1
|
Ieritano C, Thomas P, Hopkins WS. Argentination: A Silver Bullet for Cannabinoid Separation by Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37224077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As the legality of cannabis continues to evolve globally, there is a growing demand for methods that can accurately quantitate cannabinoids found in commercial products. However, the isobaric nature of many cannabinoids, along with variations in extraction methods and product formulations, makes cannabinoid quantitation by mass spectrometry (MS) challenging. Here, we demonstrate that differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) and tandem-MS can distinguish a set of seven cannabinoids, five of which are isobaric: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ8-THC, exo-THC, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabinol, and cannabigerol. Analytes were detected as argentinated species ([M + Ag]+), which, when subjected to collision-induced dissociation, led to the unexpected discovery that argentination promotes distinct fragmentation patterns for each cannabinoid. The unique fragment ions formed were rationalized by discerning fragmentation mechanisms that follow each cannabinoid's MS3 behavior. The differing fragmentation behaviors between species suggest that argentination can distinguish cannabinoids by tandem-MS, although not quantitatively as some cannabinoids produce small amounts of a fragment ion that is isobaric with the major fragment generated by another cannabinoid. By adding DMS to the tandem-MS workflow, it becomes possible to resolve each cannabinoid in a pure N2 environment by deconvoluting the contribution of each cannabinoid to a specific fragmentation channel. To this end, we used DMS in conjunction with a multiple reaction monitoring workflow to assess cannabinoid levels in two cannabis extracts. Our methodology exhibited excellent accuracy, limits of detection (10-20 ppb depending on the cannabinoid), and linearity during quantitation by standard addition (R2 > 0.99).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Detection and Identification of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Analogs via Recognition-Enabled “Chromatographic” 19F NMR. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
3
|
Du X, Wang Y, Zeng H, Zeng H, Chen Z, Li H. High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry for xylene isomer separation assisted by helium-chemical modifiers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4649-4658. [PMID: 36377690 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a combined helium-chemical modifier method for a faster and more convenient separation and detection of xylene isomers. The method employs high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) to investigate the separation and identification of three xylene isomers. A homemade hollow needle-ring ion source was used, and five chemical modifiers, represented by methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid, were doped into the xylene target analytes to observe the separation and identification of the three isomers. This was based on the fact that the addition of helium and the increase of the RF voltage could no longer improve the resolution of the field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry system. The experimental results at an RF field voltage of 15 kV cm-1 showed that the spectral peak shifts of o-, m-, and p-xylene in a normal nitrogen environment were -0.21, -0.21, and -0.24 V, respectively. o-Xylene showed a spectral peak of -1.33 V after the addition of helium; however, the separation was not evident. The FAIMS spectrum of xylene showed multiple cluster ion peaks upon addition of the chemical modifiers on top of helium. The alcohol chemical modifiers caused three spectral peaks, with the best effect for methanol, and the characteristic ion peak positions of -7.16, -6.90, and -6.01 V for o-, m-, and p-xylene, respectively. The separation using proton-based chemical modifiers was confirmed to be stronger than that using non-proton-based chemical modifiers, and appropriate volume fractions of chemical modifiers provided a better separation of the target analytes. This study introduces a novel concept and method for the separation and identification of xylene isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Du
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Hongda Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Hao Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hooshfar S, Tchu S, Yun C, Lynch KL. Development of a high-throughput differential mobility separation-tandem mass spectrometry (DMS-MS/MS) method for clinical urine drug testing. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 23:50-57. [PMID: 35036987 PMCID: PMC8753179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differential mobility separation (DMS) is an analytical technique used for rapid separation of ions and isomers based on gas phase mobility prior to entering a mass spectrometer for analysis. The entire DMS process is accomplished in fewer than 20 ms and can be used as a rapid alternative to chromatographic separation. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to evaluate the utility of DMS-tandem mass spectrometry (DMS-MS/MS) as a replacement for immunoassay-based clinical toxicology testing. METHODS A sensitive DMS-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous identification of 33 drugs and metabolites in human urine samples. After DMS optimization, the method was validated and used to screen 56 clinical urine samples. These results were compared to results obtained by immunoassay. RESULTS The DMS-MS/MS method achieved limits of detection ranging from 5 to 100 ng/mL. Moreover, the total analysis time was 2 min per sample. For the method performance evaluation, DMS-MS/MS results were compared with previously obtained urine toxicology immunoassay results. DMS-MS/MS showed higher sensitivity and identified 20% more drugs in urine, which were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSION The DMS-MS/MS as applied in our lab demonstrated the capability for rapid drug screening and provided better analytical performance than immunoassay.
Collapse
Key Words
- 6-MAM, 6-Monoacetylmorphine
- AMPH, amphetamines/ecstasy
- BENZ, benzodiazepines
- BUPR, buprenorphine
- CE, Collision energy
- COV, compensation voltage
- CXP, collision cell exit potential
- DAPPI, atmospheric pressure photo ionization
- DART, direct analysis in real time
- DC, direct current
- DESI, desorption electrospray ionization
- DMO, DMS offse
- DMS, differential mobility separation
- DP, declustering potential
- DR, DMS resolution enhancement
- DT, DMS cell temperature
- Differential mobility separation
- Drugs of abuse
- EDDP, 2-ethylidene1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine
- EP, entrance potential
- FAIMS, field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry
- FSI, fiber spray ionization
- GC-MS or LC-MS, gas chromatography- or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- GS1, ion source gas 1
- GS2, ion source gas 2
- IMS, ion mobility spectrometry, IS, internal standards, LOD, limit of detection, MD, modifier, MDC, modifier composition, ME, matrix effects
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- OPI, opiates
- OXY, oxycodone/oxmorphone
- QCs, quality controls
- SRM, selected reaction monitoring
- SV, separation voltage
- Urine drug screening
- WT-ESI, wooden-tip electrospray ionization
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hooshfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Eisai Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Simone Tchu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cassandra Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ieritano C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Bissonnette JR, Haack A, Hopkins WS. Protonation-Induced Chirality Drives Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116794. [PMID: 34963024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Upon development of a workflow to analyze (±)-Verapamil and its metabolites using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), we noticed that the ionogram of protonated Verapamil consisted of two peaks. This was inconsistent with its metabolites, as each exhibited only a single peak in the respective ionograms. The unique behaviour of Verapamil was attributed to protonation at its tertiary amino moiety, which generated a stereogenic quaternary amine. The introduction of additional chirality upon N-protonation of Verapamil renders four possible stereochemical configurations for the protonated ion: ( R,R ), ( S,S ), ( R,S ), or ( S,R ). The ( R,R )/( S,S ) and ( R,S )/( S,R ) enantiomeric pairs are diastereomeric and thus exhibit unique conformations that are resolvable by linear and differential ion mobility techniques. Protonation-induced chirality appears to be a general phenomenon, as N -protonation of 12 additional chiral amines generated diastereomers that were readily resolved by DMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- University of Waterloo Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, CANADA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Haack
- University of Waterloo Faculty of Science, Chemistry, CANADA
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- University of Waterloo, Chemistry, 200 University Ave. W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ieritano C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Bissonnette JR, Haack A, Hopkins WS. Protonation‐Induced Chirality Drives Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- University of Waterloo Faculty of Science Chemistry 200 University Avenue West N2L 3G1 Waterloo CANADA
| | | | | | | | | | - W. Scott Hopkins
- University of Waterloo Chemistry 200 University Ave. W N2L 3G1 Waterloo CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei Z, Du X, Zeng H, Chen Z, Xiao W, Li H. Simultaneously improving the resolving power and sensitivity for planar high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry using a mixed gas inlet mode at two ends. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9198. [PMID: 34559434 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Resolution and sensitivity are two key parameters for describing the performance of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). An increase in the resolving power of FAIMS has been realized by adding helium to nitrogen in planar FAIMS, but it comes at the expense of sensitivity. METHODS Here, a new hollow needle-to-ring discharge device integrated on a PCB substrate is used as the ion source for FAIMS. Helium flows from the hollow part of the hollow needle to improve the ionization effect. Nitrogen carries the sample into the ionization chamber and is mixed with helium as the carrier gas. RESULTS Under a nitrogen flow rate of 1 L min-1 , 1.5 L min-1 , 2 L min-1 , and 2.5 L min-1 , adding helium at different flow rates (0.2 L min-1 , 0.3 L min-1 , 0.5 L min-1 , and 1 L min-1 ) can simultaneously improve the separation ability and sensitivity. Helium and nitrogen with flow rates of 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 L min-1 were added to nitrogen (2 L min-1 ). The separation ability and sensitivity of the mixed gases doped with helium are better than those of nitrogen. The larger the RF voltage amplitude is, the more obvious the improvement in the separation ability when helium is added. However, helium doping has the opposite effect on the sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new idea and technical means for the application of helium and nitrogen gas mixtures in planar FAIMS. This method can greatly improve the performance of FAIMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wei
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongda Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxiang Xiao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Skeene K, Khatri K, Soloviev Z, Lapthorn C. Current status and future prospects for ion-mobility mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140697. [PMID: 34246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals is key in defining successful drug discovery campaigns, aimed at bringing molecules through different discovery stages up to development and commercialization. There are many challenges in this process, with complex and detailed analyses playing paramount roles in modern industry. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool for characterization of proteins ever since the onset of soft ionization techniques and has taken the lead in quality assessment of biopharmaceutical molecules, and protein reagents, used in the drug discovery pipeline. MS use spans from identification of correct sequences, to intact molecule analyses, protein complexes and more recently epitope and paratope identification. MS toolkits could be incredibly diverse and with ever evolving instrumentation, increasingly novel MS-based techniques are becoming indispensable tools in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here we discuss application of Ion Mobility MS (IMMS) in an industrial setting, and what the current applications and outlook are for making IMMS more mainstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Skeene
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Cris Lapthorn
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
This paper aims to cover the main strategies based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for the analysis of biological samples. The determination of endogenous and exogenous compounds in such samples is important for the understanding of the health status of individuals. For this reason, the development of new approaches that can be complementary to the ones already established (mainly based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) is welcomed. In this regard, ion mobility spectrometry has appeared in the analytical scenario as a powerful technique for the separation and characterization of compounds based on their mobility. IMS has been used in several areas taking advantage of its orthogonality with other analytical separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, or supercritical fluid chromatography. Bioanalysis is not one of the areas where IMS has been more extensively applied. However, over the last years, the interest in using this approach for the analysis of biological samples has clearly increased. This paper introduces the reader to the principles controlling the separation in IMS and reviews recent applications using this technique in the field of bioanalysis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu R, Chen X, Wu WJ, Wang Z, Wong YLE, Hung YLW, Wong HT, Yang M, Zhang F, Chan TWD. Rapid Differentiation of Asian and American Ginseng by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Stepwise Modulation of Gas Modifier Concentration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2212-2221. [PMID: 31502223 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a rapid and robust method for the differentiation of Asian and American ginseng samples based on differential ion mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (DMS-MS/MS). Groups of bioactive ginsenoside/pseudo-ginsenoside isomers, including Rf/Rg1/F11, Rb2/Rb3/Rc, and Rd/Re, in the ginseng extracts were sequentially separated using DMS with stepwise changes in the gas modifier concentration prior to MS analysis. The identities of the spatially separated ginsenoside/pseudo-ginsenoside isomers were confirmed by their characteristic compensation voltages at specific modifier loading and MS/MS product ions. As expected, Asian ginseng samples contained some Rf and an insignificant amount of F11, whereas American ginseng samples had a high level of F11 but no Rf. The origin of the whole and sliced ginseng could further be confirmed using the quantitative ratios of three sets of ginsenoside markers, namely, Rg1/Re, Rb1/Rg1, and Rb2/Rc. Based on our results, new benchmark ratios of Rg1/Re < 0.15, Rb1/Rg1 > 2.15, and Rb2/Rc < 0.26 were proposed for American ginseng (as opposed to Asian ginseng).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ri Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Elaine Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Winnie Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - H-T Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Minli Yang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - T-W Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaszycki JL, La Rotta A, Colsch B, Fenaille F, Dauly C, Kamleh A, Wu C. Separation of biologically relevant isomers on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer using high-resolution drift tube ion mobility and varied drift gas mixtures. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 2:3-10. [PMID: 30772932 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility is a powerful addition to the Orbitrap mass spectrometer enabling direct separation of isomers. Apart from offering high resolving power in a compact design, it also facilitates optimization of the separation gas, as shown here for a series of biologically relevant isomer pairs. METHODS An Excellims MA3100 High-Resolution Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Spectrometer (HR-IMS) was coupled to a Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ Focus hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer, using an Excellims Directspray™ Electrospray Ionization source and a gas mixture setup to provide various drift gases (air, CO2 and mixtures). This instrument combination was used to separate isomers of eight pairs of metabolites and gangliosides, optimizing drift gas conditions for best separation of each set. RESULTS All but one of the isomers pairs provided could be partially or fully separated by the HR-IMS-MS combination using ion mobility drift times. About half of the separated compounds showed significantly better analytical separation when analyzed in a mixture of CO2 and air rather than air or CO2 alone. Resolving power of up to 102 was achieved using the 10 cm atmospheric drift tube ion mobility add-on for the Orbitrap mass spectrometer. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis demonstrates the usefulness of using atmospheric drift tube IMS on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer to characterize the isomeric composition of samples. It also highlights the potential benefits of being able to quickly optimize the drift gas composition to selectively maximize the mobility difference for isomer separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benoit Colsch
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, Acton, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Determination of 10 Kinds of Caine-Type Prohibited Ingredients in Cosmetics by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Szykuła KM, Meurs J, Turner MA, Creaser CS, Reynolds JC. Combined hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-scanning field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for untargeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6309-6317. [PMID: 31011786 PMCID: PMC6718375 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolite profiling of biological samples is a challenge for analytical science due to the high degree of complexity of biofluids. Isobaric species may also not be resolved using mass spectrometry alone. As a result of these factors, many potential biomarkers may not be detected or are masked by co-eluting interferences in conventional LC-MS metabolomic analyses. In this study, a comprehensive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry workflow incorporating a fast-scanning miniaturised high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry separation (LC-FAIMS-MS) is applied to the untargeted metabolomic analysis of human urine. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer used in the study was scanned at a rate of 20 scans s-1 enabling a FAIMS CF spectrum to be acquired within a 1-s scan time, maintaining an adequate number of data points across each LC peak. The developed method is demonstrated to be able to resolve co-eluting isomeric species and shows good reproducibility (%RSD < 4.9%). The nested datasets obtained for fresh, aged, and QC urine samples were submitted for multivariate statistical analysis. Seventy unique biomarker ions showing a statistically significant difference between fresh and aged urine were identified with optimal transmission CF values obtained across the full CF spectrum. The potential of using FAIMS to select ions for in-source collision-induced dissociation is demonstrated for FAIMS-selected methylxanthine ions yielding characteristic fragment ion species indicative of the precursor. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Szykuła
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Joris Meurs
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technology Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew A Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng X, Cui X, Yu H, Jiang J. Development of a quantitative method for four photocyanine isomers using differential ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a preliminary pharmacokinetics investigation. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1577:109-119. [PMID: 30274691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been accepted as an alternative treatment for cancer, and its target specificity can be achieved by controlling the location at which light activates the photosensitizer. Photocyanine, a novel anticancer phthalocyanine-based photosensitizer, is a mixture of 4 cis-isomers of a series of synthetic products, and accordingly, it is essential to verify whether there are differences in pharmacokinetics among the four isomers for clinical application, which requires reliable analytical methods to measure the plasma concentrations of the four isomers. An efficient LC-MS/MS method coupled with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) for the simultaneous quantification of the four photocyanine isomers in human plasma was developed and validated herein. This method had a limit of quantification of 10 ng mL-1 for each isomer and showed stable and reproducible inter- and intra-day results. Use of this method in preliminary pharmacokinetic studies in patients with esophageal cancer showed that the exposure and distribution of the four isomers were different, which had not been found in previous studies. The present research revealed that DMS was an effective tool for isomeric quantitation and that LC-DMS-MS/MS presented robust and reliable in biomatrix analysis. The method significantly improved peak separation and sensitivity compared with that of other LC-MS-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Xinge Cui
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Huaidong Yu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wernisch S, Afshinnia F, Rajendiran T, Pennathur S. Probing the application range and selectivity of a differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry platform for metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29532192 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics applications of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS)-mass spectrometry (MS) have largely concentrated on targeted assays and the removal of isobaric or chemical interferences from the signals of a small number of analytes. In the work reported here, we systematically investigated the application range of a DMS-MS method for metabolomics using more than 800 authentic metabolite standards as the test set. The coverage achieved with the DMS-MS platform was comparable to that achieved with chromatographic methods. High orthogonality was observed between hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and the 2-propanol-mediated DMS separation, and previously observed similarities were confirmed for the DMS platform and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. We describe the chemical selectivity observed for selected subsets of the metabolite test set, such as lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and organic acids. Furthermore, we rationalize the behavior and separation of isomeric aromatic acids, bile acids, and other metabolites. Graphical abstract Differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) facilitates rapid separation of metabolites of similar mass-to-charge ratio by distributing them across the compensation voltage range on the basis of their different molecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wernisch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5309 Brehm Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5309 Brehm Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, 6300 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5309 Brehm Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, 6300 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
D'Atri V, Causon T, Hernandez-Alba O, Mutabazi A, Veuthey JL, Cianferani S, Guillarme D. Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC-MS: What is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry? J Sep Sci 2017; 41:20-67. [PMID: 29024509 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry is an analytical technique known for more than 100 years, which entails separating ions in the gas phase based on their size, shape, and charge. While ion mobility spectrometry alone can be useful for some applications (mostly security analysis for detecting certain classes of narcotics and explosives), it becomes even more powerful in combination with mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Indeed, the limited resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry alone can be tackled when combining this analytical strategy with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Over the last few years, the hyphenation of ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry has attracted more and more interest, with significant progresses in both technical advances and pioneering applications. This review describes the theoretical background, available technologies, and future capabilities of these techniques. It also highlights a wide range of applications, from small molecules (natural products, metabolites, glycans, lipids) to large biomolecules (proteins, protein complexes, biopharmaceuticals, oligonucleotides).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Causon
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Mutabazi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|