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Dupre RA, Smith B, Lloyd SW, Trushenski J. Improved Quantification of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Farmed Fish Using Stable Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6735-6743. [PMID: 38533988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A requisite to improving the taste and odor attributes of farmed fish is the availability of accurate and practical analytical methods to quantify 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) enables reliable measurement of nanogram per liter quantities of MIB and GSM in water. In contrast, direct headspace (HS)-SPME of biological matrices with variable proximate compositions can increase bias and uncertainty in off-flavor determinations. Analytical recovery plays a crucial role in the accurate determination of MIB and GSM in fish, and this study investigates strategies to maximize and account for this recovery factor. MIB and GSM values in off-flavor catfish and trout were measured using direct HS-SPME and distillation as sample preparation techniques. Trout samples prepared by distillation yielded 10-fold higher GSM recoveries than those from direct HS-SPME (31% versus 3%). A stable isotope dilution method (SIDM) was implemented by routinely spiking samples with known quantities of deuterium-labeled MIB and GSM, allowing for the correction of sample-to-sample recovery deviations. SIDM-determined GSM values generated recoveries of 106 and 95% for direct HS-SPME and distilled trout, respectively. Aspects of the strategies and techniques presented can be incorporated into existing analytical methods to improve the accuracy and sample throughput. Particularly, routine inclusion of SIDM in the evaluation of MIB and GSM can facilitate identification of reliable practices to control off-flavors in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Adams Dupre
- Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1100 Allen Toussaint Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-0117, United States
| | - Brennan Smith
- Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1100 Allen Toussaint Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Steven W Lloyd
- Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1100 Allen Toussaint Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Jesse Trushenski
- Riverence Holdings, LLC, 604 West Franklin Street, Boise, Idaho 83702, United States
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2
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Malvestio C, Onor M, Bramanti E, Pagliano E, Campanella B. Determination of methionine and selenomethionine in food matrices by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after aqueous derivatization with triethyloxonium salts. Food Chem 2024; 433:137341. [PMID: 37660603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel analytical method for the simultaneous gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination of methionine and selenomethionine in food samples is described. Samples were digested with methanesulfonic acid in a closed vessel without the need for reflux. A single step derivatization using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate was optimized for the conversion of the analytes into their ethyl derivatives, followed by their extraction with hexane and GC-MS analysis.. This derivatization approach was simpler and/or safer with respect to current methods based on alkyl chloroformate or silylating reagents and it yielded very clean chromatography. A design of experiment approach, based on an open source chemometric software, was used to optimize the experimental conditions. When analysis of a 1 mL volume of aqueous standard was performed, detection limits of 1 ng/g methionine and 10 ng/g for selenomethionine were obtained. The method was validated by analysis of a selenized yeast Certified Reference Material NRC SELM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Malvestio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Bates J, Bahadoor A, Tittlemier SA, Melanson JE. Comparison of calibration strategies for accurate quantitation by isotope dilution mass spectrometry: a case study of ochratoxin A in flour. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:487-496. [PMID: 38047937 PMCID: PMC10761375 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of low-level organic contaminants in complex matrices is essential for monitoring global food safety. However, balancing sample throughput with complex experimental designs and/or sample clean-up to best reduce matrix effects is a constant challenge. Multiple strategies exist to mitigate these effects, with internal standard-based methods such as isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) being the most advantageous. Here, multiple internal calibration strategies were investigated for the quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wheat samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Internal standard-based quantitation methods such as single (ID1MS), double (ID2MS), and quintuple (ID5MS) isotope dilution mass spectrometry, as well as external standard calibration, were explored and compared. A certified reference material (CRM) of OTA in flour, MYCO-1, was used to evaluate the accuracy of each method. External calibration generated results 18-38% lower than the certified value for MYCO-1, largely due to matrix suppression effects. Concurrently, consistently lower OTA mass fractions were obtained for the wheat samples upon quantitation by external calibration as opposed to ID1MS, ID2MS, and ID5MS. All isotope dilution methods produced results that fell within the expected range for MYCO-1 (3.17-4.93 µg/kg), validating their accuracy. However, an average 6% decrease in the OTA mass fraction was observed from results obtained by ID1MS compared to those by ID2MS and ID5MS. Upon scrutiny, these differences were attributed to an isotopic enrichment bias in the isotopically labelled internal standard [13C6]-OTA that was used for ID1MS, the OTAL-1 CRM. The advantages and limitations of each isotopic method are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bates
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Adilah Bahadoor
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sheryl A Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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4
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Wright EJ, Meija J, McCarron P, Miles CO. Preparation of 18O-labelled azaspiracids for accurate quantitation using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5973-5983. [PMID: 37530793 PMCID: PMC10556123 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a group of polyether marine algal toxins known to accumulate in shellfish, posing a risk to human health and the seafood industry. Analysis of AZAs is typically performed using LC-MS, which can suffer from matrix effects that significantly impact the accuracy of measurement results. While the use of isotopic internal standards is an effective approach to correct for these effects, isotopically labelled standards for AZAs are not currently available. In this study, 18O-labelled AZA1, AZA2, and AZA3 were prepared by reaction with H218O under acidic conditions, and the reaction kinetics and sites of incorporation were studied using LC-HRMS/MS aided by mathematical analysis of their isotope patterns. Analysis of the isotopic incorporation in AZA1 and AZA3 indicated the presence of four exchangeable oxygen atoms. Excessive isomerization occurred during preparation of 18O-labelled AZA2, suggesting a role for the 8-methyl group in the thermodynamic stability of AZAs. Neutralized mixtures of 18O-labelled AZA1 and AZA3 were found to maintain their isotopic and isomeric integrities when stored at -20 °C and were used to develop an isotope-dilution LC-MS method which was applied to reference materials of shellfish matrices containing AZAs, demonstrating high accuracy and excellent reproducibility. Preparation of isotopically labelled compounds using the isotopic exchange method, combined with the kinetic analysis, offers a feasible way to obtain isotopically labelled internal standards for a wide variety of biomolecules to support reliable quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J. Wright
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher O. Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1 Canada
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Li X, Ji Y, Zu T, Huang X, Wang J, Cao Y, Cui Z. Simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in milk by GC-MS/MS using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as both phase transfer catalyst and protein precipitant. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:1025-1034. [PMID: 37410937 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2227742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed for simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in milk by gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Cyanide and thiocyanate were derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) as PFB-CN and PFB-SCN, respectively. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was employed both as a phase transfer catalyst and a protein precipitant in the sample pretreatment, which facilitates the separation of the organic and aqueous phases, and greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures to achieve simultaneous and rapid determination of cyanide and thiocyanate. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of cyanide and thiocyanate in milk were 0.006 mg/kg and 0.015 mg/kg, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 90.1% to 98.2% and from 91.8% to 98.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 18.9% and 15.2%, respectively. The proposed method was validated as a simple, fast and highly sensitive method for the determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
- Imported Science and Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongyan Ji
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tiehong Zu
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhe Huang
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhong Cao
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Zongyan Cui
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
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6
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Solution to bisphenol A measurement challenge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:743-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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7
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Using targeted metabolomics to elucidate the indole auxin network in plants. Methods Enzymol 2022; 676:239-278. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Accurate Determination, Matrix Effect Estimation, and Uncertainty Evaluation of Three Sulfonamides in Milk by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3910253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most commonly used method for sulfonamide determination. Its accuracy, however, can be affected by many factors. In this study, sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfadimidine (SMZ), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in milk were selected to investigate an accurate determination method and the potential influencing factors in the use of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Milk samples were extracted by 25 mL perchloric acid solution (pH = 2) and cleaned up using HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Four kinds of filters, including PTFE, GHP, nylon, and glass fiber, were compared, and PTFE was selected since it had the best recoveries of target sulfonamides (SAs). Three quantitative methods, including external standard (ES), matrix matching (MM), and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), were compared, among which IDMS exhibited the best accuracy. The matrix effect under different mobile phase compositions and of different sample matrices were evaluated and discussed. Ion suppression effects were observed during the determination of all SAs, which got stronger with the increase of the methanol composition percent in the mobile phase. After correction by IDMS, the matrix effect could be neglected. Matrix spiked recoveries at three spiked levels (1 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg, and 20 μg/kg) ranged from 96.8% to 103.8% by IDMS. The expanded relative uncertainties were in the range of 2.02% to 5.75%. The method exhibited wide application range, high accuracy, good stability, and high sensitivity.
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9
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Pagliano E. Bisphenol A measurement challenge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4105-4107. [PMID: 34164703 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Bordash MG, Pagliano E, LeBlanc KL, Kumkrong P, Wallschläger D, Mester Z. Determination of selenocyanate, selenate, and selenite in mining wastewater by GC-MS using sequential derivatization and extraction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140877. [PMID: 32726700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium speciation analysis is usually carried out using complex hyphenated analytical systems such as LC-ICP-MS. Here we present a novel selenium speciation approach based on a sequential derivatization and extraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of selenite, selenate, and selenocyanate in aqueous mine wastewater samples. Selenocyanate was derivatized with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to ethylselenocyanate, which was extracted into chloroform, following which the sample was split into two aliquots. One aliquot was acidified and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-o-phenylenediamine was used for the novel derivatization of selenite to 4,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole, for the determination of selenite. For the second aliquot, concentrated hydrochloric acid was added along with 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine to simultaneously reduce selenate to selenite and derivatize the combined "selenite + selenate" fraction to 5-nitro-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole. The benzoselenadiazoles were extracted with chloroform and all extracts were combined for GC-MS analysis. Low ng g-1 detection limits were reported for all three species. The method is unhindered by concentrations of chloride and sulphate up to 3%, as well as nitrate concentrations up to 3% for selenocyanate and selenite analysis, with minor losses in sensitivity for selenate up to 100 ppm nitrate, making the method particularly suitable for aqueous mine waste characterization. Quantitative trace selenium speciation was achieved using cost-effective materials and apparatus on a simple-to-operate benchtop instrument. The novel methodology was tested on gold mine wastewater samples; comparing to total selenium, a 63-149% recovery as the sum of species was observed. Additionally, this novel speciation approach was compared to LC-ICP-MS based selenium speciation and a reasonable agreement was found in the species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Bordash
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Master of Instrumental Chemical Analysis Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly L LeBlanc
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paramee Kumkrong
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dirk Wallschläger
- Water Quality Centre, School of the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Jaiswal D, Sengupta A, Sengupta S, Madhu S, Pakrasi HB, Wangikar PP. A Novel Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11802 has Distinct Genomic and Metabolomic Characteristics Compared to its Neighbor PCC 11801. Sci Rep 2020; 10:191. [PMID: 31932622 PMCID: PMC6957532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, are attractive hosts for biotechnological applications. It is envisaged that future biorefineries will deploy engineered cyanobacteria for the conversion of carbon dioxide to useful chemicals via light-driven, endergonic reactions. Fast-growing, genetically amenable, and stress-tolerant cyanobacteria are desirable as chassis for such applications. The recently reported strains such as Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 and PCC 11801 hold promise, but additional strains may be needed for the ongoing efforts of metabolic engineering. Here, we report a novel, fast-growing, and naturally transformable cyanobacterium, S. elongatus PCC 11802, that shares 97% genome identity with its closest neighbor S. elongatus PCC 11801. The new isolate has a doubling time of 2.8 h at 1% CO2, 1000 µmole photons.m-2.s-1 and grows faster under high CO2 and temperature compared to PCC 11801 thus making it an attractive host for outdoor cultivations and eventual applications in the biorefinery. Furthermore, S. elongatus PCC 11802 shows higher levels of key intermediate metabolites suggesting that this strain might be better suited for achieving high metabolic flux in engineered pathways. Importantly, metabolite profiles suggest that the key enzymes of the Calvin cycle are not repressed under elevated CO2 in the new isolate, unlike its closest neighbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Annesha Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swati Madhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- DBT-PAN IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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12
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Luckovitch N, Pagliano E. A reference isotope dilution headspace GC/MS method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in meat samples. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Luckovitch
- National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
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13
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A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of inorganic chloride in oil samples. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1064:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Pagliano E, Mester Z. Determination of elevated levels of nitrate in vegetable powders by high-precision isotope dilution GC–MS. Food Chem 2019; 286:710-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Pagliano E, Meija J, Campanella B, Onor M, Iammarino M, D'Amore T, Berardi G, D'Imperio M, Parente A, Mihai O, Mester Z. Certification of nitrate in spinach powder reference material SPIN-1 by high-precision isotope dilution GC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3435-3445. [PMID: 31093694 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A high-precision exact-matching quadruple isotope dilution method (ID4MS) was employed for the quantitation of nitrate in an air-dried spinach powder Certified Reference Material (CRM). The analyte was extracted in hot water following addition of 15NO[Formula: see text] internal standard. The blend was then treated with sulfamic acid to remove nitrite and with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to promote aqueous conversion of nitrate into volatile EtONO2. The derivative was analyzed by headspace GC-MS with 3-min elution time. The method performance was validated with a series of tests which demonstrated adequate selectivity and ruggedness. This method supported the development of novel SPIN-1 CRM giving a modest contribution to its uncertainty (uchar = 0.85%). With respect to previous attempts, the SPIN-1 was proven stable, homogeneous (uhom = 0.44%), and suitable for spinach monitoring under EU regulations. On dried basis, the nitrate content of SPIN-1 was found to be 22.53 ± 0.43 mg/g (Uc = 1.9%, k = 2). The material was also used in an inter-laboratory study where four laboratories employed a total of ten measurement methods. Graphical Abstract SPIN-1 Certified Reference Material for nitrate in spinach powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Iammarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa D'Amore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Berardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Imperio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Parente
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ovidiu Mihai
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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Pagliano E, Campanella B, D'Ulivo A, Mester Z. Derivatization chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions and structurally related compounds by gas chromatography - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:12-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Pagliano E, Campanella B, Shi L, Thibeault MP, Onor M, Crum S, Melanson JE, Mester Z. Determination of total dissolved nitrogen in seawater by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry following digestion with persulfate and derivatization with aqueous triethyloxonium. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:193-199. [PMID: 30076005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel approach for the determination of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in seawater combining high-precision isotope dilution GC-MS with persulfate digestion. A 2 mL sample aliquot was digested with an alkaline solution of persulfate to convert nitrogen containing compounds to nitrate. Digested samples were spiked with 15NO3- internal standard and treated with aqueous triethyloxonium to convert the analyte into volatile EtONO2. This derivative was readily separated from the matrix under gaseous form and could be sampled from the headspace before GC-MS analysis. The resulting chromatograms showed a stable flat baseline with EtONO2 as the only eluting peak (retention time 2.75 min on a DB 5.625 column). Such an approach provides specificity and obviates the shortcomings of current detection methods employed to analyze seawater samples after digestion with persulfate. In negative chemical ionization mode, the method reached a detection limit of 0.5 μmol/kg TDN (7 ng/g N) and could be applied to quantify seawater samples with 1-25 μmol/kg TDN. On the upper end of the range, quantitation could be repeated within 1%, whereas on a 6 μmol/kg TDN sample repeatability was 2.3% on eight measurements. The method was employed in two proficiency testing exercises providing results in agreement with consensus values. We investigated the impact of reagent blank and we implemented a blank-matching optimal design to account for such contribution. Finally, we performed a study on the yield of persulfate oxidation for organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds typically present in seawater. Whilst nitrite and ammonium are fully converted to nitrate, more complex organic molecules showed recoveries varying from 70% to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Shi
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibeault
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Onor
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Steven Crum
- QUASIMEME, NL-6700 EC Wageningen, Bornsesteeg 10, 6721 NG Bennekom, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Campanella B, Biancalana L, D'Ulivo L, Onor M, Bramanti E, Mester Z, Pagliano E. Determination of total cyanide in soil by isotope dilution GC/MS following pentafluorobenzyl derivatization. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 961:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Desharnais B, Camirand-Lemyre F, Mireault P, Skinner CD. Procedure for the Selection and Validation of a Calibration Model II—Theoretical Basis. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:269-276. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Le PM, Ding J, Leek DM, Mester Z, Robertson G, Windust A, Meija J. Determination of chemical purity and isotopic composition of natural and carbon-13-labeled arsenobetaine bromide standards by quantitative1H-NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7413-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Rule GS, Rockwood AL. Improving quantitative precision and throughput by reducing calibrator use in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 919:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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