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Su Y, Xia C, Zhang H, Gan W, Zhang GQ, Yang Z, Li D. Emerging biosensor probes for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) detection. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:300. [PMID: 38709399 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), originating from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of βVal1 residues in hemoglobin (Hb), is an essential biomarker indicating average blood glucose levels over a period of 2 to 3 months without external environmental disturbances, thereby serving as the gold standard in the management of diabetes instead of blood glucose testing. The emergence of HbA1c biosensors presents affordable, readily available options for glycemic monitoring, offering significant benefits to small-scale laboratories and clinics. Utilizing nanomaterials coupled with high-specificity probes as integral components for recognition, labeling, and signal transduction, these sensors demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in HbA1c detection. This review mainly focuses on the emerging probes and strategies integral to HbA1c sensor development. We discussed the advantages and limitations of various probes in sensor construction as well as recent advances in diverse sensing strategies for HbA1c measurement and their potential clinical applications, highlighting the critical gaps in current technologies and future needs in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengen Xia
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yang
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of DrugTargeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Mandali PK, Prabakaran A, Annadurai K, Krishnan UM. Trends in Quantification of HbA1c Using Electrochemical and Point-of-Care Analyzers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1901. [PMID: 36850502 PMCID: PMC9965793 DOI: 10.3390/s23041901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), one of the many variants of hemoglobin (Hb), serves as a standard biomarker of diabetes, as it assesses the long-term glycemic status of the individual for the previous 90-120 days. HbA1c levels in blood are stable and do not fluctuate when compared to the random blood glucose levels. The normal level of HbA1c is 4-6.0%, while concentrations > 6.5% denote diabetes. Conventionally, HbA1c is measured using techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, fluorometry, etc., that are time-consuming, expensive, and involve complex procedures and skilled personnel. These limitations have spurred development of sensors incorporating nanostructured materials that can aid in specific and accurate quantification of HbA1c. Various chemical and biological sensing elements with and without nanoparticle interfaces have been explored for HbA1c detection. Attempts are underway to improve the detection speed, increase accuracy, and reduce sample volumes and detection costs through different combinations of nanomaterials, interfaces, capture elements, and measurement techniques. This review elaborates on the recent advances in the realm of electrochemical detection for HbA1c detection. It also discusses the emerging trends and challenges in the fabrication of effective, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care (PoC) devices for HbA1c and the potential way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Mandali
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Amrish Prabakaran
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Kasthuri Annadurai
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L, Xu J, Zhan Z, Zhang G, Li WJ. Glycated Hemoglobin Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Electrode. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:902. [PMID: 36291040 PMCID: PMC9599171 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical HbA1c sensor with high sensitivity and good specificity is proposed based on the electrochemical immune principle. The reproducibility and conductivity of the electrode are improved by depositing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPE). The HbA1c antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode by adsorption to capture the HbA1c in the sample. The hindering effect of HbA1c on the electrode transfer reaction was exploited as the HbA1c detection mechanism. The electrode's properties were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the measurement properties of the electrode were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The experimental results show that the peak current signal of the electrochemical immunosensor produced a linear response to HbA1c in the concentration range of 20-200 μg/mL, a linear relationship coefficient of 0.9812, a detection limit of 15.5 µg/mL, and a sensitivity of 0.0938 µA/µg·mL-1. The sensor delivered satisfactory repeatability, stability, and anti-interference performance. Due to its small size, high sensitivity, and wide linear detection range, it is expected to play a significant role in managing diabetes at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoai Wang
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Measurement and Testing, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Jianghong Xu
- Qinhuangdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhikun Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guanglie Zhang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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4
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Mahobiya S, Balayan S, Chauhan N, Khanuja M, Kuchhal NK, Islam SS, Jain U. Tungsten Disulfide Decorated Screen-Printed Electrodes for Sensing of Glycated Hemoglobin. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34676-34684. [PMID: 36188317 PMCID: PMC9520739 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global menace, and its severity results in various disorders including cardiovascular, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Recently, diabetic conditions are diagnosed through the level of glycated hemoglobin. The level of glycated hemoglobin is determined with enzymatic methodology. Although the system is sensitive, it has various restrictions such as long processing times, expensive equipment required for testing, and complex steps involved in sample preparation. These limitations are a hindrance to faster results. The limitations of the developed methods can be eliminated through biosensors. In this work, an electrochemical platform was fabricated that facilitates the identification of glycated hemoglobin protein in diabetic patients. The working electrode on the integrated circuit was modified with molecularly imprinted polymer decorated with tungsten disulfide nanoparticles to enhance its analytical properties. The analytical properties of the biosensor were studied using electrochemical techniques. The obtained detection limit of the nanoelectronic sensor was 0.01 pM. The calculated sensitivity of the biosensor was observed to be 0.27 μA/pM. Also, the sensor promises to operate in a dynamic working concentration range and provide instant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil
Kumar Mahobiya
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity
University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Balayan
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity
University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity
University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manika Khanuja
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - S. S. Islam
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity
Institute of Nanotechnology (AINT), Amity
University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Noviana E, Siswanto S, Budi Hastuti AAM. Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Determination of Glycated Hemoglobin. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:CTMC-EPUB-126335. [PMID: 36111762 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220915114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health burden whose prevalence has been steadily increasing over the past decades. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for diagnostics and monitoring glycemic control in diabetes patients. HbA1c biosensors are often considered to be cost-effective alternatives for smaller testing laboratories or clinics unable to access other reference methods. Many of these sensors deploy nanomaterials as recognition elements, detection labels, and/or transducers for achieving sensitive and selective detection of HbA1c. Nanomaterials have emerged as important sensor components due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, tunable morphologies, and easy integration into multiple sensing platforms. In this review, we discuss the advantages of using nanomaterials to construct HbA1c sensors and various sensing strategies for HbA1c measurements. Key gaps between the current technologies with what is needed moving forward are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Research Center for Drug Targeting and Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Soni Siswanto
- Research Center for Drug Targeting and Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Ari Murti Budi Hastuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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6
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Development of Nanomaterial-Modified Impedimetric Aptasensor—A Single-Step Strategy for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070538. [PMID: 35884341 PMCID: PMC9312850 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing rapid, sensitive detection methods for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) is crucial to reduce its current misuse in the world population. With that aim, we developed an aptamer-modified tin nanoparticle (SnNP)-based nanoarchitecture as an electrochemical sensor in this study. This platform exhibited a high electron transfer rate with enhanced conductivity arising from its large surface area in comparison to the bare electrode. This observation was explained by the 40-fold higher electroactive surface area of SnNPs@Au, which provided a large space for 1.0 μM AptMDMA (0.68 ± 0.36 × 1012 molecule/cm2) immobilization and yielded a significant electrochemical response in the presence of MDMA. Furthermore, the AptMDMA-modified SnNPs@Au sensing platform proved to be a simple yet ultrasensitive analytical device for MDMA detection in spiked biological and water samples. This novel electrochemical aptasensor showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–1.0 nM for MDMA (R2 = 0.97) with a limit of detection of 0.33 nM and a sensitivity of 0.54 ohm/nM. In addition, the device showed high accuracy and stability along with signal recoveries in the range of 92–96.7% (Relative Standard Deviation, RSD, 1.1–2.18%). In conclusion, the proposed aptasensor developed here is the first to combine SnNPs and aptamers for illicit compound detection, and it offers a reliable platform for recreational drug detection.
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7
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Zhan Z, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Fu B, Li WJ. A Review of Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040221. [PMID: 35448281 PMCID: PMC9024622 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for measuring glucose levels in the diagnosis of diabetes due to the excellent stability and reliability of this biomarker. HbA1c is a stable glycated protein formed by the reaction of glucose with hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells, which reflects average glucose levels over a period of two to three months without suffering from the disturbance of the outside environment. A number of simple, high-efficiency, and sensitive electrochemical sensors have been developed for the detection of HbA1c. This review aims to highlight current methods and trends in electrochemistry for HbA1c monitoring. The target analytes of electrochemical HbA1c sensors are usually HbA1c or fructosyl valine/fructosyl valine histidine (FV/FVH, the hydrolyzed product of HbA1c). When HbA1c is the target analyte, a sensor works to selectively bind to specific HbA1c regions and then determines the concentration of HbA1c through the quantitative transformation of weak electrical signals such as current, potential, and impedance. When FV/FVH is the target analyte, a sensor is used to indirectly determine HbA1c by detecting FV/FVH when it is hydrolyzed by fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAO), fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX), or a molecularly imprinted catalyst (MIC). Then, a current proportional to the concentration of HbA1c can be produced. In this paper, we review a variety of representative electrochemical HbA1c sensors developed in recent years and elaborate on their operational principles, performance, and promising future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhan
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.J.L.)
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Boya Fu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.J.L.)
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8
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Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor with Simultaneous Detection (of Cancer and Diabetes) and Analysis of Deformation Effects on Dielectric Rods in Optical Microstructure. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes a refractive index sensor for the simultaneous detection of cancer and diabetes based on photonic crystals (PhC). The proposed PhC composed of silicon rods in the air bed arranged in a hexagonal lattice forms the fundamental structure. Two tubes are used to place the cancerous or diabetic samples for measurement. The sensor’s transmission characteristics are simulated and analyzed by solving Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations using the finite-difference time-domain approach for samples being studied. Therefore, diabetes and cancer are detected according to the changes in the refractive index of the samples using the laser source centered at 1550 nm. Considering the findings, the sensor’s geometry changes to adjust the suggested sensitivity and quality factor of structure. According to the results, transmission power ranges between 91 and 100% based on the sample. Moreover, sensitivity ranges from 1294 to 3080 nm/RIU and the maximum Figure of Mertie is nearly FOM = 1550.11 ± 150.11 RIU−1 with the detection in range 31 × 10−6 RIU. In addition, the small area (61.56 μm2) of biosensor results in its appropriateness for different uses in compact photonic integrated circuits. Next, we changed the shape of the dielectric rods and investigated their effects on the sensitivity parameter. The sensitivity and figure of merit after changes in the shape of dielectric rods and nanocavities are at best S = 20,393 nm/RIU and FOM = 9104.017 ± 606.93 RIU−1, receptively. In addition, the resolution detection range is 203.93 × 10−6 RIU.
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9
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A Carbon-Based Antifouling Nano-Biosensing Interface for Label-Free POCT of HbA1c. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11040118. [PMID: 33921226 PMCID: PMC8069255 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensing relies on electron transport on electrode surfaces. However, electrode inactivation and biofouling caused by a complex biological sample severely decrease the efficiency of electron transfer and the specificity of biosensing. Here, we designed a three-dimensional antifouling nano-biosensing interface to improve the efficiency of electron transfer by a layer of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA). The electrochemical properties of the BSA/MWCNTs/GA layer were investigated using both cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance to demonstrate its high-efficiency antifouling nano-biosensing interface. The BSA/MWCNTs/GA layer kept 92% of the original signal in 1% BSA and 88% of that in unprocessed human serum after a 1-month exposure, respectively. Importantly, we functionalized the BSA/MWCNTs/GA layer with HbA1c antibody (anti-HbA1c) and 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) for sensitive detection of glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c). The label-free direct electrocatalytic oxidation of HbA1c was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The linear dynamic range of 2 to 15% of blood glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) in non-glycated hemoglobin (HbAo) was determined. The detection limit was 0.4%. This high degree of differentiation would facilitate a label-free POCT detection of HbA1c.
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10
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Development of glycated peptide enzyme sensor based flow injection analysis system for haemoglobin A1c monitoring using quasi-direct electron transfer type engineered fructosyl peptide oxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112984. [PMID: 33477030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Haemoglobin A1c (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c) is an important long-term glycemic control marker for diabetes. The aim of this study was to develop an enzyme flow injection analysis (FIA) system using engineered fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOx) based on 2.5th generation principle for an HbA1c automated analytical system. FPOx from Phaeosphaeria nodorum (PnFPOx) was engineered by introducing a Lys residue at the R414 position, to be modified with amine reactive phenazine ethosulfate (arPES) in proximity of FAD. The engineered PnFPOx mutant with minimized oxidase activity, N56A/R414K, showed quasi-direct electron transfer (quasi-DET) ability after PES-modification. The FIA system was constructed by employing a PES-modified PnFPOx N56A/R414K and operated at 0 V against Ag/AgCl. The system showed reproducible responses with a linear range of 20-500 μM for both fructosyl valine (FV) and fructosyl valylhistidine (FVH), with sensitivities of 0.49 nA μM-1 and 0.13 nA μM-1, and the detection limits of 1.3 μM and 2.0 μM for FV and FVH, respectively. These results indicate that the enzyme electrochemical FIA system covers the clinical range of HbA1c detection for more 200 consecutive measurements. Protease digested three different levels of HbA1c samples including healthy and diabetic range subjects were also measured with the FIA system. Thus, it will be possible to develop an integrated system consisting of sample pretreatment and sample electrochemical measurement based on an FIA system possessing quasi-DET type PnFPOx.
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11
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Jain U, Gupta S, Soni S, Khurana MP, Chauhan N. Triple-nanostructuring-based noninvasive electro-immune sensing of CagA toxin for Helicobacter pylori detection. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12706. [PMID: 32468682 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is gram-negative, spiral, and microaerophilic bacteria which can survive in ~2%-10% oxygen level. It was reported to populate in human gastric mucosa and leads to gastric cancer without any age or gender difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we are targeting label-free electrochemical immunosensor development for rapid H pylori detection after covalently immobilizing the antibody (CagA) over the nanomaterials modified Au electrode. Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNT), and conducting polymer polyindole carboxylic acid (Pin5COOH) composites (TiO2 NPs/c-MWCNT/Pin5COOH) were synthesized and further utilized in immunosensor development as an electrochemical interface onto Au electrode. The stepwise modifications of CagAantibody/TiO2 NPs/c-MWNCT/Pin5COOH/Au electrode were electrochemically studied. RESULTS Possessing the unique features of advanced materials, the proposed immunosensor reported low sensing limit of 0.1 ng/mL in dynamic linear range of 0.1-8.0 ng/mL with higher stability and reproducibility. Furthermore, developed sensor-based determination of H pylori in five human stool specimens has shown good results with suitable accuracy. CONCLUSIONS This work lays strong foundation toward developing nanotechnology-enabled electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive and early detection of H pylori in noninvasively collected clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Shaivya Gupta
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Shringika Soni
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Manish Punit Khurana
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
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12
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Reddy KK, Bandal H, Satyanarayana M, Goud KY, Gobi KV, Jayaramudu T, Amalraj J, Kim H. Recent Trends in Electrochemical Sensors for Vital Biomedical Markers Using Hybrid Nanostructured Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902980. [PMID: 32670744 PMCID: PMC7341105 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a succinct insight into the recent developments in electrochemical quantification of vital biomedical markers using hybrid metallic composite nanostructures. After a brief introduction to the biomarkers, five types of crucial biomarkers, which require timely and periodical monitoring, are shortlisted, namely, cancer, cardiac, inflammatory, diabetic and renal biomarkers. This review emphasizes the usage and advantages of hybrid nanostructured materials as the recognition matrices toward the detection of vital biomarkers. Different transduction methods (fluorescence, electrophoresis, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) reported for the biomarkers are discussed comprehensively to present an overview of the current research works. Recent advancements in the electrochemical (amperometric, voltammetric, and impedimetric) sensor systems constructed with metal nanoparticle-derived hybrid composite nanostructures toward the selective detection of chosen vital biomarkers are specifically analyzed. It describes the challenges involved and the strategies reported for the development of selective, sensitive, and disposable electrochemical biosensors with the details of fabrication, functionalization, and applications of hybrid metallic composite nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Koteshwara Reddy
- Smart Living Innovation Technology CentreDepartment of Energy Science and TechnologyMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi‐do17058Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Materials ScienceInstituto de Química de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad de TalcaP.O. Box 747Talca3460000Chile
| | - Harshad Bandal
- Smart Living Innovation Technology CentreDepartment of Energy Science and TechnologyMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi‐do17058Republic of Korea
| | - Moru Satyanarayana
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology WarangalWarangalTelangana506004India
| | - Kotagiri Yugender Goud
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology WarangalWarangalTelangana506004India
| | | | - Tippabattini Jayaramudu
- Laboratory of Materials ScienceInstituto de Química de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad de TalcaP.O. Box 747Talca3460000Chile
| | - John Amalraj
- Laboratory of Materials ScienceInstituto de Química de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad de TalcaP.O. Box 747Talca3460000Chile
| | - Hern Kim
- Smart Living Innovation Technology CentreDepartment of Energy Science and TechnologyMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi‐do17058Republic of Korea
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13
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Construction of Rutile-TiO2 Nanoarray Homojuction for Non-Contact Sensing of TATP under Natural Light. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is a new terrorist explosive, and most nitrogen-based sensors fail to detect TATP. Herein, a sea urchin-like TiO2-covered TiO2 nanoarray is constructed as a TATP-sensitive homojunction (HJ) by one step hydrothermal method. By taking fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass as the substrate, the conducting glass is horizontally and vertically put in the reactor to epitaxially grow TiO2–FTO, TiO2–ITO, TiO2–FTO–HJ and TiO2–ITO–HJ. TiO2–FTO–HJ shows a broad absorption band edge in the visible region and high sensitivity to TATP under the simulating natural light compared with TiO2–FTO, TiO2–ITO, and TiO2–ITO–HJ. E-field intensity distribution simulation reveals that constructing homojunctions between the urchin-shaped TiO2 nanosphere and TiO2 nanoarrays can enhance the localized electromagnetic field intensity at the interface of junctions, which may provide photocatalysis active sites to reduce TATP molecules by promoting charge separation. Moreover, the TiO2–FTO–HJ shows high selectivity to TATP among ammonium nitrate, urea and sulfur, which are common homemade explosive raw materials.
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14
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Shalini Devi K, Sasya M, Krishnan UM. Emerging vistas on electrochemical detection of diabetic retinopathy biomarkers. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Sharma P, Panchal A, Yadav N, Narang J. Analytical techniques for the detection of glycated haemoglobin underlining the sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:685-696. [PMID: 32229211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The increase in concentrations of blood glucose results arise in the proportion of glycated haemoglobin. Therefore, the percentage of glycated haemoglobin in the blood could function as a biomarker for the average glucose level over the past three months and can be used to detect diabetes. The study of glycated haemoglobin tends to be complex as there are about three hundred distinct assay techniques available for evaluating glycated haemoglobin which contributes to some differences in the recorded values from the similar samples. This review outlines distinct analytical methods that have evolved in the recent past for precise recognition of the glycated - proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradakshina Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Anupriya Panchal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neelam Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat 131039, India; Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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16
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Gupta S, Tiwari A, Jain U, Chauhan N. Synergistic effect of 2D material coated Pt nanoparticles with PEDOT polymer on electrode surface interface for a sensitive label free Helicobacter pylori CagA(Ag-Ab) immunosensing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Gold Nanostar Colorimetric Detection of Fructosyl Valine as a Potential Future Point of Care Biosensor Candidate for Glycated Haemoglobin Detection. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9030100. [PMID: 31416267 PMCID: PMC6784361 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a growing global concern. The current methods used to detect glycated haemoglobin are precise, however, utilise expensive equipment, reagents and consumables. These are luxuries which rural communities cannot access. The nanotechnology methods which have been developed for glycated haemoglobin detection are predominantly electrochemically based, have complicated lengthy fabrication processes and utilise toxic chemicals. Here a fructosyl amino acid oxidase gold nanostar biosensor has been developed as a potential future point of care biosensor candidate for glycated haemoglobin detection. The workup done on this biosensor showed that it was able to give a spectrophotometric readout and colorimetric result with naked eye detection in blank serum spiked with fructosyl valine.
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18
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Kaur J, Jiang C, Liu G. Different strategies for detection of HbA1c emphasizing on biosensors and point-of-care analyzers. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:85-100. [PMID: 29903690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a gold standard procedure for assessing long term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus as it gives the stable and reliable value of blood glucose levels for a period of 90-120 days. HbA1c is formed by the non-enzymatic glycation of terminal valine of hemoglobin. The analysis of HbA1c tends to be complicated because there are more than 300 different assay methods for measuring HbA1c which leads to variations in reported values from same samples. Therefore, standardization of detection methods is recommended. The review outlines the current research activities on developing assays including biosensors for the detection of HbA1c. The pros and cons of different techniques for measuring HbA1c are outlined. The performance of current point-of-care HbA1c analyzers available on the market are also compared and discussed. The future perspectives for HbA1c detection and diabetes management are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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