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Lamin V, Mani AM, Singh MV, Dokun AO. Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Macrophage Subsets Recruitment in Postischemic Mouse Hind Limbs. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:148-159. [PMID: 37336198 DOI: 10.1159/000530732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) occurs from atherosclerotic obstruction of arteries in the lower extremities. Restoration of perfusion requires angiogenesis and arteriogenesis through migration and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and macrophages at the site of injury. The time of recruitment has not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the infiltration of these cells in murine hind limb ischemia (HLI) model of PAD. METHODS EPCs and M1-like and M2-like macrophages from ischemic skeletal muscles were quantified by flow cytometry at day-0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 post-HLI. RESULTS The abundance of EPCs increased from day 1 and was highest on day 7 until day 14. M1-like population similarly increased and was highest on day 14 during the experiment. M2-like population was significantly greater than M1-like at baseline but surpassed the highest value of M1-like by day 7 during the experiment. Muscle regeneration and capillary density also increased and were highest at days 3 and 7, respectively, during the experiment. All mice achieved near full perfusion recovery by day 14. CONCLUSION Thus, we observed a gradual increase in the percentage of EPC's and this was temporally paralleled with initial increase in M1-like followed by sustained increased in M2-like macrophages and perfusion recovered post-HLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lamin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Arul M Mani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Madhu V Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary heart disease (CHD) contributes to the majority of cardiovascular deaths. With the development of precision medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease are becoming more refined and individualized. Molecular diagnosis technology and individualized treatment are gradually applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD. It is great significance to seek sensitive biological indicators to help early diagnosis and improve prognosis of CHD. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive technique, which is widely used to detect molecular biomarkers of tumors without invasive biopsy. Compared with the field of oncology, it is not easy to get the diseased tissue in CVD, especially CHD. Therefore, the idea of "fluid biopsy" is very attractive, and its progress may provide new and useful noninvasive indicators for CHD. By analyzing circulating cells or their products in blood, saliva, and urine samples, we can investigate the molecular changes that occur in each patient at a specific point in time, thus continuously monitoring the evolution of CHD. For example, the assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may help predict the severity of acute myocardial infarction and diagnose heart transplant rejection. Moreover, the unmethylated FAM101A gene may specifically track the cfDNA derived from cardiomyocyte death, which provides a powerful diagnostic biomarker for apoptosis during ischemia. In addition, the changes of plasma circulating miR-92 levels may predict the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) onset in patients with diabetes. Liquid biopsy can reflect the disease state through patients' body fluids and may noninvasively provide dynamic and rich molecular information related to CHD. It has great application potential in early warning and auxiliary diagnosis, real-time monitoring of curative effect, medication guidance and exploration of drug resistance mechanism, prognosis judgment, and risk classification of CHD. This chapter will review the latest progress of liquid biopsy in accurate diagnosis and treatment of CHD, meanwhile explore the application status and clinical prospect of liquid biopsy in CHD, in order to improve the importance of precision medicine and personalized treatment in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li S, Ma Q. Electrochemical nano-sensing interface for exosomes analysis and cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114554. [PMID: 35834978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of the nanosized extracellular vesicles, which have emerged as representative liquid biopsy biomarkers. To date, the electrochemical nanosensors are of great significance in the exosome detection with the advantages of easy operation, high accuracy and reliable repeatability. Especially, the growing field of nano interface has provided the electrochemical sensing platforms for the accurate exosomes analysis. The incorporation of multiple nanomaterials can take advantages and synergistic properties of functional units. So, based on the integration of with nanomaterial-based signal transduction and specific biorecognition, the nano-sensing interface provides excellent electrochemical features owing to rapid mass transport and excellent conductivity. The nano-sensing interface with a wide variety of morphologies and structure also provides the large active surface area for the immobilization of bio-capturing agents. Furthermore, through the design of nanostructured electrode array, the efficiency of transducer can be greatly improved. It should be noticed that the elaboration of a proper sensor requires the profound knowledge of the nano-sensing interface. Therefore, this article presents a review of the recent advance in exosomes detection based on the electrochemical nano-sensing interface, including electrochemical analysis principles, exosome sensing mechanisms, nano-interface construction strategies, as well as the typical diagnosis application. In particular, the article is focused on the exploration of the various electrochemical sensing performance of nano-interface in the exosome detection. We have also prospected the future trend and challenge of the electrochemical nano-sensing interface for exosomes analysis in clinical cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Riaz MA, Chen Y. Electrodes and electrocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors: a review of design strategies. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:463-479. [PMID: 35289828 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 sensing is required in various biological and industrial applications, for which electrochemical sensing is a promising choice among various sensing technologies. Electrodes and electrocatalysts strongly influence the performance of electrochemical H2O2 sensors. Significant efforts have been devoted to electrode nanostructural designs and nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts. Here, we review the design strategies for electrodes and electrocatalysts used in electrochemical H2O2 sensors. We first summarize electrodes in different structures, including rotation disc electrodes, freestanding electrodes, all-in-one electrodes, and representative commercial H2O2 probes. Next, we discuss the design strategies used in recent studies to increase the number of active sites and intrinsic activities of electrocatalysts for H2O2 redox reactions, including nanoscale pore structuring, conductive supports, reducing the catalyst size, alloying, doping, and tuning the crystal facets. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the future research directions in creating nanoscale structures and nanomaterials to enable advanced electrochemical H2O2 sensors in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adil Riaz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Xiao ST, Kuang CY. Endothelial progenitor cells and coronary artery disease: Current concepts and future research directions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8953-8966. [PMID: 34786379 PMCID: PMC8567528 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular injury is a frequent pathology in coronary artery disease. To repair the vasculature, scientists have found that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have excellent properties associated with angiogenesis. Over time, research on EPCs has made encouraging progress regardless of pathology or clinical technology. This review focuses on the origins and cell markers of EPCs, and the connection between EPCs and coronary artery disease. In addition, we summarized various studies of EPC-capturing stents and EPC infusion therapy, and aim to learn from past technology to predict the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Tong Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Kuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou Province, China
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Tripaldi R, Lanuti P, Simeone PG, Liani R, Bologna G, Ciotti S, Simeone P, Di Castelnuovo A, Marchisio M, Cipollone F, Santilli F. Endogenous PCSK9 may influence circulating CD45 neg/CD34 bright and CD45 neg/CD34 bright/CD146 neg cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9659. [PMID: 33958634 PMCID: PMC8102605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a regulator of LDL cholesterol clearance and has been associated with cardiovascular risk. PCSK9 inhibitors increase in vivo circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a subtype of immature cells involved in ongoing endothelial repair. We hypothesized that the effect of PCSK9 on vascular homeostasis may be mediated by EPCs in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eighty-two patients (45 with, 37 without T2DM) at high cardiovascular risk were enrolled in this observational study. Statin treatment was associated with higher circulating levels of PCSK9 in patients with and without T2DM (p < 0.001 and p = 0.036) and with reduced CD45neg/CD34bright (total EPC compartment) (p = 0.016) and CD45neg/CD34bright/CD146neg (early EPC) (p = 0.040) only among patients with T2DM. In the whole group of patients, statin treatment was the only independent predictor of low number of CD45neg/CD34bright (β = - 0.230; p = 0.038, adjusted R2 = 0.041). Among T2DM patients, PCSK9 circulating levels were inversely related and predicted both the number of CD45neg/CD34bright (β = - 0.438; p = 0.003, adjusted R2 = 0.173), and CD45neg/CD34bright/CD146neg (β = - 0.458; p = 0.002, adjusted R2 = 0.191) independently of age, gender, BMI and statin treatment. In high-risk T2DM patients, high endogenous levels of PCSK9 may have a detrimental effect on EPCs by reducing the endothelial repair and worsening the progression of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Tripaldi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Giustina Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Ciotti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy.
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Hong Y, Yu Q, Kong Z, Wang M, Zhang R, Li Y, Liu Y. Exogenous endothelial progenitor cells reached the deficient region of acute cerebral ischemia rats to improve functional recovery via Bcl-2. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:695-704. [PMID: 32968626 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background As discovered in our previous study, autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) protect against acute focal ischemia rat via the promotion of angiogenesis. However, it is unknown whether the EPCs that reached the deficient region were transplanted ones or the products of other auto-conversion cells they had promoted. This study aimed to gather direct evidence for determining if exogenous transplanted EPCs directly participate in angiogenesis in ischemic areas and attempted to clarify the related mechanism. Methods First, EPCs were extracted in vitro from male rats, which were characterized by uptake of fluorescently labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) intake and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-1) and subsequently introduced to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) female rats for 7 days after ischemia surgery. The EPC-treated animals received approximately 1×106 cells, while the control animals received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The animals behavior function recovery were by a rotarod (TOR) test, while infarct volume was assessed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CD31 antibody was used to determine the presence of EPCs in the ischemic zone, and sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene in-situ hybridization (ISH) traced the EPC process. In addition, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to assess B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression in the ischemic brain. Results Behavior tests and MRI of all ischemic stroke groups on postoperative day 14 indicated that EPCs were more effective in behavior function recovery and reducing infarct volume and gliosis status than the control group. Cluster of differentiation (CD31) immunofluorescent staining and SRY gene ISH demonstrated that EPCs yielded a better outcome in both angiogenesis and exogenous cell homing status. We also observed increased Bcl-2 distribution and higher plasma Bcl-2 levels in the EPC-treated group compared to the control group. Conclusions Our results provide direct evidence that exogenous EPCs can participate in angiogenesis to improve neurological outcome and revascularization directly after stroke, with Bcl-2 playing an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohong Kong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiyao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Park KS, Kang SN, Kim DH, Kim HB, Im KS, Park W, Hong YJ, Han DK, Joung YK. Late endothelial progenitor cell-capture stents with CD146 antibody and nanostructure reduce in-stent restenosis and thrombosis. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:91-101. [PMID: 32434081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of damaged endothelium is promising to reduce side effects, including restenosis and thrombosis, in the stent treatment for vascular diseases. Current technologies based on drug delivery for these complications still do not satisfy patients due to invariant recurrence rate. Recently, even if one approach was applied to clinical trial to develop the firstly commercialized stent employing circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in blood vessels, it resulted in failure in clinical trial. Based on instruction of the failed case, we designed an advanced EPC-capture stent covered with anti-CD146 antibody (Ab) immobilized silicone nanofilament (SiNf) for the highly efficient and specific capture of not early but late stage of EPCs. In vitro cell capture test demonstrates enhanced capture efficiency and adhesion morphology of late EPCs on the modified substrate. The modified substrates could capture 8 times more late EPCs and even 3 times more mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as compared to unmodified one. A porcine model with high similarity to human reproduced in vivo results ideally translated from in vitro cell capture results. As restenosis indicators, lumen area, neointimal rate and stenosis area for modified stents were reduced at the range of 30-60% as compared to those for bare metal stent (BMS). Fibrin score indicating thrombosis was lowered less than half as comparing to that on BMS. These inspiring results are attributed to ~2-fold increased endothelial coverage, determined by immuno-histological staining. Taken together, the CD146 Ab-armed nanofilamentous stent could show great performance in the reduction of thrombosis and restenosis through re-endothelialization due to highly efficient specific cell capture. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stents have been developed from simple metal stents to functionalized stents for past decades. However, they have still risks to relapse the occlusion in stented arteries. In this paper, we describe the fabrication and optimization of cell capturing stents to maximize the effective re-endothelialization through the serial coating of silicone nanofilaments and anti-CD146 antibody. The nanofilaments increase the amount of coated antibodies and provide the anchoring points of circulating angiogenic cells for strong focal adhesion. We demonstrate high immobilizing ability of circulating angiogenic cells (endotheliali progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro under similar shear stress to coronary arteries (15 dyne/cm2). Also, we show accelerating re-endothelialization and the efficient prevention of restenosis in porcine coronary arteries in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sook Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nam Kang
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byual Kim
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Im
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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The ratio of circulating regulatory cluster of differentiation 4 T cells to endothelial progenitor cells predicts clinically significant acute rejection after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:496-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fearon WF, Okada K, Kobashigawa JA, Kobayashi Y, Luikart H, Sana S, Daun T, Chmura SA, Sinha S, Cohen G, Honda Y, Pham M, Lewis DB, Bernstein D, Yeung AC, Valantine HA, Khush K. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Early After Heart Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:2832-2841. [PMID: 28595700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a leading cause of mortality after heart transplantation (HT). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) may retard the development of CAV but have not been well studied after HT. OBJECTIVES This study tested the safety and efficacy of the ACEI ramipril on the development of CAV early after HT. METHODS In this prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 96 HT recipients were randomized to undergo ramipril or placebo therapy. They underwent coronary angiography, endothelial function testing; measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR); and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) of the left anterior descending coronary artery, within 8 weeks of HT. At 1 year, the invasive assessment was repeated. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were quantified at baseline and 1 year. RESULTS Plaque volumes at 1 year were similar between the ramipril and placebo groups (162.1 ± 70.5 mm3 vs. 177.3 ± 94.3 mm3, respectively; p = 0.73). Patients receiving ramipril had improvement in microvascular function as shown by a significant decrease in IMR (21.4 ± 14.7 to 14.4 ± 6.3; p = 0.001) and increase in CFR (3.8 ± 1.7 to 4.8 ± 1.5; p = 0.017), from baseline to 1 year. This did not occur with IMR (17.4 ± 8.4 to 21.5 ± 20.0; p = 0.72) or CFR (4.1 ± 1.8 to 4.1 ± 2.2; p = 0.60) in the placebo-treated patients. EPCs decreased significantly at 1 year in the placebo group but not in the ramipril group. CONCLUSIONS Ramipril does not slow development of epicardial plaque volume but does stabilize levels of endothelial progenitor cells and improve microvascular function, which have been associated with improved long-term survival after HT. (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme [ACE] Inhibition and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy; NCT01078363).
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Fearon
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California; Cardiology Section, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
| | - Kozo Okada
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jon A Kobashigawa
- Advanced Heart Disease Section, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuhei Kobayashi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Helen Luikart
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sean Sana
- Advanced Heart Disease Section, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tiffany Daun
- Advanced Heart Disease Section, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven A Chmura
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Seema Sinha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Garett Cohen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yasuhiro Honda
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael Pham
- Cardiology Section, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - David B Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alan C Yeung
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hannah A Valantine
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kiran Khush
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California
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Park S, Arumugam P, Purushothaman B, Kim SY, Min DH, Jeon NL, Song JM. Quantum-dot nanoprobes and AOTF based cross talk eliminated six color imaging of biomolecules in cellular system. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:166-174. [PMID: 28864187 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell cultures mimic the physiology and genetic makeup of in-vivo tissue of origin, nonetheless, a complication in the derivation and propagation of primary cell culture limits its use in biological research. However, in-vitro models using primary cells might be a complement model to mimic in vivo response. But, conventional techniques such as western blot and PCR employed to study the expression and activation of proteins requires a large number of cells, hence repeated establishment and maintenance of primary culture are unavoidable. Quantum dot (Q-dot) and acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) based multiplex imaging system is a viable alternative choice to evaluate multiple signaling molecules by using a small number of cells. Q-dots have broad excitation and narrow emission spectra, which allows to simultaneously excite multiple Q-dots by using single excitation wavelength. The use of AOTF in the fluorescence detection system enables to scan the fluorescence emission intensity of a Q-dot at their central wavelength, this phenomenon effectively avoids spectral overlap among the neighboring Q-dots. When Q-dots are conjugated with antibodies it acts as effective sensing probes. To validate this, the expression pattern of p-JNK-1, p-GSK3β, p-IRS1ser, p-IRS1tyr, p-FOXO1, and PPAR-γ, involved in the insulin resistance were concurrently monitored in adipocyte and HepG2 co-cell culture model. The observed results clearly indicate that PPAR-γ is the critical component in the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, the results proved that developed Q-dot based AOTF imaging methodology is a sensible choice to concurrently monitor multiple signaling molecules with limited cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | | | | | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Progenitor Cells for Arterial Repair: Incremental Advancements towards Therapeutic Reality. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8270498. [PMID: 28232850 PMCID: PMC5292398 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8270498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary revascularization remains the standard treatment for obstructive coronary artery disease and can be accomplished by either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Considerable advances have rendered PCI the most common form of revascularization and improved clinical outcomes. However, numerous challenges to modern PCI remain, namely, in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis, underscoring the importance of understanding the vessel wall response to injury to identify targets for intervention. Among recent promising discoveries, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have garnered considerable interest given an increasing appreciation of their role in vascular homeostasis and their ability to promote vascular repair after stent placement. Circulating EPC numbers have been inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk, while administration of EPCs in humans has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes. Despite these encouraging results, however, advancing EPCs as a therapeutic modality has been hampered by a fundamental roadblock: what constitutes an EPC? We review current definitions and sources of EPCs as well as the proposed mechanisms of EPC-mediated vascular repair. Additionally, we discuss the current state of EPCs as therapeutic agents, focusing on endogenous augmentation and transplantation.
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Reduced insulin secretion function is associated with pancreatic islet redistribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) in diabetic mice after prolonged high-fat diet. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:13-31. [PMID: 27020567 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular junctions play a role in regulating islet cytoarchitecture, insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In this study, we investigated the animal metabolic state as well as islet histology and cellular distribution/expression of CAMs and F-actin in the endocrine pancreas of C57BL/6/JUnib mice fed a high-fat diet (HFd) for a prolonged time period (8 months). Mice fed a HFd became obese and type 2 diabetic, displaying significant peripheral insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and moderate hyperinsulinemia. Isolated islets of HFd-fed mice displayed a significant impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion associated with a diminished frequency of intracellular calcium oscillations compared with control islets. No marked change in islet morphology and cytoarchitecture was observed; however, HFd-fed mice showed higher beta cell relative area in comparison with controls. As shown by immunohistochemistry, ZO-1, E-, N-cadherins, α- and β-catenins were expressed at the intercellular contact site of endocrine cells, while VE-cadherin, as well as ZO-1, was found at islet vascular compartment. Redistribution of N-, E-cadherins and α-catenin (from the contact region to the cytoplasm in endocrine cells) associated with increased submembranous F-actin cell level as well as increased VE-cadherin islet immunolabeling was observed in diabetic mice. Increased gene expression of VE-cadherin and ZO-1, but no change for the other proteins, was observed in islets of diabetic mice. Only in the case of VE-cadherin, a significant increase in islet content of this CAM was detected by immunoblotting in diabetic mice. In conclusion, CAMs are expressed by endocrine and endothelial cells of pancreatic islets. The distribution/expression of N-, E- and VE-cadherins as well as α-catenin and F-actin is significantly altered in islet cells of obese and diabetic mice.
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Quantum dot nanoprobe-based high-content monitoring of notch pathway inhibition of breast cancer stem cell by capsaicin. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:376-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ran QS, Yu YH, Fu XH, Wen YC. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes neurovascular repair after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1258-64. [PMID: 26487853 PMCID: PMC4590238 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in angiogenesis and endothelial cell formation, but it remains unclear whether it is involved in vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells after traumatic brain injury. Therefore, in the present study, we controlled the Notch signaling pathway using overexpression and knockdown constructs. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway by Notch1 or Jagged1 overexpression enhanced the migration, invasiveness and angiogenic ability of endothelial progenitor cells. Suppression of the Notch signaling pathway with Notch1 or Jagged1 siRNAs reduced the migratory capacity, invasiveness and angiogenic ability of endothelial progenitor cells. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway in vivo in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury promoted neurovascular repair. These findings suggest that the activation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes blood vessel formation and tissue repair after brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shan Ran
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun-Hu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of ZunYi/the Third Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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