristics and stability profile of recombinant plasmid DNA within a film matrix. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:270-283. [PMID: 37567395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmids are essential source material for production of biological drugs, vaccines and vectors for gene therapy. They are commonly formulated as frozen solutions. Considering the cost associated with maintenance of cold chain conditions during storage and transport, there is a significant need for alternative methods for stabilization of plasmids at ambient temperature. The objective of these studies was to identify a film-based formulation that preserved transfection efficiency of plasmids at 25 °C. A model plasmid, pAAVlacZ, was used for these studies. Transfection efficiency and agarose gel electrophoresis were utilized to assess bioactivity and changes in physical conformation of plasmid during storage. An amino acid, capable of sustaining a positive charge while supporting an alkaline environment within the film matrix, preserved transfection efficiency for 9 months at 25 °C. Addition of sugar and a plasticizer to the formulation preserved the plasmid in an amorphous state and improved handling properties of the film. The manner in which excipients were incorporated into bulk formulations and environmental humidity in which films were stored significantly impacted transfection efficiency of plasmid in the rehydrated solution. Taken together, these results suggest that plasmids can be stored for extended periods of time without refrigeration within a film matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen Kieu Doan
- The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Maria A Croyle
- The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, United States; John R. LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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7
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Zhuang L, Ye Z, Li L, Yang L, Gong W. Next-Generation TB Vaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1304. [PMID: 37631874 PMCID: PMC10457792 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a prevalent global infectious disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Currently, the only available vaccine for TB prevention is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, BCG demonstrates limited efficacy, particularly in adults. Efforts to develop effective TB vaccines have been ongoing for nearly a century. In this review, we have examined the current obstacles in TB vaccine research and emphasized the significance of understanding the interaction mechanism between MTB and hosts in order to provide new avenues for research and establish a solid foundation for the development of novel vaccines. We have also assessed various TB vaccine candidates, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, and the emerging mRNA vaccines as well as virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines, which are currently in preclinical stages or clinical trials. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges and opportunities associated with developing different types of TB vaccines and outlined future directions for TB vaccine research, aiming to expedite the development of effective vaccines. This comprehensive review offers a summary of the progress made in the field of novel TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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Beck J, Biechele M, Repik C, Gruber P, Furtmüller PG, Hahn R. Desorption of plasmid DNA from anion exchangers: Salt concentration at elution is independent of plasmid size and load. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200943. [PMID: 36807776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies on the sorption behavior of plasmids on anion exchangers are rare compared to proteins. In this study, we systematically compare the elution behavior of plasmid DNA on three common anion exchange resins using linear gradient and isocratic elution experiments. Two plasmids of different lengths, 8 and 20 kbp, were studied and their elution characteristics were compared to a green fluorescent protein. Using established methods for determining retention characteristics of biomolecules in ion exchange chromatography lead to remarkable results. In contrast to the green fluorescent protein, plasmid DNA consistently elutes at one characteristic salt concentration in linear gradient elution. This salt concentration was the same independent of plasmid size but differed slightly for different resins. The behavior is consistent also at preparative loadings of plasmid DNA. Thus, only a single linear gradient elution experiment is sufficient to design elution in a process scale capture step. At isocratic elution conditions, plasmid DNA elutes only above this characteristic concentration. Even at slightly lower concentrations most plasmids remain tightly bound. We hypothesize, that the desorption is accompanied by a conformational change leading to a reduced number of available negative charges for binding. This explanation is supported by structural analysis before and after elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Beck
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Biechele
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Repik
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Part of Takeda Companies, Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Petra Gruber
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Part of Takeda Companies, Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Katagiri N, Shimokawa D, Suzuki T, Kousai M, Iritani E. Separation Properties of Plasmid DNA Using a Two-Stage Particle Adsorption-Microfiltration Process. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:168. [PMID: 36837671 PMCID: PMC9960540 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA is used as a vector for gene therapy and DNA vaccination; therefore, the establishment of a mass production method is required. Membrane filtration is widely employed as a separation method suitable for the mass production of plasmid DNA. Furthermore, the separation of plasmid DNA using microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes is being investigated. Because plasmid DNA has a circular structure, it undergoes significant deformation during filtration and easily permeates the membrane, hindering the selection of separation membranes based on molecular weight. In this study, we applied affinity microfiltration to plasmid DNA purification. α-Fe2O3 with an isoelectric point of approximately 8 and a particle size of 0.5 μm was selected as the ligand for two-stage affinity microfiltration of plasmid DNA. In the first stage of microfiltration, the experiment was conducted at a pH of 5, and a cake of α-Fe2O3 with bound plasmid DNA was obtained. Next, liquid permeation (pH 9 and 10) through the cake was performed to elute the bound plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA was eluted during the early phase of liquid permeation at pH 10. Furthermore, agarose gel analysis confirmed the usefulness of the two-stage affinity microfiltration method with adsorption and desorption for plasmid DNA purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Katagiri
- Department of Environmental Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimokawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masahito Kousai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Iritani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Wang M, Liu J, Gao T, Xu L, Zhang X, Nie J, Li Y, Chen H. A platform method for plasmid isoforms analysis by capillary gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1174-1182. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐transmitted Virus Vaccines Institute for Biological Product Control National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Kai Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐transmitted Virus Vaccines Institute for Biological Product Control National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Jian‐Hui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex‐transmitted Virus Vaccines Institute for Biological Product Control National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products SiChuan Institute for Drug Control Sichuan P. R. China
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Hossain MK, Hassanzadeganroudsari M, Feehan J, Apostolopoulos V. The race for a COVID-19 vaccine: where are we up to? Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:355-376. [PMID: 34937492 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2021074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has triggered a global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late 2019. In January 2020, the WHO declared this pandemic a public health emergency. This pandemic has already caused over 5.3 million deaths from more than 272 million infections. The development of a successful vaccine is an urgent global priority to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent further fatalities. Researchers are fast-tracking this process, and there have already been significant developments in preclinical and clinical phases in a relatively short period of time. Some vaccines have been approved either for emergency use or mass application in recent months. AREAS COVERED Herein, we provide a general understanding of the fast-tracked clinical trial procedures and highlight recent successes in preclinical and clinical trials to generate a clearer picture of the progress of COVID-19 vaccine development. EXPERT OPINION A good number of vaccines have been rolled out within a short period a feat unprecedented in medical history. However, the emergence of new variants over time has appeared as a new threat, and the number of infections and casualties is still on the rise and this is going to be an ongoing battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Ouranidis A, Vavilis T, Mandala E, Davidopoulou C, Stamoula E, Markopoulou CK, Karagianni A, Kachrimanis K. mRNA Therapeutic Modalities Design, Formulation and Manufacturing under Pharma 4.0 Principles. Biomedicines 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 35052730 PMCID: PMC8773365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for a formidable weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA therapeutics have stolen the spotlight. mRNA vaccines are a prime example of the benefits of mRNA approaches towards a broad array of clinical entities and druggable targets. Amongst these benefits is the rapid cycle "from design to production" of an mRNA product compared to their peptide counterparts, the mutability of the production line should another target be chosen, the side-stepping of safety issues posed by DNA therapeutics being permanently integrated into the transfected cell's genome and the controlled precision over the translated peptides. Furthermore, mRNA applications are versatile: apart from vaccines it can be used as a replacement therapy, even to create chimeric antigen receptor T-cells or reprogram somatic cells. Still, the sudden global demand for mRNA has highlighted the shortcomings in its industrial production as well as its formulation, efficacy and applicability. Continuous, smart mRNA manufacturing 4.0 technologies have been recently proposed to address such challenges. In this work, we examine the lab and upscaled production of mRNA therapeutics, the mRNA modifications proposed that increase its efficacy and lower its immunogenicity, the vectors available for delivery and the stability considerations concerning long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vavilis
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdokia Mandala
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Davidopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Catherine K Markopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Zalai D, Kopp J, Kozma B, Küchler M, Herwig C, Kager J. Microbial technologies for biotherapeutics production: Key tools for advanced biopharmaceutical process development and control. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:9-24. [PMID: 34895644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in the biopharmaceutical market such as the diversification of therapies as well as the increasing time-to-market pressure will trigger the rethinking of bioprocess development and production approaches. Thereby, the importance of development time and manufacturing costs will increase, especially for microbial production. In the present review, we investigate three technological approaches which, to our opinion, will play a key role in the future of biopharmaceutical production. The first cornerstone of process development is the generation and effective utilization of platform knowledge. Building processes on well understood microbial and technological platforms allows to accelerate early-stage bioprocess development and to better condense this knowledge into multi-purpose technologies and applicable mathematical models. Second, the application of verified scale down systems and in silico models for process design and characterization will reduce the required number of large scale batches before dossier submission. Third, the broader availability of mathematical process models and the improvement of process analytical technologies will increase the applicability and acceptance of advanced control and process automation in the manufacturing scale. This will reduce process failure rates and subsequently cost of goods. Along these three aspects we give an overview of recently developed key tools and their potential integration into bioprocess development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes Zalai
- Richter-Helm BioLogics GmbH & Co. KG, Suhrenkamp 59, 22335 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Kopp
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bence Kozma
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Küchler
- Richter-Helm BioLogics GmbH & Co. KG, Suhrenkamp 59, 22335 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Julian Kager
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Initial Screening of Poly(ethylene glycol) Amino Ligands for Affinity Purification of Plasmid DNA in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111138. [PMID: 34833014 PMCID: PMC8619368 DOI: 10.3390/life11111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and DNA vaccination are among the most expected biotechnological and medical advances for the coming years. However, the lack of cost-effective large-scale production and purification of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA (pDNA) still hampers their wide application. Downstream processing, which is mainly chromatography-based, of pDNA remains the key manufacturing step. Despite its high resolution, the scaling-up of chromatography is usually difficult and presents low capacity, resulting in low yields. Alternative methods that are based on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been studied. Although higher yields may be obtained, its selectivity is often low. In this work, modified polymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatisation with amino groups (PEG–amine) or conjugation with positively charged amino acids (PEG–lysine, PEG–arginine, and PEG–histidine) were studied to increase the selectivity of PEG–dextran systems towards the partition of a model plasmid. A two-step strategy was employed to obtain suitable pure formulations of pDNA. In the first step, a PEG–dextran system with the addition of the affinity ligand was used with the recovery of the pDNA in the PEG-rich phase. Then, the pDNA was re-extracted to an ammonium-sulphate-rich phase in the second step. After removing the salt, this method yielded a purified preparation of pDNA without RNA and protein contamination.
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15
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Holland LA, He Y, Guerrette JR, Crihfield CL, Bwanali L. Simple, rapid, and reproducible capillary gel electrophoresis separation and laser-induced fluorescence detection of DNA topoisomers with unmodified fused silica separation capillaries. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:713-720. [PMID: 34693472 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The topology of DNA is a critical quality attribute for plasmid-based pharmaceuticals, making quantification of trace levels of plasmid topoisomers an important analytical priority. An automated and cost-effective method based on capillary gel electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence detection is described. The method outlined in this report is significant because it is easily implemented by any laboratory for which routine analyses of plasmid topology are critical for the development of new plasmid-based therapies as well as for quality control of gene therapies utilizing supercoiled DNA. Detection of topoisomers was achieved by incorporating ethidium bromide in the separation medium. The detector response was improved by 3 orders of magnitude by utilizing a 605-nm optical filter with a 15-nm bandwidth. Separations of linear, open circle, supercoiled, and multimer DNA plasmids ranging from 4.2 to 10.5 kbp were accomplished in under 6 min using an unmodified fused silica capillary (50-μm internal diameter). The background electrolyte was comprised of 0.5% gel, which was hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 50 mM N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (pH of 6.25). The separations, which balanced the bulk electroosmotic flow, the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA, and gel sieving were dependent upon the pH of the electrolyte and the gel concentration. Reproducibility was dependent upon the procedure used to prepare the gel as well as other factors including the ethidium bromide concentration and capillary conditioning. A single unmodified capillary operated for more than 150 runs had an across-day migration time precision of 1% relative standard deviation and percent area precision of 10% relative standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Yan He
- Analytical Research and Development, 875 Chesterfield Parkway, PfizerChesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Jessica R Guerrette
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cassandra L Crihfield
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Biohybrid Solutions, LLC, 320 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA, 15238, USA
| | - Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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16
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Alves CPA, Prazeres DMF, Monteiro GA. Minicircle Biopharmaceuticals–An Overview of Purification Strategies. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2020.612594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Minicircles are non-viral delivery vectors with promising features for biopharmaceutical applications. These vectors are plasmid-derived circular DNA molecules that are obtained in vivo in Escherichia coli by the intramolecular recombination of a parental plasmid, which generates a minicircle containing the eukaryotic therapeutic cassette of interest and a miniplasmid containing the prokaryotic backbone. The production process results thus in a complex mixture, which hinders the isolation of minicircle molecules from other DNA molecules. Several strategies have been proposed over the years to meet the challenge of purifying and obtaining high quality minicircles in compliance with the regulatory guidelines for therapeutic use. In minicircle purification, the characteristics of the strain and parental plasmid used have a high impact and strongly affect the purification strategy that can be applied. This review summarizes the different methods developed so far, focusing not only on the purification method itself but also on its dependence on the upstream production strategy used.
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Almeida AM, Costa D, Simões AR, Queiroz JA, Sousa F, Sousa Â. Enhancement of a biotechnological platform for the purification and delivery of a human papillomavirus supercoiled plasmid DNA vaccine. N Biotechnol 2020; 59:1-9. [PMID: 32622863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
New biotechnological strategies are being explored, aimed at rapid and economic manufacture of large quantities of DNA vaccines with the required purity for therapeutic applications, as well as their correct delivery as biopharmaceuticals to target cells. This report describes the purification of supercoiled (sc) HPV-16 E6/E7 plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine from a bacterial lysate, using an arginine-based monolith, presenting a spacer arm in its configuration. To enhance the performance of the purification process, monolith modification with the spacer arm can improve accessibility of the arginine ligand. By using a low NaCl concentration at pH 7.0, a condition to eliminate the RNA impurity directly in the flow through was established. The pH increase to 7.5 allowed the elimination of non-functional pDNA isoforms, the sc pDNA being recovered by increasing the ionic strength. As well as a binding capacity of 2.53 mg/mL obtained with a pre-purified sc pDNA sample, the column also purified sc pDNA from high lysate loading, with capacities above 1 mg/mL. Due to the sample displacement phenomena, non-functional pDNA isoforms were eliminated throughout column loading, favoring the degree of purity of final sc pDNA of 93.3%-98.5%. Thereafter, purified sc pDNA was successfully encapsulated into CaCO3-gelatin nano-complexes. Delivery of the pDNA-carriers to THP-1 cells was assessed through pDNA cellular uptake evaluation and correct E6 expression was verified by mRNA and protein detection. A biotechnological platform was established for sc pDNA purification and delivery to dendritic cells, stimulating further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Almeida
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Simões
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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18
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Chu W, Prodromou R, Day KN, Schneible JD, Bacon KB, Bowen JD, Kilgore RE, Catella CM, Moore BD, Mabe MD, Alashoor K, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Menegatti S. Peptides and pseudopeptide ligands: a powerful toolbox for the affinity purification of current and next-generation biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461632. [PMID: 33333349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the consolidation of therapeutic proteins in the fight against cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases, recent advancements in biochemistry and biotechnology have introduced a host of next-generation biotherapeutics, such as CRISPR-Cas nucleases, stem and car-T cells, and viral vectors for gene therapy. With these drugs entering the clinical pipeline, a new challenge lies ahead: how to manufacture large quantities of high-purity biotherapeutics that meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. The protein ligands employed by the industry are inadequate to confront this challenge: while featuring high binding affinity and selectivity, these ligands require laborious engineering and expensive manufacturing, are prone to biochemical degradation, and pose safety concerns related to their bacterial origin. Peptides and pseudopeptides make excellent candidates to form a new cohort of ligands for the purification of next-generation biotherapeutics. Peptide-based ligands feature excellent target biorecognition, low or no toxicity and immunogenicity, and can be manufactured affordably at large scale. This work presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on peptide-based ligands and their use in the affinity purification of established and upcoming biological drugs. A comparative analysis is first presented on peptide engineering principles, the development of ligands targeting different biomolecular targets, and the promises and challenges connected to the industrial implementation of peptide ligands. The reviewed literature is organized in (i) conventional (α-)peptides targeting antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, gene therapy products, and therapeutic cells; (ii) cyclic peptides and pseudo-peptides for protein purification and capture of viral and bacterial pathogens; and (iii) the forefront of peptide mimetics, such as β-/γ-peptides, peptoids, foldamers, and stimuli-responsive peptides for advanced processing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kevin N Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kaitlyn B Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Carly M Catella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Matthew D Mabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kawthar Alashoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yiman Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xiao
- College of Textile, Donghua University, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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19
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Silva-Santos AR, Rosa SS, Prazeres DMF, Azevedo AM. Purification of Plasmid DNA by Multimodal Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2197:193-205. [PMID: 32827138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0872-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal (MM) chromatography can be described as a chromatographic method that uses more than one mode of interaction between the target molecule and the ligand to achieve a particular separation. Owing to its advantages over traditional chromatography, such as higher selectivity and capacity, its application for the purification of biomolecules with therapeutic interest has been widely studied. The potential of MM chromatography for the purification of plasmid DNA has been demonstrated. In this chapter, a downstream process for the purification of supercoiled plasmid DNA using MM chromatography with two different ligands-Capto™ adhere and PPA HyperCell™-is described. In both the cases, the purification process yields a high purity and highly homogeneous sc plasmid product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rita Silva-Santos
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Sousa Rosa
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Miguel F Prazeres
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Azevedo
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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20
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A frontal analysis combined with a simultaneous chromatographic analysis of macromolecules using a single chromatographic system. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460571. [PMID: 31708219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chromatographic system was adapted to allow monitoring of eluent of preparative column via absorbance and with the chromatographic analysis of the target macromolecule on the same chromatographic system. The proposed approach was tested on important macromolecules, such as monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibody aggregates and plasmid DNA (pDNA). A frontal analysis was made on the preparative column, while a chromatographic on-line analysis was performed by sequentially injecting the preparative column outlet on a convection-based analytical column, operating on the same chromatographic system. Cation and/or anion exchangers were used as the chromatographic media (along with a protein A), depending on the sample to be purified. The method was found to be robust and reproducible. To adjust the limit of detection, an algorithm varying the number of injections was used, enabling accurate monitoring of an early breakthrough for concentrations below 1% of the feed concentration. The accuracy varies according to the applied flow rate, but it is typically in the range of few percent, or even below. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, the proposed method can be easily adapted to a pharmaceutical environment.
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21
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Effect of Chromatographic Conditions on Supercoiled Plasmid DNA Stability and Bioactivity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 has been associated with the pathogenesis of the majority of the cases of cancer reported to date, leading the cell to acquire different features known as the cancer hallmarks. In normal situations, the protein p53 protects the cells against tumorigenesis. By detecting metabolic stress or DNA damage in response to stress, p53 can lead the cell to senescence, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Thus, in the case of p53 mutations, it is reasonable to assume that the reestablishment of its function, may restrain the proliferation of cancer cells. The concept of cancer gene therapy can be based on this assumption, and suitable biotechnological approaches must be explored to assure the preparation of gene-based biopharmaceuticals. Although numerous procedures have already been established to purify supercoiled plasmid DNA (sc pDNA), the therapeutic application is highly dependent on the biopharmaceutical’s activity, which can be affected by the chromatographic conditions used. Thus, the present work aims at comparing quality and in vitro activity of the supercoiled (sc) isoform of the p53 encoding plasmid purified by three different amino acids-based chromatographic strategies, involving histidine–agarose, arginine–macroporous, and histidine–monolith supports. The B-DNA topology was maintained in all purified pDNA samples, but their bioactivity, related to the induction of protein p53 expression and apoptosis in cancer cells, was higher with arginine–macroporous support, followed by histidine–monolith and histidine–agarose. Despite the purity degree of 92% and recovery yield of 43% obtained with arginine–macroporous, the sc pDNA sample led to a higher expression level of the therapeutic p53 protein (58%) and, consequently, induced a slightly higher apoptotic effect (27%) compared with sc pDNA samples obtained with histidine–monolithic support (26%) and histidine–agarose support (24%). This behavior can be related to the mild chromatographic conditions used with arginine–macroporous support, which includes the use of low salt concentrations, at neutral pH and lower temperatures, when compared to the high ionic strength of ammonium sulfate and acidic pH used with histidine-based supports. These results can contribute to field of biopharmaceutical preparation, emphasizing the need to control several experimental conditions while adapting and selecting the methodologies that enable the use of milder conditions as this can have a significant impact on pDNA stability and biological activity.
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22
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Development and characterization of an improved formulation of cholesteryl oleate-loaded cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles as an efficient non-viral gene delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110533. [PMID: 31593829 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated plasmid delivery is considered a useful tool to introduce foreign DNA into the cells for the purpose of DNA vaccination and/or gene therapy. Cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs) are considered one of the most promising non-viral vectors for nucleic acid delivery. Based on the idea that the optimization of the components is required to improve transfection efficiency, the present study aimed to formulate and characterize cholesteryl oleate-containing solid-lipid nanoparticles (CO-SLNs) incorporating protamine (P) to condense DNA to produce P:DNA:CO-SLN complexes as non-viral vectors for gene delivery with reduced cytotoxicity and high cellular uptake efficiency. For this purpose, CO-SLNs were used to prepare DNA complexes with and without protamine as DNA condenser and nuclear transfer enhancer. The main physicochemical characteristics, binding capabilities, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of these novel CO-SLNs were analyzed. Positively charged spherical P:DNA:CO-SLN complexes with a particle size ranging from 330.1 ± 14.8 nm to 347.0 ± 18.5 nm were obtained. Positive results were obtained in the DNase I protection assay with a protective effect of the genetic material and 100% loading efficiency was achieved at a P:DNA:CO-SLN ratio of 2:1:7. Transfection studies in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells showed the versatility of adding protamine to efficiently transfect cells, widening the potential applications of CO-SLN-based vectors, since the incorporation of protamine induced almost a 200-fold increase in the transfection capacity of CO-SLNs without toxicity. These results indicate that CO-SLNs with protamine are a safe and effective platform for non-viral nucleic acid delivery.
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23
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Dorward A, O'Kennedy RD, Folarin O, Ward JM, Keshavarz-Moore E. The role of amino acids in the amplification and quality of DNA vectors for industrial applications. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2883. [PMID: 31298810 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated that the type and feeding regimen of amino acids have a significant impact on the quality as well as the quantity of DNA vectors produced. Nutrient pool and factorial design experiments were carried out in order to identify the amino acids involved in increased biomass and induction of plasmid amplification. Leucine, glycine, and histidine were responsible for increased biomass and leucine starvation in the presence of histidine was implicated in plasmid amplification. Supercoiling of the plasmid was optimized using a dual feeding strategy. As a result of this, a fed-batch fermentation strategy for the production of a 6.9 kb plasmid, pSVß, in Escherichia coli DH5α was developed. In batch fermentation, a maximum plasmid yield of 39.4 mg/L equivalent to 11.3 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW) was achieved with casein hydrolysate limitation. About 90% of plasmid was in the supercoiled (SC) form after 31 hr of fermentation but only remained so for a short period, leading to a very brief window for harvesting cells at scale. Subsequently, a fed-batch fermentation using a dual feeding strategy was employed. A mean maximum plasmid yield of 44 mg/L equivalent to 9.1 mg plasmid/g DCW was achieved. After 25 hr, 90% of plasmid was in the SC form and remained at this level for the remaining 10 hr of the fermentation, allowing adequate time for the harvesting of cells without the loss of supercoiling of product. This study emphasized that optimizing fermentation strategy and identifying the essential nutrients are beneficial for bioprocessing of plasmid DNA for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Dorward
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ronan D O'Kennedy
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olusegun Folarin
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - John M Ward
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Wu J, Chen J, Feng Y, Tian H, Chen X. Tumor microenvironment as the "regulator" and "target" for gene therapy. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3088. [PMID: 30938916 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on strategies for designing functional nano gene carriers, as well as choosing therapeutic genes targeting the tumor microenvironment. Gene mutations have a great impact on the occurrence of cancer. Thus, gene therapy plays a major role in cancer therapy and has the potential to cure cancer. Well-designed gene therapy largely relies on effective gene carriers, which can be divided into viral carriers and non-viral carriers. A gene carrier delivers functional genes to their intracellular target and avoids nucleic acids being degraded by nucleases in the serum. Most conventional cancer gene therapies only target cancer cells and do not appear to be sufficintly efficient to pass clinical trials. Accumulating evidence has shown that extending the therapeutic strategies to the tumor microenvironment, rather than the tumor cell itself, can allow more options for achieving robust anti-cancer efficiency. In addition, unusual features between tumor microenvironment and normal tissues, such as a lower pH, higher glutathione and reactive oxygen species concentrations, and overexpression of some enzymes, facilitate the design of smart stimuli-responsive gene carriers regulated by the tumor microenvironment. These carriers interact with nucleic acids and then form stable nanoparticles under physiological conditions. By regulation of the tumor microenvironment, stimuli-responsive gene carriers are able to change their properties and achieve high gene delivery efficiency. Considering the tumor microenvironment as the "regulator" and "target" when designing gene carriers and choosing therapeutic genes shows significant benefit with respect to improving the accuracy and efficiency of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanji Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, China
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25
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Tejeda-Mansir A, García-Rendón A, Guerrero-Germán P. Plasmid-DNA lipid and polymeric nanovaccines: a new strategic in vaccines development. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2018; 35:46-68. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2018.1560552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Tejeda-Mansir
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Sonora, México
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26
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Lin KN, Grandhi TSP, Goklany S, Rege K. Chemotherapeutic Drug-Conjugated Microbeads Demonstrate Preferential Binding to Methylated Plasmid DNA. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700701. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Lin
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Taraka Sai Pavan Grandhi
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Sheba Goklany
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
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27
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Lee J, Arun Kumar S, Jhan YY, Bishop CJ. Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:31-47. [PMID: 30172933 PMCID: PMC7105045 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering vaccine-based therapeutics for infectious diseases is highly challenging, as trial formulations are often found to be nonspecific, ineffective, thermally or hydrolytically unstable, and/or toxic. Vaccines have greatly improved the therapeutic landscape for treating infectious diseases and have significantly reduced the threat by therapeutic and preventative approaches. Furthermore, the advent of recombinant technologies has greatly facilitated growth within the vaccine realm by mitigating risks such as virulence reversion despite making the production processes more cumbersome. In addition, seroconversion can also be enhanced by recombinant technology through kinetic and nonkinetic approaches, which are discussed herein. Recombinant technologies have greatly improved both amino acid-based vaccines and DNA-based vaccines. A plateau of interest has been reached between 2001 and 2010 for the scientific community with regard to DNA vaccine endeavors. The decrease in interest may likely be attributed to difficulties in improving immunogenic properties associated with DNA vaccines, although there has been research demonstrating improvement and optimization to this end. Despite improvement, to the extent of our knowledge, there are currently no regulatory body-approved DNA vaccines for human use (four vaccines approved for animal use). This article discusses engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases while discussing advantages and disadvantages of each, with an emphasis on applications of these DNA vaccines. Statement of Significance This review paper summarizes the state of the engineered/recombinant DNA vaccine field, with a scope entailing “Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases”. We endeavor to emphasize recent advances, recapitulating the current state of the field. In addition to discussing DNA therapeutics that have already been clinically translated, this review also examines current research developments, and the challenges thwarting further progression. Our review covers: recombinant DNA-based subunit vaccines; internalization and processing; enhancing immune protection via adjuvants; manufacturing and engineering DNA; the safety, stability and delivery of DNA vaccines or plasmids; controlling gene expression using plasmid engineering and gene circuits; overcoming immunogenic issues; and commercial successes. We hope that this review will inspire further research in DNA vaccine development.
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28
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β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) production in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12278. [PMID: 30115969 PMCID: PMC6095924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease with continuously increasing prevalence, rising financial pressure on the worldwide healthcare systems. Recently, the insulin resistance, hallmark of type 2 diabetes, was cured in mice treated with NAD+ precursor β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), no toxic effects being reported. However, NMN has a high price tag, more cost effective production methods are needed. This study proposes a biotechnological NMN production method in Escherichia coli. We show that bicistronic expression of recombinant nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase in the presence of nicotinamide (NAM) and lactose may be a successful strategy for cost effective NMN production. Protein expression vectors carrying NAMPT gene from Haemophilus ducreyi and PRPP synthetase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with L135I mutation were transformed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. NMN production reached a maximum of 15.42 mg per L of bacterial culture (or 17.26 mg per gram of protein) in these cells grown in PYA8 medium supplemented with 0.1% NAM and 1% lactose.
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29
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Gong W, Liang Y, Wu X. The current status, challenges, and future developments of new tuberculosis vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1697-1716. [PMID: 29601253 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1458806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causes tuberculosis (TB), one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. TB results in more fatalities than multi-drug resistant (MDR) HIV strain related coinfection. Vaccines play a key role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the only licensed preventive vaccine against TB, bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is ineffective for prevention of pulmonary TB in adults. Therefore, it is very important to develop novel vaccines for TB prevention and control. This literature review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune response during M. tuberculosis infection, and presents current developments and challenges to novel TB vaccines. A comprehensive understanding of vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies provides extensive insight for the development of safer and more efficient vaccines, and may inspire new ideas for TB prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- a Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yan Liang
- a Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- a Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research , Haidian District, Beijing , China
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30
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Abdulrahman A, Ghanem A. Recent advances in chromatographic purification of plasmid DNA for gene therapy and DNA vaccines: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:41-57. [PMID: 29801607 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The wide spread of infectious diseases have provoked the scientists to develop new types of vaccines. Among the different types of vaccines, the recently discovered plasmid DNA vaccines, have gained tremendous attentions in the last few decades as a modern approach of vaccination. The scientific interest in plasmid DNA vaccines is attributed to their prominent efficacy as they trigger not only the cellular immune response but also the humoral immune responses. Moreover, pDNA vaccines are easily to be stored, shipped and produced. However, the purification of the pDNA vaccines is a crucial step in their production and administration, which is usually conducted by different chromatographic techniques. This review summarizes the most recent chromatographic purification methods provided in the literature during the last five years following our last review in 2013, including affinity chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, multimodal chromatography, sample displacement chromatography and miscellaneous chromatographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulrahman
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 2617, Australia
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 2617, Australia. http://www.chiralitygroup.com
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31
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Silva-Santos AR, Alves CP, Prazeres DMF, Azevedo AM. A process for supercoiled plasmid DNA purification based on multimodal chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Franco-Medrano DI, Guerrero-Germán P, Montesinos-Cisneros RM, Ortega-López J, Tejeda-Mansir A. Plasmid pVAX1-NH36 purification by membrane and bead perfusion chromatography. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:463-471. [PMID: 27913884 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The demand for plasmid DNA (pDNA) has increased in response to the rapid advances in vaccines applications to prevent and treat infectious diseases caused by virus, bacteria or parasites, such as Leishmania species. The immunization protocols require large amounts of supercoiled plasmid DNA (sc-pDNA) challenging the development of efficient and profitable processes for capturing and purified pDNA molecules from large volumes of lysates. A typical bioprocess involves four steps: fermentation, primary recovery, intermediate recovery and final purification. Ion-exchange chromatography is one of the key operations in the purification schemes of pDNA owing the chemical structure of these macromolecules. The goal of this research was to compare the performance of the final purification step of pDNA using ion-exchange chromatography on columns packed with Mustang Q membranes or perfusive beads POROS 50 HQ. The experimental results showed that both matrixes could separate the plasmid pVAX1-NH36 (3936 bp) from impurities in clarified Escherichia coli lysates with an adequate resolution. In addition, a 24- and 21-fold global purification factor was obtained. An 88 and 63% plasmid recuperation was achieved with ion-exchange membranes and perfusion beads, respectively. A better understanding of perfusion-based matrices for the purification of pDNA was developed in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ivonne Franco-Medrano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, SON, México
| | - Patricia Guerrero-Germán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, SON, México.
| | | | - Jaime Ortega-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Cd. De, 07360, México, México
| | - Armando Tejeda-Mansir
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, SON, México
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33
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Vaccine Delivery. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315382579-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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34
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Matos T, Mohamed ET, Queiroz JA, Bülow L. Capto™ Resins for Chromatography of DNA: A Minor Difference in Ligand Composition Greatly Influences the Separation of Guanidyl-Containing Fragments. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Bao L, Wei G, Gan H, Ren X, Ma R, Wang YI, Lv H. Immunogenicity of varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E DNA vaccine. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1788-1794. [PMID: 27168804 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study a eukaryotic expression vector of varicella zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) was constructed and enabled to express in COS7 cells. Furthermore, a specific immune response against the VZV gE eukaryotic expression plasmid was induced in BALB/c mice. The VZV gE gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3.1. The recombinant vector was subsequently transfected into COS7 cells using a liposome transfection reagent. The recombinant protein was instantaneously expressed by the transfected cells, as detected by immunohistochemistry, and the recombinant pcDNA-VZV gE plasmid was subsequently used to immunize mice. Tissue expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, the levels of serum antibodies and spleen lymphocyte proliferation activity were investigated. The amplified target gene included the full-length gE gene (~2.7 kb), and the recombinant expression vector induced gE expression in COS7 cells. In addition, the expression plasmid induced sustained expression in vivo following immunization of mice. Furthermore, the plasmid was capable of inducing specific antibody production and effectively stimulating T cell proliferation. Effective humoral and cellular immunity was triggered in the mice immunized with the VZV gE eukaryotic expression vector. The results of the present study laid the foundation for future research into a VZV DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidao Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Guomin Wei
- Department of Respiratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Gan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Ruilian Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Y I Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Lv
- Department of Scientific Research, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, P.R. China
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36
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Besnard L, Fabre V, Fettig M, Gousseinov E, Kawakami Y, Laroudie N, Scanlan C, Pattnaik P. Clarification of vaccines: An overview of filter based technology trends and best practices. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Bicho D, Santos B, Caramelo-Nunes C, Sousa A, Sousa F, Queiroz J, Tomaz C. Application of ethylenediamine monolith to purify a hemagglutinin influenza deoxyribonucleic acid-based vaccine. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Černigoj U, Martinuč U, Cardoso S, Sekirnik R, Krajnc NL, Štrancar A. Sample displacement chromatography of plasmid DNA isoforms. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Khalili S, Rahbar MR, Dezfulian MH, Jahangiri A. In silico analyses of Wilms׳ tumor protein to designing a novel multi-epitope DNA vaccine against cancer. J Theor Biol 2015; 379:66-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Amorim LFA, Sousa F, Queiroz JA, Cruz C, Sousa Â. Screening ofl-histidine-based ligands to modify monolithic supports and selectively purify the supercoiled plasmid DNA isoform. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:349-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia F. A. Amorim
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Av. Infante D. Henrique Covilhã 6200-506 Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Av. Infante D. Henrique Covilhã 6200-506 Portugal
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Av. Infante D. Henrique Covilhã 6200-506 Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Av. Infante D. Henrique Covilhã 6200-506 Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Av. Infante D. Henrique Covilhã 6200-506 Portugal
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41
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Caramelo-Nunes C, Tomaz CT. Specific recognition of supercoiled plasmid DNA by affinity chromatography using a synthetic aromatic ligand. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1286:47-54. [PMID: 25749945 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2447-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography is the method of choice for the purification of plasmid DNA (pDNA), since it is simple, robust, versatile, and highly reproducible. The most important features of a chromatographic procedure are the use of suitable stationary phases and ligands. As conventional purification protocols are being replaced by more sophisticated and selective procedures, the focus changes toward designing and selecting ligands of high affinity and specificity. In fact, the chemical composition of the chromatographic supports determines the interactions established with the target molecules, allowing their preferential retention over the undesirable ones. Here it is described the selective recognition and purification of supercoiled pDNA by affinity chromatography, using an intercalative molecule (3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine) as ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Caramelo-Nunes
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
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42
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Almeida AM, Queiroz JA, Sousa F, Sousa A. Optimization of supercoiled HPV-16 E6/E7 plasmid DNA purification with arginine monolith using design of experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 978-979:145-50. [PMID: 25544011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The progress of DNA vaccines is dependent on the development of suitable chromatographic procedures to successfully purify genetic vectors, such as plasmid DNA. Human Papillomavirus is associated with the development of tumours due to the oncogenic power of E6 and E7 proteins, produced by this virus. The supercoiled HPV-16 E6/E7 plasmid-based vaccine was recently purified with the arginine monolith, with 100% of purity, but only 39% of recovery was achieved. Therefore, the present study describes the application of experimental design tools, a newly explored methodology in preparative chromatography, in order to improve the supercoiled plasmid DNA recovery with the arginine monolith, maintaining the high purity degree. In addition, the importance and influence of pH in the pDNA retention to the arginine ligand was also demonstrated. The Composite Central Face design was validated and the recovery of the target molecule was successfully improved from 39% to 83.5%, with an outstanding increase of more than double, while maintaining 100% of purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Almeida
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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43
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Aguilar P, Twarda A, Sousa F, Dias-Cabral A. Thermodynamic study of the interaction between linear plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid and an anion exchange support under linear and overloaded conditions. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372C:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Castilho PH, Correia TR, Pessoa de Amorim MT, Escobar IC, Queiroz JA, Correia IJ, Morão AM. Modification of microfiltration membranes by hydrogel impregnation for pDNA purification. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. Castilho
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Tiago R. Correia
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | | | - Isabel C. Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Toledo; Toledo Ohio 43606
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - António M. Morão
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
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45
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Pérez-Martínez Y, Montesinos-Cisneros RM, Guerrero-Germán P, Guzman-Zamudio R, Tejeda-Mansir A. Batch Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Plasmid pCI Adsorption onto Perfusion Particles. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.896818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Pérez-Martínez
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , México
| | | | - P. Guerrero-Germán
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , México
| | - R. Guzman-Zamudio
- c Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA
| | - A. Tejeda-Mansir
- d Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , Sonora , México
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46
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Sousa Â, Pereira P, Sousa F, Queiroz JA. Binding mechanisms for histamine and agmatine ligands in plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid purifications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:110-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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47
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Selective purification of supercoiled p53-encoding pDNA with l-methionine–agarose matrix. Anal Biochem 2014; 459:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Hartlieb M, Pretzel D, Englert C, Hentschel M, Kempe K, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Matrix Supported Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Hydrogels for DNA Catch and Release. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1970-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500236y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hartlieb
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David Pretzel
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Englert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Kristian Kempe
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Bai JS, Bai S, Shi QH, Sun Y. Purification of supercoiled plasmid DNA from clarified bacterial lysate by arginine-affinity chromatography: Effects of spacer arms and ligand density. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1386-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Bai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin China
| | - Shu Bai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin China
| | - Qing-Hong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin China
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50
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Development of a phenyl membrane chromatography-based process yielding pharmaceutical grade plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid for mammalian cells transfection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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