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Asif M, Kosar N, Sajid H, Qureshi S, Gilani MA, Ayub K, Arshad M, Imran M, Hamid MHS, Bayach I, Sheikh NS, Mahmood T. Exploring the Sensing Potential of g-C 3N 4 versus Li/g-C 3N 4 Nanoflakes toward Hazardous Organic Volatiles: A DFT Simulation Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3541-3553. [PMID: 38284053 PMCID: PMC10810007 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations were performed to determine the sensing behavior of g-C3N4 and Li metal-doped g-C3N4 (Li/g-C3N4) quantum dots toward toxic compounds acetamide (AA), benzamide (BA), and their thio-analogues, namely, thioacetamide (TAA) and thiobenzamide (TAA). For optimization and interaction energies, the ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) level of theory was used. Interaction energies (Eint) illustrate the high thermodynamic stabilities of the designed complexes due to the presence of the noncovalent interactions. The presence of electrostatic forces in some complexes is also observed. The observed trend of Eint in g-C3N4 complexes was BA > TAA > AA > TBA, while in Li/g-C3N4, the trend was BA > AA > TBA > TAA. The electronic properties were studied by frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and natural bond orbital analyses. According to FMO, lithium metal doping greatly enhanced the conductivity of the complexes by generating new HOMOs near the Fermi level. A significant amount of charge transfer was also observed in complexes, reflecting the increase in charge conductivity. NCI and QTAIM analyses evidenced the presence of significant noncovalent dispersion and electrostatic forces in Li/g-C3N4 and respective complexes. Charge decomposition analysis gave an idea of the transfer of charge density between quantum dots and analytes. Finally, TD-DFT explained the optical behavior of the reported complexes. The findings of this study suggested that both bare g-C3N4 and Li/g-C3N4 can effectively be used as atmospheric sensors having excellent adsorbing properties toward toxic analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Asif
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Naveen Kosar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Management and
Technology (UMT), C-11, Johar Town, Lahore 54782, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School
of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent
University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
| | - Sana Qureshi
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malai Haniti S.
A. Hamid
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku
Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku
Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Sakhir 1054, Bahrain
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Rajana N, Ramana D, Moses Babu J, Basavaiah K, Rama Devi D. Quantitative method for determination of 3,3‐dimethylallyl bromide genotoxic impurity in Tazarotene drug substance by GC‐MS. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Rajana
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Miyapur Hyderabad India
- Integrated Product Development Organization Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Bachupally Telangana India
| | - D.V Ramana
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Miyapur Hyderabad India
| | - J. Moses Babu
- Integrated Product Development Organization Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Bachupally Telangana India
| | - K. Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Dharamasoth Rama Devi
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Andhra University Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India
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3
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Rajana N, Yarbagi KM, Balakumaran K, Madhubabu MV, Mosesbabu J, Basavaiah K, Rama Devi D. An Orthogonal Approach for Determination of Acetamide Content in Pharmaceutical Drug Substance and Base-Contaminated Acetonitrile by GC and GC-MS External Method. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:769-777. [PMID: 31504301 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetamide is a potential genotoxic impurity; it should control in drug substance based on daily dosage level. It forms from base-contaminated acetonitrile and by-product of some drug substances. The available methods for acetamide in drug substance and water samples were determined by GC-MS using internal standard with critical procedures. These developed and validated methods can assist in evaluating the reaction between acetonitrile and different bases and also determine trace level acetamide in drug substances. The method development was initiated with DB-624, 30 m, 0.32 width and 1.0-μm column. The column was used to validate at the 600 ppm TTC value. Similarly, the CP-SIL 5CB, 60 m, 0.32 width, the 5-μm column was used for the remaining TTC values. The validation study was performed for all TTC limits. The % RSD for precision at 600, 60, 20, 10 and 2.5 ppm was <15%. The % recovery at all TTC level was in between the 70 and 130%. Solution stability study was performed up to the 24 h. At 2.5 ppm, the results were <15% variation from the initial value. The linearities from the 50 to 150% concerning TTC values were more than limit of 0.98 correlation coefficient. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.4 to the 1.3 ppm, respectively, for 2.5 ppm TTC limit method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Rajana
- Technology Development centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India.,Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Kaviaraj M Yarbagi
- Technology Development centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - K Balakumaran
- Technology Development centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - M V Madhubabu
- Technology Development centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - J Mosesbabu
- Technology Development centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - K Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, India
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Parrot A, Collin S, Bruylants G, Reinaud O. The 3 rd degree of biomimetism: associating the cavity effect, Zn II coordination and internal base assistance for guest binding and activation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5479-5487. [PMID: 30079177 PMCID: PMC6048688 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a resorcinarene-based tetra(imidazole) ligand is reported. The properties of the corresponding ZnII complex are studied in depth, notably by NMR spectroscopy. In MeCN, acid-base titration reveals that one out of the four imidazole arms is hemi-labile and can be selectively protonated, thereby opening a coordination site in the exo position. Quite remarkably, the 4th imidazole arm promotes binding of an acidic molecule (a carboxylic acid, a β-diketone or acetamide), by acting as an internal base, which allows guest binding as an anion to the metal center in the endo position. Most importantly, the presence of this labile imidazole arm makes the ZnII complex active for the catalyzed hydration of acetonitrile. It is proposed that it acts as a general base for activating a water molecule in the vicinity of the metal center during its nucleophilic attack to the endo-bound MeCN substrate. This system presents a unique degree of biomimetism when considering zinc enzymes: a pocket for guest binding, a similar first coordination sphere, a coordination site available for water activation in the cis position relative to the substrate and finally an internal imidazole residue that plays the role of a general base.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parrot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques , CNRS UMR8601 , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France .
| | - S Collin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques , CNRS UMR8601 , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France .
| | - G Bruylants
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems , Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - O Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques , CNRS UMR8601 , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France .
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Vismeh R, Haddad D, Moore J, Nielson C, Bals B, Campbell T, Julian A, Teymouri F, Jones AD, Bringi V. Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:298-305. [PMID: 29186951 PMCID: PMC5765534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Acetamide has been classified as a possible human carcinogen, but uncertainties exist about its levels in foods. This report presents evidence that thermal decomposition of N-acetylated sugars and amino acids in heated gas chromatograph injectors contributes to artifactual acetamide in milk and beef. An alternative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocol based on derivatization of acetamide with 9-xanthydrol was optimized and shown to be free of artifactual acetamide formation. The protocol was validated using a surrogate analyte approach based on d3-acetamide and applied to analyze 23 pasteurized whole milk, 44 raw sirloin beef, and raw milk samples from 14 different cows, and yielded levels about 10-fold lower than those obtained by direct injection without derivatization. The xanthydrol derivatization procedure detected acetamide in every food sample tested at 390 ± 60 ppb in milk, 400 ± 80 ppb in beef, and 39 000 ± 9000 ppb in roasted coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Vismeh
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Diane Haddad
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Janette Moore
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Chandra Nielson
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Bryan Bals
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Tim Campbell
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Allen Julian
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - Farzaneh Teymouri
- Michigan
Biotechnology Institute, Lansing, Michigan 48910, United States
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- E-mail: ; Phone: +1-517-432-7126; Fax: +1-517-353-9334
| | - Venkataraman Bringi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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