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Li T, Li H, Chen J, Yu Y, Chen S, Wang J, Qiu H. Preparation and evaluation of two chiral stationary phases based on imidazolyl-functionalized bromoethoxy pillar[5]arene-bonded silica. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464799. [PMID: 38458140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Chiral pillar[5]arene-based mesoporous silica, an emerging class of chiral structure, possesses excellent characteristics such as abundant chiral active sites, encapsulated cavity and excellent chiral modification, which make them a promising candidate as new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in enantioseparation. In this study, two imidazole-containing (S)-1-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanamine and (S)-Histidinol were respectively modified to bromoethoxy pillar[5]arene-bonded silica to construct new chiral stationary phases (sPIE-BP5-Sil and sHol-BP5-Sil) for the separation and analysis of enantiomers. The separation conditions such as mobile phase composition, flow rate and temperature were optimized. Under optimal conditions, both sPIE-BP5-Sil and sHol-BP5-Sil showed good separation performance for different types of enantiomers. Interestingly, sPIE-BP5-Sil and sHol-BP5-Sil showed better enantioselectivity for chiral aromatic compounds and chiral aliphatic compounds, respectively. This enantioseparation result was closely related to the presence of additional aromatic rings and abundant hydroxyl groups in the side chains of the two chiral groups. In addition, the enantioseparation process was further studied by molecular docking simulation. Therefore, this work provided a new strategy for the preparation and application of imidazolyl-derived pillar[5]arene-based chiral stationary phases, which can be efficiently used for screening and separating enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ma M, Yang Y, Huang Z, Huang F, Li Q, Liu H. Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of covalent organic framework-based composites. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1600-1632. [PMID: 38189523 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have historically been of interest to researchers in different areas due to their distinctive characteristics, including well-ordered pores, large specific surface area, and structural tunability. In the past few years, as COF synthesis techniques developed, COF-based composites fabricated by integrating COFs and other functional materials including various kinds of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, ionic liquids, metal-organic frameworks, silica, polymers, enzymes and carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a novel kind of porous hybrid material. Herein, we first provide a thorough summary of advanced strategies for preparing COF-based composites; then, the emerging applications of COF-based composites in diverse fields due to their synergistic effects are systematically highlighted, including analytical chemistry (sensing, extraction, membrane separation, and chromatographic separation) and catalysis. Finally, the current challenges associated with future perspectives of COF-based composites are also briefly discussed to inspire the advancement of more COF-based composites with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghao Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanliang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225000, People's Republic of China.
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Deng WC, Qian HL, Yang C, Xu ST, Yan XP. General Two-Step Method for the Fabrication of Covalent-Organic Framework-Bound Open-Tubular Capillary Columns for High-Resolution Gas Chromatography Separation of Isomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54977-54985. [PMID: 37963803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising as stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC). The successful anchoring of COFs to the inner walls of the capillary with good uniformity is an important prerequisite to ensure the excellent separation performance of columns. However, current methods for the fabrication of COF-based capillary columns cannot always meet this requirement when faced with different COFs, which hampers the further development of COF-based GC stationary phases. Here, we show a general two-step method for the fabrication of COF-bound capillary column. The first step enables the formation of uniform amorphous polymer layer on the inner walls of capillary, while the second step allows the facile transformation of the amorphous polymer layer into a highly crystalline COF layer. COF-bound capillary columns with different framework structures were fabricated successfully by the developed two-step method. Impressively, the COF layers bound on the inner walls of these capillary columns showed good uniformity and high crystallinity. More importantly, as an example, the fabricated Tab-DHTA-bound capillary column showed good resolution (R > 1.5) and high column efficiency (700-39,663 plates m-1) for the tested isomers of ethylbenzene, xylene, dichlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, pinene, 1,3-dichloropropene, and propylbenzene with good precision (RSD, run-to-run, n = 5) (retention time, 0.2-0.6%; peak area, 0.5-1.1%; and peak height, 0.5-1.4%). In general, the fabricated Tab-DHTA-bound capillary column exhibited better performance for the separation isomers than commercial columns DB-5 and HP-FFAP. These results indicate that the two-step method is an efficient way to fabricate the COF-bound capillary column with excellent separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang ZH, Yang C, Liu T, Qian HL, Yan XP. Particle Size Regulation of Single-Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks for High Performance of Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8145-8149. [PMID: 37191442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although polycrystalline covalent organic frameworks (PCOFs) have already shown great potential as stationary phases for chromatography, irregular shape and size distribution of PCOFs make regulation of particle size of PCOFs for high separation performance impossible, which is accessible by the application of single-crystalline COFs (SCOFs). Herein, we showed preparation of three-dimensional SCOF (SCOF-303) bonded capillaries (SCOF-303-capillary) with different particle sizes (about 0.4-1.6 μm) and further investigated gas chromatographic separation ability of these SCOF-303-capillaries for isomers of xylene, dichlorobenzene, and pinene. It was found resolution and column efficiency of SCOF-303-capillaries for isomers decreased with the increase in particle size, mainly resulting from the weaker size-exclusion effect and higher mass transfer resistance of the larger particle size of flexible SCOF-303. The obtained SCOF-303-capillary (particle size of ∼0.4 μm) offered baseline separation of xylene isomers with the high resolution of 2.26-3.52, great efficiency of 7879 plates m-1 for p-xylene, better than PCOF-303-capillary, and commercial DB-5 and HP-FFAP capillary columns as well as many reported capillaries. This work not only shows the great potential of SCOFs for gas chromatography but also provides the theoretical direction for the design of the efficient COF based stationary phase by adjusting the particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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A monolithic composite based on zeolite-like metal-organic framework@divinylbenzene polymer separates azeotropic fluorocarbon mixture efficiently. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1694:463922. [PMID: 36931139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic monolithic columns are mainly used to separate macromolecules; however, many attempts to extend their performance toward small molecules were examined by incorporating micro- and nanoparticles. The incorporation technique enabled utilizing organic monoliths in gas chromatography (GC) for small molecules, which are still scarce. Here, we prepared a composite matrix of capillary monolithic columns of a zeolite-like metal-organic framework with a sodalite topology (sod-ZMOF) and Divinylbenzene polymer (DVB) for GC separations under 0.5 MPa. Relatively short DVB monolithic columns (18 cm long × 0.25 mm i.d.) incorporated with a tiny amount of sod-ZMOF nanoparticles (0.7 and 1.17 wt%) with an average particle size of 225 nm were successfully fabricated and used to separate linear alkanes and polar probes mixtures with increasing resolution up to 3.7 and 5.1 times, respectively, compared to a blank DVB monolithic column. A high-performance separation of linear alkanes series mixture (methane to decane) was exhibited in less than 2 min. McReynolds constants revealed that sod-ZMOF provided the composite monolith with a nonpolar character yielding a negative average polarity value smaller than the standard squalene column. An Excellent retention time of pentane and octane day-to-day reproducibility was achieved during 16 days and over more than 500 runs with RSD% of 2.25% and 3.3% using a composite monolithic column with 5 mg mL-1 sod-ZMOF (5-ZMOF@DVB). In addition, a qualitative determination of the gas mixture content of three commercially available Lighter gas cartridges was performed via the 5-ZMOF@DVB column. Finally, successfully separating an azeotropic freon mixture of difluoromethane (R-32) and pentafluoroethane (R-125) was achieved with a selectivity of up to 4.84. A further thermodynamic study related the preferential adsorption of R-125 to entropic factors rather than enthalpic while trapping inside ZMOF pores. This work sheds light on utilizing the infinite diversity of MOFs and combining their properties with high permeability and easily fabricated organic monoliths for GC separations of light molecules and gasses. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of GC as an easy and fast approach for the preliminary evaluation of the separation efficiency of porous polymers.
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A chiral porous organic polymer COP-1 used as stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation under normal-phase and reversed-phase conditions. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:360. [PMID: 36042107 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A spherical chiral porous organic polymer (POPs) COP-1 is synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of Boc-3-(4-biphenyl)-L-alanine (BBLA) and 4,4'-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (BCMBP), which was used as a novel chiral stationary phase (CSPs) for mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation. The racemic compounds were resolved in normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) using n-hexane/isopropanol as mobile phase and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) using methanol/water as mobile phase. The COP-1-packed column exhibited excellent separation performance toward various racemic compounds including alcohols, amines, ketones, esters, epoxy compounds, organic acids, and amino acids in NPLC and RPLC modes. The effects of analyte mass and column temperature on the separation efficiency of racemic compounds were investigated. In addition, the chiral resolution ability of the COP-1-packed column not only can be complementary in RPLC/NPLC modes but also exhibit a good chiral recognition complementarity with Chiralpak AD-H column and chiral porous organic cage (POC) NC1-R column. The relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 5) of the retention time, resolution value, and peak area by repeated separation of 1-(4-chiorophenyl)ethanol are all below 3.0%. The COP-1 column shows high column efficiency (e.g., 17,320 plates m-1 for 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol on COP-1 column in NPLC), high enantioselectivity, and good reproducibility toward various racemates. This work demonstrates that chiral POPs microspheres are promising chiral materials for HPLC enantioseparation.
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7
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Li K, Xiong LX, Wang Y, Zhang YP, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Preparation and evaluation of a chiral porous organic cage based chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation in high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463415. [PMID: 35977455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a new kind of porous molecular materials, which have gained widespread interest in many fields due to their intriguing properties, including excellent molecular solubility, inherent molecular cavity and rich host-guest chemistry. To date, many chiral POCs have been explored as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for gas chromatographic (GC) separation of enantiomers. However, the applications of chiral POCs for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantiomeric separation is extremely rare. In this study, we report the construction of thiol-ene click reaction for the preparation of CSP for HPLC by using a [4+8]-type chiral POC NC4-R as chiral selector. The fabricated CSP showed good chiral resolution performance not only in normal-phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) but also in reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Seventeen and ten racemates were well resolved in the two separation modes, respectively, including ketones, esters, alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, organic acids, and amino acids. Moreover, the fabricated column also shows good chiral recognition complementarity to two popular chiral HPLC columns (Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H columns) and previously reported chiral POC NC1-R-based HPLC column, which can resolve some racemates that unable to be resolved by the two commercially available chiral HPLC columns and NC1-R-based column. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values (n = 4) of retention time and resolution (Rs) of analytes separated on the column were less than 0.3 % and 0.5 % after it was subjected to different injections, showing the good reproducibility and stability of the NC4-R-based column. This work demonstrated high potentials of chiral POCs for HPLC enantioseparation and the applicability of chiral POC-based HPLC columns can be broadened by developing more chiral POCs with diverse structures as chiral selector for HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xiao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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Rasheed T, Khan S, Ahmad T, Ullah N. Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Membranes as Promising Modalities from Preparation to Separation Applications: An Overview. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200062. [PMID: 35641392 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of porous crystalline materials made up of covalently connected and periodically protracted network topologies through organic linkers. The tailorability of organic linker and intrinsic structures endow COFs with a tunable porosity and structure, low density, facilely-tailored functionality, and large surface area, attracting increasing amount of interests in variety of research areas of membrane separations. COF-based membranes have spawned a slew of new research projects, ranging from fabrication methodologies to separation applications. Herein, we tried to emphasis the major developments in the synthetic approaches of COFs based membranes for a variety of separation applications such as, separation of gaseous mixtures, water treatment as well as separation of isomeric and chiral organic compounds. The proposed methods for fabricating COF-based continuous membranes and columns for real world applications are also thoroughly explored. Finally, a viewpoint on the future directions and remaining challenges for COF research in the area of separation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqir Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Post-modification of covalent organic framework for gas chromatographic separation of isomers. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zheng Q, Huang J, He Y, Huang H, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Lin Z. Single-Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks as High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Stationary Phases for Positional Isomer Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9754-9762. [PMID: 34990552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vigorously developing new stationary phases to meet the requirements for the separation of positional isomers that have similar physicochemical properties is still an urgent topic in separation science. Herein, a single-crystalline covalent organic framework (COF-300) packed column for the separation of positional isomers in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was reported for the first time. Benefitting from its regular shape, excellent chemical and thermal stability, microporous feature, and strong hydrophobicity of single-crystalline COF-300, the single-crystalline COF-300-packed column showed excellent resolution for the separation of positional isomers, including nitroaniline, dichlorobenzene, dibromobenzene, diiodobenzene, diethylbenzene, chloronitrobenzene, bromonitrobenzene, and iodonitrobenzene isomers, which cannot be all separated on commercial columns and a polycrystalline COF-300-packed column. Especially, the resolution values for m-/p-diiodobenzene and o-/m-diiodobenzene were 4.45 and 2.53. Moreover, the alkylbenzene, monosubstituted aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the mixture of ethylbenzene and styrene were also baseline separated on the single-crystalline COF-300-packed column. This successful application not only confirmed the great potential of single-crystalline COFs in HPLC separation of positional isomers but also pioneered the utilization of single-crystalline COFs in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yanting He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yin Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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Qian HL, Wang ZH, Yang J, Yan XP. Building-block exchange synthesis of amino-based three-dimensional covalent organic framework for gas chromatographic separation of isomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8133-8136. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermally stable three-dimensional covalent organic framework (3D COFs) with rich pore of channels and cages are promising as stationary phase for gas chromatography (GC), which has not been explored....
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12
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Kujawa J, Al-Gharabli S, Muzioł TM, Knozowska K, Li G, Dumée LF, Kujawski W. Crystalline porous frameworks as nano-enhancers for membrane liquid separation – Recent developments. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Li HX, Xie TP, Xie SM, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Enantiomeric Separation on a Homochiral Porous Organic Cage-Based Chiral Stationary Phase by Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Li HX, Xie TP, Yan KQ, Xie SM, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage for gas chromatographic separations. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:269. [PMID: 32291536 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage (POC) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), MALDI-TOF-MS, and elemental analysis. The synthesized homochiral POC was used as stationary phase to prepare a capillary gas chromatography (GC) column by a static coating method. The fabricated column shows excellent selectivity not only for the separation of positional isomers but also for the resolution of various racemates. Thirty-nine racemates have been resolved on the column, including alcohols, diols, halohydrocarbons, epoxides, esters, lactones, ketones, ethers, and organic acids. Compared to the commercial β-DEX 120 column and previously reported chiral POCs (CC3-R, CC9, and CC10)-coated columns, there are 11, 10, 24, and 15 tested racemates that cannot be resolved on β-DEX 120 column, CC3-R column, CC9 column, and CC10 column, respectively. This reveals that the fabricated column has prominent complementarity or superior separation performance to these columns in enantioseparation. Besides, the fabricated column can achieve some enantioseparations which are not possible using all previously reported chiral POC-based columns. Some positional isomers (xylenes, dichlorobenzenes, dibromobenzenes, nitrochlorobenzenes, and nitrobromobenzenes) were also separated with high-resolution values. The column exhibits good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of retention times were 0.03-0.18%, 0.11-0.92%, and 2.1-6.6% for run-to-run (n = 5), day-to-day (n = 5), and column-to-column (n = 3), respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the great potential of POCs for practical application in GC. Graphical Abstract A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage was used as stationary phase for gas chromatography separation of racemates and positional isomers. The resolution of racemates mainly depended on hydrogen bonding, π-interaction, host-guest inclusion, steric fit, etc., while separation of positional isomers by shape-selective guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Peng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qian Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Ma S. Covalent organic frameworks for separation applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:708-735. [PMID: 31993598 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with highly tuneable structures and functionalities. COFs have been proposed as ideal materials for applications in the energy-intensive field of molecular separation due to their notable intrinsic features such as low density, exceptional stability, high surface area, and readily adjustable pore size and chemical environment. This review attempts to highlight the key advancements made in the synthesis of COFs for diverse separation applications such as water treatment or the separation of gas mixtures and organic molecules, including chiral and isomeric compounds. Methods proposed for the fabrication of COF-based columns and continuous membranes for practical applications are also discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for COF research in the field of separation has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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16
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He M, Ou X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Li D, Chen B, Hu B. Porous organic frameworks-based (micro)extraction. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Shi T, Qi M, Huang X. High-resolution performance of triptycene functionalized with polycaprolactones for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460714. [PMID: 31761436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly selective stationary phases is essential to address the issues for separation of analytes with similar properties and various components in complex samples. Herein, we report a new triptycene-based material functionalized with polycaprolactone moieties (TP-PCL) as the stationary phase with high-resolution performance for gas chromatography (GC). The TP-PCL capillary column exhibited column efficiency of 5555 plates/m and moderate polarity. On the column, dozens of mixtures of positional and structural isomers can be well resolved, involving benzene derivatives with varying substituents (alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxyl, amino), naphthalene derivatives, alkanes and alcohols. It exhibits advantageous performance for high resolution of the critical pairs of alkylbenzenes, phenols, anilines and alkanes over the PCL column and commercial DB-35 MS column with similar polarity. Moreover, the TP-PCL column showed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with RSD values of 0.02%-0.07% for run-to-run (n = 4), 0.11%-0.18% for day-to-day (n = 4) and 2.1%-4.7% for column-to-column (n = 4). In addition, it exhibited distinctly enhanced thermal stability in contrast to the PCL column. Its application to analysis of the essential oil from Artemisiae argyi proves its good potential for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuebin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Xiong X, Qi M. Adenine-functionalized polypropylene glycol: A novel stationary phase for gas chromatography offering good inertness for acids and bases combined with a unique selectivity. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1612:460627. [PMID: 31668867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of utilizing adenine-functionalized polypropylene glycol (APPG) for capillary gas chromatographic separations. The statically coated APPG column (0.25 mm i.d.) showed moderate polarity and high column efficiencies of 4660 plates/m and 4376 plates/m determined by n-octanol and naphthalene, respectively. Remarkably, the APPG column baseline resolved all the components of the Grob test mixture and displayed good peak shapes for some stringent analytes that are prone to peak tailing or severe adsorption. Also, it achieved complete separation of dimethylaniline isomers, which are difficult to be resolved due to their high resemblance in structures and properties. The above results demonstrate the high selectivity and inertness of the APPG column and its distinct advantages over the polypropylene glycol (PPG) column and commercial polyethylene glycol (PEG) column. In addition, its separation performance has good repeatability with the RSD values on retention times below 0.05% for run-to-run, 0.11-0.12% for day-to-day and 1.7-1.9% for column-to-column, respectively. Further, the APPG column was applied to determination of isomer impurities in commercial dimethylaniline products and to determination of the additives of anilines and phenols in a hair-dye product, proving its great potential for practical GC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Yu L, He J, Qi M, Huang X. Amphiphilic triptycene-based stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic separations. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1599:239-246. [PMID: 31005291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a new type of triptycene-based amphiphilic stationary phase (TP-2IL) for gas chromatography (GC). It is an integration of the 3D π-rich triptycene framework with ionic liquids. Its capillary column showed the efficiency of 3880 plates/m determined by n-dodecane at 120 °C (k = 2.79) and exhibited good performance for analytes from apolar to polar nature. Particularly, it has outstanding capability for resolving critical pairs of anilines and phenols with good peak shapes and shows distinct advantages over its composing counterparts (TP-2BO and O-IL) and widely-used commercial columns, namely 35% phenyl methyl polysiloxane (DB-35) and polyethylene glycol (INNOWAX). Moreover, the TP-2IL column exhibited good repeatability and reproducibility with the values of relative standard deviation in the range of 0.02%-0.07% for run-to-run, 0.10%-0.35% for day-to-day and 2.9%-5.1% for column-to-column, respectively, and good thermal stability up to 300 °C. Furthermore, its applications for determining isomer impurities in real samples demonstrate its feasibility for practical GC analysis. This work presents a facile strategy for constructing triptycene-based stationary phases with amphiphilic selectivity and provides alternatives of highly selective stationary phases for chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuebin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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20
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Huang X, Lan H, Yan Y, Chen G, He Z, Zhang K, Cai S, Zheng S, Fan J, Zhang W. Fabrication of a hydrazone‐linked covalent organic framework‐bound capillary column for gas chromatography separation. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ling Huang
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Hang Lan
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Lun Yan
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gui Chen
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Hao He
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Song‐Liang Cai
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Run Zheng
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Guang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouth China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
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21
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Chen J, Huang Y, Wei X, Lei X, Zhao L, Guan M, Qiu H. Covalent organic nanospheres: facile preparation and application in high-resolution gas chromatographic separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10908-10911. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile and rapid room-temperature solution-phase strategy was used to fabricate covalent organic nanospheres with uniform morphology and outstanding thermal/solvent stability for GC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yanni Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xin Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xiaoqiang Lei
- Lanzhou Donglilong Information Technology Co., Ltd
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Liang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Ming Guan
- Laboratory on Pollution Monitoring and Control
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang Normal University
- Urumqi 830054
- China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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22
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Abstract
The resolution of chiral compounds into optically pure enantiomers is very important in various fields, such as pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural, and food industries. Chiral gas chromatography (GC) is one of the efficient methods for enantioseparations of volatile compounds. In recent years, porous materials as stationary phases for chromatographic separations have achieved increasing attention. Porous organic cages (POCs) represent an emerging class of porous materials, which are assembled by discrete organic molecules with shape-persistent and permanent cavities through weak intermolecular forces. This chapter describes several chiral POCs as chiral stationary phases for GC enantioseparations of racemic compounds.
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23
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Wu J, Xu F, Li S, Ma P, Zhang X, Liu Q, Fu R, Wu D. Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task-Specific Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802922. [PMID: 30345562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development of science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all-organic components, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components, have attracted an increasing level of research interest in a large number of applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, and health. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields thanks to the unique pore structures and versatile skeletons of porous polymers. Here, recent milestones in the diverse applications of porous polymers are presented, with an emphasis on the structural requirements or parameters that dominate their properties and functionalities. The Review covers the following applications: i) gas adsorption, ii) water treatment, iii) separation, iv) heterogeneous catalysis, v) electrochemical energy storage, vi) precursors for porous carbons, and vii) other applications (e.g., intelligent temperature control textiles, sensing, proton conduction, biomedicine, optoelectronics, and actuators). The key requirements for each application are discussed and an in-depth understanding of the structure-property relationships of these advanced materials is provided. Finally, a perspective on the future research directions and challenges in this field is presented for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlun Wu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shimei Li
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Ma
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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24
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Gao T, Wang J, Hao L, Yang X, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. A magnetic knitting aromatic polymer as a new sorbent for use in solid-phase extraction of organics. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:554. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Hao L, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Phosphorous-enriched knitting aryl network polymer for the rapid and effective adsorption of aromatic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1575:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Tan L, Tan B. Hypercrosslinked porous polymer materials: design, synthesis, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:3322-3356. [PMID: 28224148 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00851h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are a series of permanent microporous polymer materials initially reported by Davankov, and have received an increasing level of research interest. In recent years, HCPs have experienced rapid growth due to their remarkable advantages such as diverse synthetic methods, easy functionalization, high surface area, low cost reagents and mild operating conditions. Judicious selection of monomers, appropriate length crosslinkers and optimized reaction conditions yielded a well-developed polymer framework with an adjusted porous topology. Post fabrication of the as developed network facilitates the incorporation of various chemical functionalities that may lead to interesting properties and enhance the selection toward a specific application. To date, numerous HCPs have been prepared by post-crosslinking polystyrene-based precursors, one-step self-polycondensation or external crosslinking strategies. The advent of these methodologies has prompted researchers to construct well-defined porous polymer networks with customized micromorphology and functionalities. In this review, we describe not only the basic synthetic principles and strategies of HCPs, but also the advancements in the structural and morphological study as well as the frontiers of potential applications in energy and environmental fields such as gas storage, carbon capture, removal of pollutants, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, sensing etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiao Tan
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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27
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Capillary electrochromatography using knitted aromatic polymer as the stationary phase for the separation of small biomolecules and drugs. Talanta 2018; 178:650-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Zhang JH, Xie SM, Wang BJ, He PG, Yuan LM. A homochiral porous organic cage with large cavity and pore windows for the efficient gas chromatography separation of enantiomers and positional isomers. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1385-1394. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Pin-Gang He
- Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
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29
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Chen M, Zhu G, Wang S, Jiang K, Xu J, Liu J, Jiang J. Simultaneous determination of isomeric substituted anilines by imidization with benzaldehyde and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:440-448. [PMID: 29083534 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chromatographic separation of several isomeric anilines is a challenging issue. Herein, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of four groups of isomeric primary aromatic amines, including chloroanilines, methylanilines, methoxylanilines, and dimethylanilines, was presented. In this method, all of the 15 primary aromatic amines were easily transformed into the corresponding imine derivative by treatment with benzaldehyde under mild conditions. The formed isomeric imine derivatives were completely separated on a commercial capillary gas chromatography column. The effects of several derivatization parameters were investigated and optimized. Linearity in the optimized method ranged from 0.050 to 50 μg/mL with the squared correlation coefficients (R2 ) between 0.9981 and 0.9999. Reasonable reproducibility was obtained, with the intraday relative standard deviation (N = 5) ranging from 0.89 to 4.57% and interday relative standard deviation ranging from 2.26 to 7.69% at the concentration of 5.0 μg/mL. The developed method has been successfully applied to determine these isomeric aromatic amines in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Yang Y, Bai P, Guo X. Separation of Xylene Isomers: A Review of Recent Advances in Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry
of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry
of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xianghai Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry
of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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31
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Castaldo R, Gentile G, Avella M, Carfagna C, Ambrogi V. Microporous Hyper-Crosslinked Polystyrenes and Nanocomposites with High Adsorption Properties: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120651. [PMID: 30965952 PMCID: PMC6418941 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-crosslinked (HCL) polystyrenes show outstanding properties, such as high specific surface area and adsorption capability. Several researches have been recently focused on tailoring their performance for specific applications, such as gas adsorption and separation, energy storage, air and water purification processes, and catalysis. In this review, main strategies for the realization of HCL polystyrene-based materials with advanced properties are reported, including a summary of the synthetic routes that are adopted for their realization and the chemical modification approaches that are used to impart them specific functionalities. Moreover, the most up to date results on the synthesis of HCL polystyrene-based nanocomposites that are realized by embedding these high surface area polymers with metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanofillers are discussed in detail, underlining the high potential applicability of these systems in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Avella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Carfagna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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32
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zeng M, Kurmoo M. Fabrication of a capillary column coated with the four-fold-interpenetrated MOF Cd(D-Cam)(tmdpy) for gas chromatographic separation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Wang H, Qin Z, Liu Y, Li X, Liu J, Liu Y, Huang D, Di D. Design and preparation of porous polymer particles with polydopamine coating and selective enrichment for biomolecules. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08175h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore size distribution of novel gigaporous polymer particles were visualized characterization by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and this gigaporous materials had preferable selective enrichment performance for biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Zihao Qin
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Sichuan University
| | - Yi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Xiaoting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Dongdong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
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34
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Liu Z, Ou J, Wang H, You X, Ye M. Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazide-Linked and Amide-Linked Organic Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32060-32067. [PMID: 27809468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Four kinds of either hydrazide-linked or amide-linked polymers were facilely synthesized by using hydrazine, tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane (TAPM), terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as building blocks. The morphology, porosity, composition, and surface property of polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement, 13C/CP-MAS NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The results indicated that building blocks had important effects on morphology and porosity. Poly(TMC-TAPM) synthesized with TMC and TAPM showed the highest surface area of 241.9 m2 g-1. In addition, note that a hollow structure with ∼20 nm wall thickness was formed in poly(TMC-hydrazine) prepared with TMC and hydrazine. Further study indicated that both carboxyl groups (-COOH) and hydrazide groups (-CONH-NH2) existed on the surface of poly(TMC-hydrazine), besides the mainly hydrazide linkage (-CONH-NHOC-). Taking advantages of good hydrophilicity and special functional groups on the surface, we finally adopted poly(TMC-hydrazine) to enrich glycopeptides from tryptic digest via both hydrophilic interaction chromatography method with identification of 369 unique N-glycosylation sites and hydrazide chemistry method with identification of 88 unique N-glycosylation sites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin You
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Liang G, Ren F, Gao H, Wu Q, Zhu F, Tang BZ. Bioinspired Fluorescent Nanosheets for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Organic Pollutants in Water. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liang
- PCFM
and GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Feng Ren
- PCFM
and GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- PCFM
and GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qing Wu
- PCFM
and GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fangming Zhu
- PCFM
and GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Division of Biomedical
Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Molecular, Neuroscience and Institute
of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Zhang X, Lv YZ, Liu XL, Du GJ, Yan SH, Liu J, Zhao Z. A hydroxyl-functionalized microporous organic polymer for capture and catalytic conversion of CO2. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10780j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel hydroxyl-functionalized microporous organic polymer (HF-MOP) exhibited good CO2 capture performance and excellent catalytic activity in cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yan-Zong Lv
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
| | - Guo-Jing Du
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shi-Hao Yan
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- College of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing
- China
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