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Gabelica V, Shvartsburg AA, Afonso C, Barran P, Benesch JL, Bleiholder C, Bowers MT, Bilbao A, Bush MF, Campbell JL, Campuzano ID, Causon T, Clowers BH, Creaser CS, De Pauw E, Far J, Fernandez‐Lima F, Fjeldsted JC, Giles K, Groessl M, Hogan CJ, Hann S, Kim HI, Kurulugama RT, May JC, McLean JA, Pagel K, Richardson K, Ridgeway ME, Rosu F, Sobott F, Thalassinos K, Valentine SJ, Wyttenbach T. Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements. Mass Spectrom Rev 2019; 38:291-320. [PMID: 30707468 PMCID: PMC6618043 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a guide to ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties of mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0 ) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N; (ii) ion mobility does not measure molecular surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model; (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method-dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort toward establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM and CNRS, ARNA Laboratory, IECB site2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600PessacFrance
| | | | | | - Perdita Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryManchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Justin L.P. Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida32311
| | | | - Aivett Bilbao
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | | | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre for Analytical ScienceDepartment of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Johann Far
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of BioMedical ResearchInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland and TofwerkThunSwitzerland
| | | | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Jody C. May
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universitaet BerlinInstitute for Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Frédéric Rosu
- CNRS, INSERM and University of BordeauxInstitut Européen de Chimie et BiologiePessacFrance
| | - Frank Sobott
- Antwerp UniversityBiomolecular & Analytical Mass SpectrometryAntwerpBelgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- United Kingdom and Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of LondonLondonWC1E 7HXUK
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
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Szykuła KM, Meurs J, Turner MA, Creaser CS, Reynolds JC. Combined hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-scanning field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for untargeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6309-6317. [PMID: 31011786 PMCID: PMC6718375 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolite profiling of biological samples is a challenge for analytical science due to the high degree of complexity of biofluids. Isobaric species may also not be resolved using mass spectrometry alone. As a result of these factors, many potential biomarkers may not be detected or are masked by co-eluting interferences in conventional LC-MS metabolomic analyses. In this study, a comprehensive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry workflow incorporating a fast-scanning miniaturised high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry separation (LC-FAIMS-MS) is applied to the untargeted metabolomic analysis of human urine. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer used in the study was scanned at a rate of 20 scans s-1 enabling a FAIMS CF spectrum to be acquired within a 1-s scan time, maintaining an adequate number of data points across each LC peak. The developed method is demonstrated to be able to resolve co-eluting isomeric species and shows good reproducibility (%RSD < 4.9%). The nested datasets obtained for fresh, aged, and QC urine samples were submitted for multivariate statistical analysis. Seventy unique biomarker ions showing a statistically significant difference between fresh and aged urine were identified with optimal transmission CF values obtained across the full CF spectrum. The potential of using FAIMS to select ions for in-source collision-induced dissociation is demonstrated for FAIMS-selected methylxanthine ions yielding characteristic fragment ion species indicative of the precursor. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Szykuła
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Joris Meurs
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technology Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew A Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Arthur KL, Wilson LS, Turner MA, Lindley MR, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. The determination of salivary oxypurines before and after exercise by combined liquid chromatography-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-018-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arthur KL, Turner MA, Brailsford AD, Kicman AT, Cowan DA, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Rapid Analysis of Anabolic Steroid Metabolites in Urine by Combining Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry with Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7431-7437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L. Arthur
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Turner
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D. Brailsford
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Kicman
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Cowan
- Drug
Control Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Arthur KL, Turner MA, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Increasing Peak Capacity in Nontargeted Omics Applications by Combining Full Scan Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry with Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3452-3459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L. Arthur
- Centre for Analytical Science,
Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Matthew A. Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science,
Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science,
Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre for Analytical Science,
Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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Cegla J, Jones BJ, Howard J, Kay R, Creaser CS, Bloom SR, Tan TM. The preanalytical stability of glucagon as measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and two commercially available immunoassays. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:293-296. [PMID: 27705885 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216675648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the main challenges in the measurement of glucagon is the premise that it is unstable in human plasma. Traditionally, protease inhibitors have been used to prevent its degradation; however, their use is controversial. Here, we investigated the optimal method of sample collection for glucagon, with measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and two commercially available immunoassays. Methods Blood from healthy fasting volunteers (n = 10) was processed under a variety of preanalytical conditions including collection in EDTA vs. lithium heparin tubes and the addition of aprotinin and/or a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor. Additionally, the effect of freeze thaw was assessed. Plasma glucagon concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS and two commercially available immunoassays (HTRF® sandwich immunoassay, Cisbio and Milliplex MAP Human Metabolic Hormone Panel, Merck Millipore). Results A systematic bias of Milliplex > LC-MS/MS > HTRF was noted and plasma glucagon concentrations were significantly different between methods (Milliplex vs. LC-MS/MS P < 0.01; Milliplex vs. HTRF P < 0.0001; LC-MS/MS vs. HTRF P < 0.001). The addition of aprotinin, DPPIV inhibitor or a combination of aprotinin and DPPIV inhibitor had no effect on plasma glucagon concentrations when compared to 'non-stabilized' samples or each other. Whether samples were taken in EDTA tubes or lithium heparin tubes made no difference to plasma glucagon concentrations. These findings were consistent for all three methods. Plasma glucagon concentrations were not significantly different after two freeze-thaw cycles (performed on samples in EDTA tubes containing aprotinin and DPPIV inhibitor). Conclusions This study demonstrates that glucagon is stable in both EDTA and lithium heparin tubes when stored at -80℃. Furthermore, the addition of aprotinin and DPPIV inhibitors is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimini Cegla
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ben J Jones
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Howard
- 2 LGC Limited, UK.,3 Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Richard Kay
- 4 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin S Creaser
- 3 Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tricia M Tan
- 1 Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Arthur KL, Eiceman GA, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Analysis of Supramolecular Complexes of 3-Methylxanthine with Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:800-809. [PMID: 26914231 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturised field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), combined with mass spectrometry (MS), has been applied to the study of self-assembling, noncovalent supramolecular complexes of 3-methylxanthine (3-MX) in the gas phase. 3-MX forms stable tetrameric complexes around an alkali metal (Na(+), K(+)) or ammonium cation, to generate a diverse array of complexes with single and multiple charge states. Complexes of (3-MX)n observed include: singly charged complexes where n = 1-8 and 12 and doubly charged complexes where n = 12-24. The most intense ions are those associated with multiples of tetrameric units, where n = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24. The effect of dispersion field on the ion intensities of the self-assembled complexes indicates some fragmentation of higher order complexes within the FAIMS electrodes (in-FAIMS dissociation), as well as in-source collision induced dissociation within the mass spectrometer. FAIMS-MS enables charge state separation of supramolecular complexes of 3-MX and is shown to be capable of separating species with overlapping mass-to-charge ratios. FAIMS selected transmission also results in an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for low intensity complexes and enables the visualization of species undetectable without FAIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L Arthur
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Gary A Eiceman
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, P.O. Box 3001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA
| | - James C Reynolds
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Center for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Da Costa C, Turner M, Reynolds JC, Whitmarsh S, Lynch T, Creaser CS. Direct Analysis of Oil Additives by High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry Combined with Electrospray Ionization and Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2453-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Da Costa
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Turner
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Whitmarsh
- BP Formulated Products Technology, Whitchurch
Hill, Pangbourne, Reading, RG8 7QR, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lynch
- BP Formulated Products Technology, Whitchurch
Hill, Pangbourne, Reading, RG8 7QR, United Kingdom
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre
for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Howard JW, Kay RG, Tan T, Minnion J, Creaser CS. Identification of plasma protease derived metabolites of glucagon and their formation under typical laboratory sample handling conditions. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:171-181. [PMID: 25641492 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glucagon modulates glucose production, and it is also a biomarker for several pathologies. It is known to be unstable in human plasma, and consequently stabilisers are often added to samples, although these are not particularly effective. Despite this, there have not been any studies to identify in vitro plasma protease derived metabolites; such a study is described here. Knowledge of metabolism should allow the development of more effective sample stabilisation strategies. METHODS Several novel metabolites resulting from the incubation of glucagon in human plasma were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionisation. Tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) scans were acquired for additional confirmation using a QTRAP. Separation was performed using reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The formation of these metabolites was investigated during a time-course experiment and under specific stress conditions representative of typical laboratory handling conditions. Clinical samples were also screened for metabolites. RESULTS Glucagon(3-29) and [pGlu](3) glucagon(3-29) were the major metabolites detected, both of which were also present in clinical samples. We also identified two oxidised forms of [pGlu](3) glucagon(3-29) as well as glucagon(19-29), or 'miniglucagon', along with the novel metabolites glucagon(20-29) and glucagon(21-29). The relative levels of these metabolites varied throughout the time-course experiment, and under the application of the different sample handling conditions. Aprotinin stabilisation of samples had negligible effect on metabolite formation. CONCLUSIONS Novel plasma protease metabolites of glucagon have been confirmed, and their formation characterised over a time-course experiment and under typical laboratory handling conditions. These metabolites could be monitored to assess the effectiveness of new sample stabilisation strategies, and further investigations into their formation could suggest specific enzyme inhibitors to use to increase sample stability. In addition the potential of the metabolites to affect immunochemistry-based assays as a result of cross-reactivity could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Howard
- LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, CB7 5WW, UK; Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Hill AR, Edgar M, Chatzigeorgiou M, Reynolds JC, Kelly PF, Creaser CS. Analysis of triacetone triperoxide complexes with alkali metal ions by electrospray and extractive electrospray ionisation combined with ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2015; 21:265-274. [PMID: 26307706 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) with a range of alkali metals has been studied by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry yield [M+Cat](+) ions for all of the alkali metals. The formation of [2TATP+Li+LiX](+) (X = Br, Cl) sandwich complexes was also observed. Collision cross- sections for the lithium-containing complexes of TATP were measured by travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry, and compared well with computationally determined structures. Extractive electrospray ionisation (EESI) using a lithium doped electrospray is demonstrated for the detection of TATP vapours desorbed from a metal surface. The limit of detection for EESI was shown to be 20 ng using the [TATP+Li](+) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Hill
- Centr e for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Mark Edgar
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Maria Chatzigeorgiou
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. m.chatzigeorgiou- 13@
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Paul F Kelly
- Cent re for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Colin S Creaser
- C entre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Reynolds JC, Jimoh MA, Guallar-Hoyas C, Creaser CS, Siddiqui S, Paul Thomas CL. Analysis of human breath samples using a modified thermal desorption: gas chromatography electrospray ionization interface. J Breath Res 2014; 8:037105. [PMID: 25190194 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/037105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A two-stage thermal desorption/secondary electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for faster targeted breath profiling has been studied. A new secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) source was devised to constrain the thermal desorption plume and promote efficient mixing in the ionization region. Further, a chromatographic pre-separation stage was introduced to suppress interferences from siloxanes associated with thermal desorption profiles of exhaled breath samples.In vitro tests with 5-nonanone indicated an increased sensitivity and a lowered limit-of-detection, both by a factor of ~4, the latter to an on-trap mass of 14.3 ng, equivalent to a sampled breath concentration of 967 pptv. Analysis of the mass spectrometric responses from 20 breath samples acquired sequentially from a single participant indicated enhanced reproducibility (reduced relative standard deviations (RSD) for 5-nonanone, benzaldehyde and 2-butanone were 28 %, 16% and 14% respectively. The corresponding values for an open SESI source were that 5-nonanone was not detected, with %RSD of 39% for benzaldehyde and 31% for 2-butanone).The constrained source with chromatographic pre-separation resulted in an increase in the number of detectable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 260 mass spectral peaks with an open SESI source to 541 peaks with the constrained source with pre-separation. Most of the observed VOCs were present at trace levels, at less than 2.5% of the intensity of the base peak.Seventeen 2.5 dm(3) distal breath samples were collected from asthma patients and healthy controls respectively, and subjected to comparative high-throughput screening using thermal desorption/SESI/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-SESI-ToFMS). Breath metabolites were detected by using a background siloxane ion (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane m/z 223.0642) as an internal lockmass. Eleven breath metabolites were selected from the breath research literature and successfully targeted. These data reinforce the proposition that TD-SESI-MS has potential for development as a rapid screening method for disease stratification and targeted metabolism profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Kay RG, Creaser CS. Application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques for the detection of protein doping in sports. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:185-8. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Devenport NA, Blenkhorn DJ, Weston DJ, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Direct determination of urinary creatinine by reactive-thermal desorption-extractive electrospray-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 86:357-61. [PMID: 24279641 PMCID: PMC3953925 DOI: 10.1021/ac403133t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A direct, ambient ionization method has been developed for the determination of creatinine in urine that combines derivatization and thermal desorption with extractive electrospray ionization and ion mobility-mass spectrometry. The volatility of creatinine was enhanced by a rapid on-probe aqueous acylation reaction, using a custom-made thermal desorption probe, allowing thermal desorption and ionization of the monoacylated derivative. The monoacyl creatinine [M + H](+) ion (m/z 156) was subjected to mass-to-charge selection and collision induced dissociation to remove the acyl group, generating the protonated creatinine [M + H](+) product ion at m/z 114 before an ion mobility separation was applied to reduce chemical noise. Stable isotope dilution using creatinine-d3 as internal standard was used for quantitative measurements. The direct on-probe derivatization allows high sample throughput with a typical cycle time of 1 min per sample. The method shows good linearity (R(2) = 0.986) and repeatability (%RSD 8-10%) in the range of 0.25-2.0 mg/mL. The creatinine concentrations in diluted urine samples from a healthy individual were determined to contain a mean concentration of 1.44 mg/mL creatinine with a precision (%RSD) of 9.9%. The reactive ambient ionization approach demonstrated here has potential for the determination of involatile analytes in urine and other biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Devenport
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Da Costa C, Reynolds JC, Whitmarsh S, Lynch T, Creaser CS. The quantitative surface analysis of an antioxidant additive in a lubricant oil matrix by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:2420-2424. [PMID: 24097398 PMCID: PMC3824236 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chemical additives are incorporated into commercial lubricant oils to modify the physical and chemical properties of the lubricant. The quantitative analysis of additives in oil-based lubricants deposited on a surface without extraction of the sample from the surface presents a challenge. The potential of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) for the quantitative surface analysis of an oil additive in a complex oil lubricant matrix without sample extraction has been evaluated. METHODS The quantitative surface analysis of the antioxidant additive octyl (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in an oil lubricant matrix was carried out by DESI-MS in the presence of 2-(pentyloxy)ethyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate as an internal standard. A quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer fitted with an in-house modified ion source enabling non-proximal DESI-MS was used for the analyses. RESULTS An eight-point calibration curve ranging from 1 to 80 µg/spot of octyl (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in an oil lubricant matrix and in the presence of the internal standard was used to determine the quantitative response of the DESI-MS method. The sensitivity and repeatability of the technique were assessed by conducting replicate analyses at each concentration. The limit of detection was determined to be 11 ng/mm(2) additive on spot with relative standard deviations in the range 3-14%. CONCLUSIONS The application of DESI-MS to the direct, quantitative surface analysis of a commercial lubricant additive in a native oil lubricant matrix is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Da Costa
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Samuel Whitmarsh
- Castrol, Technology CentreWhitchurch Hill, Pangbourne, Reading, RG8 7QR, UK
| | - Tom Lynch
- Castrol, Technology CentreWhitchurch Hill, Pangbourne, Reading, RG8 7QR, UK
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Biddle STB, O'Donnell A, Houghton E, Creaser CS. Metabolism of norethisterone in the greyhound. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:2229-2238. [PMID: 24019188 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Norethisterone has been used as a successful oral contraceptive in humans for many years. It was recently permitted for use as an oestrus suppressant in racing greyhounds. To monitor the use of norethisterone as part of a routine drug surveillance programme, knowledge of its metabolism was required to enable detection. METHODS Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selective derivatisation techniques have been used to identify urinary metabolites of norethisterone following oral administration to the greyhound. Metabolites were extracted using solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction techniques. RESULTS Several metabolites were identified, including reduced, mono-, di- and trihydroxylated steroids. The major metabolites observed were 17α-ethynyl-5β-estrane-3α,17β-diol, 17α-ethynyl-5α-estrane-3β,17β-diol, three 17α-ethynylestranetriol stereoisomers and two 17α-ethynylestranetetrol stereoisomers. The major metabolites were predominantly excreted as glucuronic acid conjugates and detection of the administration of norethisterone was possible for up to 8 days post-dose using the methods described. The nandrolone metabolites, 19-norepiandrosterone, estranediol and 19-noretiocholanolone, were also identified in the post-administration samples collected up to 8 h after dosing the treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The urinary metabolites identified in this study have further increased the knowledge of steroid metabolism in the greyhound, providing information to support routine drug testing programmes for greyhound racing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T B Biddle
- HFL Sport Science, Quotient Bioresearch, Newmarket Road, Fordham, CB7 5WW, UK
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16
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Devenport NA, Sealey LC, Alruways FH, Weston DJ, Reynolds JC, Creaser CS. Direct detection of a sulfonate ester genotoxic impurity by atmospheric-pressure thermal desorption-extractive electrospray-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6224-7. [PMID: 23750985 PMCID: PMC3949410 DOI: 10.1021/ac401054n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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A direct, ambient ionization method
has been developed using atmospheric
pressure thermal desorption–extractive electrospray–mass
spectrometry (AP/TD-EESI-MS) for the detection of the genotoxic impurity
(GTI) methyl p-toluenesulfonate (MTS) in a surrogate
pharmaceutical matrix. A custom-made thermal desorption probe was
used to the desorb and vaporize MTS from the solid state, by rapid
heating to 200 °C then cooling to ambient temperature, with a
cycle time of 6 min. The detection of MTS using EESI with a sodium
acetate doped solvent to generate the [MTS+Na]+ adduct
ion provided a significant sensitivity enhancement relative to the
[M+H]+ ion generated using a 0.1% formic acid solvent modifier.
The MTS detection limit is over an order of magnitude below the long-term
daily threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) of 1.5 μg/g and
the potential for quantitative analysis has been determined using
starch as a surrogate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Devenport
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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17
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J. Brown L, S. Creaser C. Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Analysis of Proteins and Peptides: A Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/157341113805219036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Wright VE, Castro-Gómez F, Jurneczko E, Reynolds JC, Poulton A, Christie SDR, Barran P, Bo C, Creaser CS. Structural studies of metal ligand complexes by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-013-0122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Smith RW, Toutoungi DE, Reynolds JC, Bristow AWT, Ray A, Sage A, Wilson ID, Weston DJ, Boyle B, Creaser CS. Enhanced performance in the determination of ibuprofen 1-β-O-acyl glucuronide in urine by combining high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry with liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:76-81. [PMID: 23336944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a chip-based high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) separation in the ultra (high)-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) determination of the (R/S) ibuprofen 1-β-O-acyl glucuronide metabolite in urine is reported. UHPLC-FAIMS-HRMS reduced matrix chemical noise, improved the limit of quantitation approximately two-fold and increased the linear dynamic range compared to the determination of the metabolite without FAIMS separation. A quantitative evaluation of the prototype UHPLC-FAIMS-HRMS system showed better reproducibility for the drug metabolite (%RSD 2.7%) at biologically relevant concentrations in urine. In-source collision induced dissociation of the FAIMS-selected deprotonated metabolite was used to fragment the ion prior to mass analysis, enhancing selectivity by removing co-eluting species and aiding the qualitative identification of the metabolite by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Smith
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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21
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Reynolds JC, Chew MQ, Martin HJ, Stubbs EC, Waters MA, Crotty SC, Silvestre-Gonzalez V, Chan Y, Thomas CLP, Page PCB, Creaser CS, Heaney H. Gas-phase and solution studies of three resorcin[4]arene derivatives using electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2013; 19:253-263. [PMID: 24575624 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been used to study the relative gas-phase proton and alkali metal (Li, Na, K and Cs) binding affinities of three different resorcin[4]arenes using the kinetic method. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) was used to study the fragmentation of resorcin[4]arene heterodimer sandwich complexes, allowing the relative binding affinity order to be established. All the alkali metal cations have the same gas-phase binding affinity order with the resorcin[4]arene host molecules. At collision energies of > or = 13eV, one of the [resorcin[4]arene+Metal]+, (Metal = Li, Na, K) ions fragmented through break-up of the resorcin[4]arene, whilst the other host resorcin[4]arene remained intact, causing an apparent change in binding affinity at high collision energy. This effect was not observed with caesium, since all complex ions dissociated readily under CID by displacement of the caesium cation. The binding affinity for the protonated resorcin[4]arenes was found to be different from the alkali metal cation binding affinity because of the higher proton affinity of the nitrogen-containing resorcin[4]arenes. It is shown that resorcin[4]arenes containing an oxazine ring can be converted into a ring-opened derivative via an Eschweiler-CLarke reaction in the presence of formic acid. A second ring-opening process also occurs, including a hydrolysis reaction that results in apparent Losses of 12 mass units from the intact resorcin[4]arene. Both these reactions occur in solution before mass spectrometric investigation and cannot be achieved by CID. This observation was confirmed by inducing the Eschweiter-CLarke reaction in a model benzoxazine compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Mei Q Chew
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Helen J Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emma C Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Marguerite A Waters
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Sarah C Crotty
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | | | - Yohan Chan
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C L Paul Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Philip C Bulman Page
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Harry Heaney
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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22
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Matharoo-Ball B, Ratcliffe L, Lancashire L, Ugurel S, Miles AK, Weston DJ, Rees R, Schadendorf D, Ball G, Creaser CS. Diagnostic biomarkers differentiating metastatic melanoma patients from healthy controls identified by an integrated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry/bioinformatic approach. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 1:605-20. [PMID: 21136712 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced metastatic melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV) remains dismal with a 5-year survival rate of 6-18%. In the present study, an integrated MALDI mass spectrometric approach combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) analysis and modeling has been used for the identification of biomarker ions in serum from stage IV melanoma patients allowing the discrimination of metastatic disease from healthy status with high specificities of 92% for protein ions and 100% for peptide biomarkers. Our ANNs model also correctly classified 98% of a blind validation set of AJCC stage I melanoma samples as nonstage IV samples, emphasizing the power of the newly defined biomarkers to identify patients with late-stage metastatic melanoma. Sequence analysis identified peptides derived from metastasis-associated proteins; alpha 1-acid glycoprotein precursor-1/2 (AAG-1/2) and complement C3 component precursor-1 (CCCP-1). Furthermore, quantitation of serum AAG by an immunoassay showed a significant (p<0.001) increase in AAG serum concentration in stage IV patients in comparison with healthy volunteers; moreover; the quantity of AAG plotted against MALDI-MS peak intensity classified the groups into two distinct clusters. Ongoing studies of other disease stages will provide evidence whether our strategy is sufficiently robust to give rise to stage-specific protein/peptide signatures in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwir Matharoo-Ball
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
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23
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Devenport NA, Reynolds JC, Weston DJ, Wilson ID, Creaser CS. Direct extraction of urinary analytes from undeveloped reversed-phase thin layer chromatography plates using a solvent gradient combined with on-line electrospray ionisation ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:3510-3. [PMID: 22724122 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct extraction of urinary analytes deposited on reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) plates is demonstrated using a solvent gradient extraction procedure without prior chromatographic development. The surface sample probe TLC-MS interface used for the gradient extraction is compared to direct loop injection into the electrospray ion source for biofluid profiling. The gradient elution is shown to enhance ion intensities, as urinary salts are eluted in aqueous formic acid in the early part of the gradient reducing ion suppression. The retention of urinary components on the C18 RP-TLC plate was confirmed by monitoring analyte responses with, and without, an aqueous wash phase prior to the solvent gradient extraction. The use of gradient elution allows fractionation of the complex biological matrix as a result of differential retention of urine components on the undeveloped RP-TLC plate. The direct gradient analysis of TLC plates has also been combined with ion mobility-mass spectrometry to further resolve the complex urinary profile and identify co-eluting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Devenport
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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24
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Brown LJ, Smith RW, Toutoungi DE, Reynolds JC, Bristow AWT, Ray A, Sage A, Wilson ID, Weston DJ, Boyle B, Creaser CS. Enhanced analyte detection using in-source fragmentation of field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-selected ions in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4095-103. [PMID: 22455620 DOI: 10.1021/ac300212r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized ultra high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is used for the selective transmission of differential mobility-selected ions prior to in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) analysis. The FAIMS-in-source collision induced dissociation-TOFMS (FISCID-MS) method requires only minor modification of the ion source region of the mass spectrometer and is shown to significantly enhance analyte detection in complex mixtures. Improved mass measurement accuracy and simplified product ion mass spectra were observed following FAIMS preselection and subsequent in-source CID of ions derived from pharmaceutical excipients, sufficiently close in m/z (17.7 ppm mass difference) that they could not be resolved by TOFMS alone. The FISCID-MS approach is also demonstrated for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of peptides with FAIMS used to filter out unrelated precursor ions thereby simplifying the resulting product ion mass spectra. Liquid chromatography combined with FISCID-MS was applied to the analysis of coeluting model peptides and tryptic peptides derived from human plasma proteins, allowing precursor ion selection and CID to yield product ion data suitable for peptide identification via database searching. The potential of FISCID-MS for the quantitative determination of a model peptide spiked into human plasma in the range of 0.45-9.0 μg/mL is demonstrated, showing good reproducibility (%RSD < 14.6%) and linearity (R(2) > 0.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Brown
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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25
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Devenport NA, Reynolds JC, Parkash V, Cook J, Weston DJ, Creaser CS. Determination of free desmosine and isodesmosine as urinary biomarkers of lung disorder using ultra performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3797-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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26
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Huo R, Agapiou A, Bocos-Bintintan V, Brown LJ, Burns C, Creaser CS, Devenport NA, Gao-Lau B, Guallar-Hoyas C, Hildebrand L, Malkar A, Martin HJ, Moll VH, Patel P, Ratiu A, Reynolds JC, Sielemann S, Slodzynski R, Statheropoulos M, Turner MA, Vautz W, Wright VE, Thomas CLP. The trapped human experiment. J Breath Res 2011; 5:046006. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/4/046006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Stephenson GR, Anson CE, Creaser CS, Daul CA. Spectroscopic, Structural and DFT Study of the Responses of Carbonylmetal Crown Ether Complexes to Alkali Metal Cations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Richard Stephenson
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK, Fax: +44‐1603‐592003
| | - Christopher E. Anson
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Claude A. Daul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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28
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Kaur-Atwal G, Reynolds JC, Mussell C, Champarnaud E, Knapman TW, Ashcroft AE, O'Connor G, Christie SDR, Creaser CS. Determination of testosterone and epitestosterone glucuronides in urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:3911-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15450h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brown LJ, Toutoungi DE, Devenport NA, Reynolds JC, Kaur-Atwal G, Boyle P, Creaser CS. Miniaturized ultra high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry for peptide analysis. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9827-34. [PMID: 21049936 DOI: 10.1021/ac102125u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized ultra high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (ultra-FAIMS) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied to the analysis of standard and tryptic peptides, derived from α-1-acid glycoprotein, using electrospray and nanoelectrospray ion sources. Singly and multiply charged peptide ions were separated in the gas phase using ultra-FAIMS and detected by ion trap and time-of-flight MS. The small compensation voltage (CV) window for the transmission of singly charged ions demonstrates the ability of ultra-FAIMS-MS to generate pseudo-peptide mass fingerprints that may be used to simplify spectra and identify proteins by database searching. Multiply charged ions required a higher CV for transmission, and ions with different amino acid sequences may be separated on the basis of their differential ion mobility. A partial separation of conformers was also observed for the doubly charged ion of bradykinin. Selection on the basis of charge state and differential mobility prior to tandem mass spectrometry facilitates peptide and protein identification by allowing precursor ions to be identified with greater selectivity, thus reducing spectral complexity and enhancing MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Brown
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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31
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Kay RG, Barton C, Velloso CP, Brown PR, Bartlett C, Blazevich AJ, Godfrey RJ, Goldspink G, Rees R, Ball GR, Cowan DA, Harridge SD, Roberts J, Teale P, Creaser CS. High-throughput ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantitation of insulin-like growth factor-I and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein in serum as biomarkers of recombinant human growth hormone administration. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:3173-3182. [PMID: 19718777 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a known biomarker of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) abuse, and is also used clinically to confirm acromegaly. The protein leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) was recently identified as a putative biomarker of rhGH administration. The combination of an ACN depletion method and a 5-min ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (uHPLC/MS/MS)-based selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay detected both IGF-I and LRG at endogenous concentrations. Four eight-point standard addition curves of IGF-I (16-2000 ng/mL) demonstrated good linearity (r(2) = 0.9991 and coefficients of variance (CVs) <13%). Serum samples from two rhGH administrations were extracted and their uHPLC/MS/MS-derived IGF-I concentrations correlated well against immunochemistry-derived values. Combining IGF-I and LRG data improved the separation of treated and placebo states compared with IGF-I alone, further strengthening the hypothesis that LRG is a biomarker of rhGH administration. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) analysis of the LRG and IGF-I data demonstrated an improved model over that developed using IGF-I alone, with a predictive accuracy of 97%, specificity of 96% and sensitivity of 100%. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis gave an AUC value of 0.98. This study demonstrates the first large scale and high throughput uHPLC/MS/MS-based quantitation of a medium abundance protein (IGF-I) in human serum. Furthermore, the data we have presented for the quantitative analysis of IGF-I suggest that, in this case, monitoring a single SRM transition to a trypsin peptide surrogate is a valid approach to protein quantitation by LC/MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Kay
- Drug Development Services, Quotient Bioresearch Ltd., Fordham CB7 5WW, UK.
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Harry EL, Reynolds JC, Bristow AWT, Wilson ID, Creaser CS. Direct analysis of pharmaceutical formulations from non-bonded reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography plates by desorption electrospray ionisation ion mobility mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:2597-2604. [PMID: 19630035 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and active ingredients from non-bonded reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) plates by desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) combined with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is reported. The analysis of formulations containing analgesic (paracetamol), decongestant (ephedrine), opiate (codeine) and stimulant (caffeine) active pharmaceutical ingredients is described, with and without chromatographic development to separate the active ingredients from the excipient formulation. Selectivity was enhanced by combining ion mobility and mass spectrometry to characterise the desorbed gas-phase analyte ions on the basis of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and gas-phase ion mobility (drift time). The solvent composition of the DESI spray using a step gradient was varied to optimise the desorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the RP-TLC plates. The combined RP-TLC/DESI-IM-MS approach has potential as a rapid and selective technique for pharmaceutical analysis by orthogonal gas-phase electrophoretic and mass-to-charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Harry
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Abstract
Companion animals are exposed to similar environmental conditions and carcinogens as humans. In some animal cancers, there also appears to be the same genetic changes associated as in humans. However, little work has been carried out in cancer biomarker identification in animals. The recent dramatic advances in molecular medicine, genomics, proteomics and translational research will allow biomarker identification, which may provide the best strategies for veterinarians and clinicians to combat disease by early diagnosis and administration of effective treatments. Proteomics may have important applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and predictive clinical outcome that could directly change clinical practice by affecting critical elemen-ts of care and management. This review summarizes the advances in proteomics that has propelled us to this exciting age of clinical proteomics, and highlights the future work that is required for this to become a reality. In this review, we will discuss the available proteomic technologies and their limitations, and highlight the key areas of research and how they have been used to discover cancer biomarkers. The principles described here are equally applicable to human and animal disease, but implementation of 'omic' technologies requires stringent guidelines for collection of clinical material, the application of analytical techniques and interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Matharoo-Ball
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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34
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Howdle MD, Eckers C, Laures AMF, Creaser CS. The use of shift reagents in ion mobility-mass spectrometry: studies on the complexation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient with polyethylene glycol excipients. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009; 20:1-9. [PMID: 18974011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion mobility studies of mixtures containing polyethylene glycols (PEG) and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), lamivudine, have been carried out using electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-IMS-Q-TOF). In addition to protonated and cationized PEG oligomers, a series of high molecular weight ions were observed and identified as noncovalent complexes formed between lamivudine and PEG oligomers. The noncovalent complex ions were dissociated using collision induced dissociation (CID) after separation in the ion mobility drift tube to recover the protonated lamivudine free from interfering matrix ions and with a drift time associated with the precursor complex. The potential of PEG excipients to act as "shift reagents," which enhance selectivity by moving the mass/mobility locus to an area of the spectrum away from interferences, is demonstrated for the analysis of lamivudine in a Combivir formulation containing PEG and lamivudine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Howdle
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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35
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Langley MN, Chopra RK, Creaser CS, Taylor RJK, Rose MD, Startin JR, Lee HA, Morgan MRA. Immunoprobes for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins: Synthesis of immunogen and characterization of antibodies. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09540109209354763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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36
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Harry EL, Weston DJ, Bristow AW, Wilson ID, Creaser CS. An approach to enhancing coverage of the urinary metabonome using liquid chromatography–ion mobility–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:357-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Kaur-Atwal G, Weston DJ, Bonner PL, Crosland S, Green PS, Creaser CS. Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography for the Analysis of Proteins and Peptides. CURR ANAL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.2174/157341108784587777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) has become an established purification procedure for the selective isolation of proteins, peptides and post-translationally modified peptides, using a wide range of metal ions, including Cu(II), Fe(III) and Ga(III). Recently, the potential of interfacing capillary IMAC with mass spectrometry has been explored. This article reviews the development and use of IMAC in protein/peptide analysis, highlighting the benefits of capillary columns and their application to IMAC based enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Colin S. Creaser
- Department of Chemistry,Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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Kaur-Atwal G, Weston DJ, Green PS, Crosland S, Bonner PLR, Creaser CS. On-line capillary column immobilised metal affinity chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for the selective analysis of histidine-containing peptides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 857:240-5. [PMID: 17681498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary column immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) has been combined on-line with electrospray ionisation/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the fractionation of histidine-containing peptides. IMAC beads (Poros 20MC, 20 microm) containing imidodiacetate chelating groups on a cross-linked poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) support were packed into a fused silica column (250 microm i.d.), which was interfaced to the electrospray ion source of the spectrometer. A Cu(II) activated column was used to isolate histidine-containing peptides from tryptic and other peptide mixtures with an average breakthrough of 9.1%, to reduce the complexity of the mass spectral analysis. The analysis cycle time was reduced to less than 15 min, at an optimum flow rate of 7.5 microL/min, without sacrificing peptide selectivity. Direct coupling of capillary IMAC with MS allows on-line separation, using MS compatible loading and elution buffers, and detection in a high-throughput fashion when compared to off-line strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gushinder Kaur-Atwal
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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39
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Kaur-Atwal G, Weston DJ, Green PS, Crosland S, Bonner PLR, Creaser CS. Analysis of tryptic peptides using desorption electrospray ionisation combined with ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007; 21:1131-8. [PMID: 17318928 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel method is reported for rapid protein identification by the analysis of tryptic peptides using desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) coupled with hyphenated ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IMS/Q-ToF-MS). Confident protein identification is demonstrated for the analysis of tryptically digested bovine serum albumin (BSA), with no sample pre-treatment or clean-up. Electrophoretic ion mobility separation of ions generated by DESI allowed examination of charge-state and mobility distributions for tryptic peptide mixtures. Selective interrogation of singly charged ions allowed isobaric peptide responses to be distinguished, along with a reduction in spectral noise. The mobility-selected singly charged peptide responses were presented as a pseudo-peptide mass fingerprint (p-PMF) for protein database searching. Comparative data are shown for electrospray ionisation (ESI) of the BSA digest, without sample clean-up, from which confident protein identification could not be made. Implications for the robustness of the DESI method, together with potential insights into mechanisms for DESI of proteolytic digests, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gushinder Kaur-Atwal
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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40
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Budimir N, Weston DJ, Creaser CS. Analysis of pharmaceutical formulations using atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography and nano-electrospray ionisation. Analyst 2007; 132:34-40. [PMID: 17180177 DOI: 10.1039/b612796g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hyphenation of liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry is reported using a custom-made dynamic nano-electrospray ionisation (nano-ESI) interface. The analysis of pharmaceutical actives is described, including beta blocker (timolol), antidepressant (paroxetine), analgesic (paracetamol) and opiate (codeine) preparations. On-line ultraviolet diode array (UV) spectroscopic detection was used prior to sample ionisation, to evaluate chromatographic and nano-ESI interface performance. Active drug responses were characterised by chromatographic retention time and electrophoretic ion mobility drift time, and selected ion mobility responses were used to evaluate method performance. Limits of detection for active drugs were in the low-nmol to pmol range. Quantitative responses were investigated using a series of standard solutions of caffeine, showing good linearity (R(2) = 0.9982, n = 6) and reproducibility (RSD = 2.3 %, n = 6). The analysis of an over the counter pharmaceutical formulation demonstrates the potential of ion mobility spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography and nano-electrospray ionisation for the rapid determination of active drugs, as a result of the electrophoretic separation and selectivity afforded by IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Budimir
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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41
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Creaser CS, Green PS, Kilby PM, Ratcliffe L. Capillary liquid chromatography/atmospheric-pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry: a comparison with liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight for the identification of tryptic peptides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2006; 20:829-36. [PMID: 16470569 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric-pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap (AP-MALDI-QIT) analysis of tryptic peptides is reported following capillary liquid chromatographic (LC) separation and direct analysis of a protein digest. Peptide fragments were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting from mass spectrometric data and sequence analysis obtained by tandem mass spectrometry of the principal mass spectral peaks using a data-dependent scanning protocol. These data were compared with those from mass spectrometric analysis using capillary LC/MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) and capillary LC/electrospray ionisation (ESI)-quadrupole TOF. For all three configurations the resulting data were searched against the MSDB database, using MASCOT and the sequence coverage compared for each technique. Complementary data were obtained using the three techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Creaser
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Weston DJ, Bateman R, Wilson ID, Wood TR, Creaser CS. Direct Analysis of Pharmaceutical Drug Formulations Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry/Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2005; 77:7572-80. [PMID: 16316164 DOI: 10.1021/ac051277q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the rapid analysis of pharmaceutical drug formulations using hyphenated ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS) that requires no sample pretreatment or chromatographic separation is described. A modified quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer containing an ion mobility drift cell was used for gas-phase electrophoretic separation of ions prior to ToF-MS detection. The generation of sample ions directly from tablets and cream formulations was effected by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) using a modified electrospray ion source. The analysis of a range of over-the-counter and prescription tablet formulations is described, including histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine), analgesic (paracetamol), opiate (codeine), and aromatase inhibitor anticancer (anastrozole) drugs. The successful determination of active drugs from soft formulations, such as an antiseptic cream (chlorhexidine) and a nicotine-containing skin patch, is also presented. Limits of detection for the active drugs using the DESI/IMS/ToF-MS method fell within the high-picomole to nanomole range. In all cases, the use of ion mobility drift tube separation showed increased selectivity for active drug responses (present as low as 0.14% w/w) over excipient responses such as poly(ethylene glycol). Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of precursor ions separated by IMS allowed positive confirmation of active drugs with little loss of ion mobility efficiency. The ability to analyze hard or soft pharmaceutical formulations directly by DESI combined with ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry in approximately 2 min demonstrates the potential applicability of this novel method to pharmaceutical screening of low-molecular-weight drug formulations with high selectivity over the formulation vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weston
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, UK
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Creaser CS, Griffiths JR, Bramwell CJ, Noreen S, Hill CA, Thomas CLP. Ion mobility spectrometry: a review. Part 1. Structural analysis by mobility measurement. Analyst 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b404531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Creaser CS, Reynolds JC, Hoteling AJ, Nichols WF, Owens KG. Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers: a comparison with vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2003; 9:33-44. [PMID: 12748400 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap (AP-MALDI/QIT) mass spectrometry has been investigated for the analysis of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500) and a hyperbranched polymer (polyglycidol) in the presence of alkali-metal salts. Mass spectra of PEG 1500 obtained at atmospheric pressure showed dimetallated matrix/analyte adducts, in addition to the expected alkali-metal/PEG ions, for all matrix/alkali-metal salt combinations. The relative intensities of the desorbed ions were dependent on the matrix, the alkali-metal salt added to aid cationisation and the ion trap interface conditions [capillary temperature, in-source collisionally-induced dissociation (CID)]. These data indicate that the adducts are rapidly stabilised by collisional cooling enabling them to be transferred into the ion trap. Experiments using identical sample preparation conditions were carried out on a vacuum MALDI time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer. In all cases, vacuum MALDI-ToF spectra showed only alkali-metal/PEG ions and no matrix/analyte adducts. The tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) capability of the ion trap has been demonstrated for a lithiated polyglycol yielding a rich fragment-ion spectrum. Analysis of the hyperbranched polymer polyglycidol by AP-MALDI/QIT reveals the characteristic ion series for these polymers as also observed under vacuum MALDI-ToF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Creaser
- School of Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, UK
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Creaser CS, Lamarca DG, dos Santos LMF, New AP, James PA. A universal temperature controlled membrane interface for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Analyst 2003; 128:1150-6. [PMID: 14529022 DOI: 10.1039/b305085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A universal temperature controlled membrane interface (TCMI) has been constructed for hollow-fibre membranes. The membrane temperature is controllable in the range -70 to 250 degrees C using an electric heater and a flow of cooled nitrogen or helium gas. Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds may be detected either by continuous diffusion across the membrane or by in-membrane pre-concentration followed by thermal desorption into the detector. The TCMI interface is demonstrated in combination with mass spectrometry and GC-MS, for the determination of VOCs and SVOCs in aqueous and air samples and for the on-line monitoring of a bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Creaser
- School of Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK NG11 8NS.
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47
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Bramwell CJ, Colgrave ML, Creaser CS, Dennis R. Development and evaluation of a nano-electrospray ionisation source for atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry. Analyst 2002; 127:1467-70. [PMID: 12475036 DOI: 10.1039/b206847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nano-electrospray ionisation source has been designed and constructed for a high temperature ion mobility spectrometer. The drift cell was modified by replacement of the 63Ni atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation source with a tube lens/desolvation region and operated using commercial nano-electrospray capillaries. Ions were introduced into the drift region via a Bradbury-Nielson gate (pulse width 50 micros, repetition period 20 ms). A unidirectional flow of nitrogen was used as the drift gas at temperatures in the range 100-150 degrees C to aid desolvation. The performance of the nano-electrospray ion source has been demonstrated for analytes including crown ethers, amino acids and peptides. Reduced mobilities determined by nano-ESI were consistent with those reported using a 63Ni ion source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Bramwell
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Nottingham Trent University, UK
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Bonner PLR, Lill JR, Hill S, Creaser CS, Rees RC. Electrospray mass spectrometry for the identification of MHC class I-associated peptides expressed on cancer cells. J Immunol Methods 2002; 262:5-19. [PMID: 11983215 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used extensively for the detection of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This review focuses on the optimisation of electrospray mass spectrometry and the use of tandem mass spectrometry to sequence MHC class I peptides. We review the isolation of MHC class I peptides from the surface of cells with particular reference to tumour cells. In addition, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods available to concentrate and fractionate the peptides prior to analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L R Bonner
- Department of Life Sciences, The Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS, UK.
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50
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Creaser CS, Reynolds JC, Harvey DJ. Structural analysis of oligosaccharides by atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2002; 16:176-184. [PMID: 11803538 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ion source incorporating a fibre optic interface has been constructed for atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The configuration has been applied to the study of linear and complex oligosaccharides. Multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn, n = 2-4) experiments carried out in the ion trap enable extended fragmentation pathways to be investigated that yield structural information. Collisional activation of sodiated oligosaccharides, as demonstrated on the model compound maltoheptaose, produces primarily B and Y fragments resulting from cleavage of glycosidic bonds; fragments from cross-ring cleavages are also observed following further stages of tandem mass spectrometry, providing additional linkage information. The analyses of mixtures of complex oligosaccharides are demonstrated for N-linked glycans from chicken egg glycoproteins and a ribonuclease glycan mixture. Mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric data for sugars with molecular weights up to 4000 Da is shown for mixtures of linear dextrans and N-linked glycans. The use of MSn (n = 3, 4) on these complex molecules enabled structural information to be elucidated that confirms data observed in the MS/MS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Creaser
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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