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Ma YJ, Zhang L, Zhu BW, Du M, Xu XB. Theory and protocol of dual mode unity solid-phase microextraction. Talanta 2024; 270:125573. [PMID: 38141469 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) bias problem limits comprehensive analysis of volatile compounds in real samples. The study introduces dual mode unity solid-phase microextraction (DMU-SPME) as a novel SPME mode to achieve balanced extraction of both volatile and low-volatile compounds. The DMU-SPME method exhibits excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994), low quantitation limits (0.12-240 μg/L), and notable stability (relative standard deviations below 20 % for both intra-day and inter-day analyses). In practical application to soy sauce, the DMU-SPME method identified a total of 107 compounds, encompassing all those detected by both headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME). Theoretical insights indicate that DMU-SPME is less influenced by Kfs0 and Kfs in comparison to HS/DI-SPME, rendering it suitable for complex matrices containing both volatile and low-volatile compounds. In conclusion, DMU-SPME emerges as a highly effective extraction mode for analyzing volatile and low-volatile compounds in food, medical, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiao Ma
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Ming Du
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xian-Bing Xu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Koonani S, Ghiasvand A. A comprehensive theory for vacuum-assisted headspace extraction of solid samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464465. [PMID: 37907003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum-assisted headspace extraction (VA-HSE) has proven to be an efficient solution for the rapid and effective extraction of volatile and semi-volatile species. The research has been mainly focused on liquid samples by considering differences in Henry's constants, while the accelerating effect of vacuum is more significant and practically more important in solid samples with complex matrices. Nevertheless, the lack of a comprehensive theory for VA-HSE in solid samples, based on the adsorption/desorption phenomena, is quite evident. This research was done with the aim of modeling VA-HSE of solid samples from a thermodynamic point of view. To understand the impact and mechanism of reduced pressure, the sampling space was divided into three separate areas including the solid matrix (the surface and cavities of the solid sample), the headspace of the sample, and the extraction phase (the surface and cavities of the adsorbent). The effects of vacuum on the movement of analyte molecules in all three areas were investigated and included in a comprehensive equation. According to the theoretical model, when a solid sample is subjected to vacuum conditions, the enthalpy of the analytes in their free state decreases. As a result, the analytes become more volatile. Additionally, vacuum reduces the thickness of the boundary layer in solid samples. This facilitates the diffusion of analyte molecules into the cavities within the solid material and eventually into the headspace of the sample. A similar effect is observed on the extractive phase side when vacuum is applied. The reduction in boundary layer thickness promotes the adsorption of analytes onto the extractive phase, thereby facilitating a quicker equilibrium of analyte concentration in the extraction phase. The proposed model was validated by correlating it with the experimental data found in the literature. The results of this analysis have shown a robust correlation between the theoretical model and the experimental data, bolstering the reliability of the model, and highlighting its practical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Koonani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Moreira-Leite B, Antunes R, Cotas J, Martins N, Costa N, Noronha JP, Mata P, Diniz M. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) for Seaweed Conservation: Impact on Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Activity. Foods 2023; 12:2736. [PMID: 37509828 PMCID: PMC10379051 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional conservation techniques such as drying, salting or freezing do not allow for preserving the original characteristics of seaweeds. The present work aims to study the impact of minimal processing, in particular "Modified Atmosphere Packaging" (MAP), on the physicochemical characteristics and food safety of two seaweed species, "laver" (Porphyra umbilicalis) and "sea-lettuce" (Ulva lactuca), stored at 6 °C for 15 days. Different parameters were evaluated using analytical methods, namely the composition of headspace gases, color, texture, microorganisms, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main findings of this study were that the MAP treatment was able to inhibit the respiration rate of minimally processed seaweeds, also preserving their color and texture. There was a remarkable reduction in the microbial load for P. umbilicalis treated under modified and vacuum atmospheres, and U. lactuca exhibited relatively steady values with no notable differences between the treatments and the control. Therefore, during the 15-day study period, both seaweeds met the requirements for food safety. GC-TOF-MS allowed to conclude that both MAP and vacuum treatments were more efficient in maintaining the odor characteristics of U. lactuca compared to P. umbilicalis with no significant differences throughout the storage days. Metabolic responses to diverse sources of abiotic stress seemed to account for most of the changes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moreira-Leite
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rafael Antunes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Martins
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João P Noronha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulina Mata
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Ma YJ, Zhou T, Jiang W, Zhu BW, Du M, Xu XB. Balanced extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds by dynamic linked position unity solid-phase microextraction. Food Chem 2023; 407:135160. [PMID: 36508869 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the compound profiles in extracts are linked to the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) position (headspace or liquid), a theoretical interpretation of this scenario has not yet been provided. In this study, the dynamic linked position unity (DLPU)-SPME is proposed as a method that allows balanced extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Furthermore, the pH, temperature, and salt were confirmed as the key factors affecting the extraction efficiency of DLPU-SPME. Theoretical calculations indicated that Kfs0Kfs is a key factor directly indicating the SPME extraction position (Kfs0Kfs > 1, headspace; Kfs0Kfs = 1, any position; Kfs0Kfs < 1, in liquid), while the target analytes determined that VhKhs+VsVeKfhKhs regulates the effect of the extraction position on the extracted amount. The proposed DLPU-SPME method containing both extraction positions (i.e., headspace and liquid) can simultaneously extract volatile and semi-volatile compounds, thus avoiding extraction bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiao Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Bing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Nazdrajić E, Murtada K, Rickert DA, Pawliszyn J. Coupling of Solid-Phase Microextraction Directly to Mass Spectrometry via an Improved Microfluidic Open Interface to Facilitate High-Throughput Determinations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37004172 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry analysis can be performed by introducing samples directly to mass spectrometry, allowing the increase of the analysis throughput; however, some disadvantages of direct-to-mass spectrometry analysis include susceptibility to matrix effects and risk of instrument contamination from inadequate sample preparation. Solid-phase microextraction is one of the most suitable sample preparation methods for direct-to-mass spectrometry analysis, as it offers matrix-compatible coatings which ensure analyte enrichment with minimal or no interference from matrix. One of the ways solid-phase microextraction can be coupled directly to mass spectrometry is via a microfluidic open interface. This manuscript reports improvements made to the initial microfluidic open interface design, where the system components have been simplified to mostly commercially available materials. In addition, the analysis of samples has been automated by implementing software that fully controls the analysis workflow, where the washing procedure is optimized to completely reduce the carryover. Herein, the extraction and desorption time profiles from thin and thick SPME devices was studied where the overall workflow consisted of high-throughput sample preparation of 1.3 min per 96 samples and <1 min per sample instrumental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel A Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Olia AEA, Mohadesi A, Feizy J. A Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Protocol Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection for the Determination of Ochratoxin in Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Li W, Gu Y, Liu Z, Hua R, Wu X, Xue J. Development of a polyurethane-coated thin film solid phase microextraction device for multi-residue monitoring of pesticides in fruit and tea beverages. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200661. [PMID: 36373185 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel solid-phase microextraction device coated with an efficient and cheap thin film of polyurethane was developed for trace determination of 13 widely used pesticides in fruit and tea beverages. A round-shaped polyurethane film covering the bottom of a glass vial was fabricated as the sorbent to exhibit a superior capacity for preconcentrating target compounds and reducing matrix interferences. After optimization of the key parameters including the film type, extraction time, solution pH, ionic strength, desorption solvent, and conditions, this device allowed an efficient adsorption-desorption cycle for the pesticides accomplished in one vial. Coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection, the polyurethane-coated thin film microextraction method was successfully established and applied for the analysis of real fruit and tea drinks, showing low limits of detection (0.001-0.015 μg/L), wide linear ranges (1.0-500.0 μg/L, r2 > 0.9931), good relative recoveries (77.2%-106.3%) and negligible matrix effects (86.1%-107.5%) for the target pesticides. The proposed approach revealed strong potential of extending its application by flexibly modifying the type or size of the coating film. This study provides insights into the enrichment of contaminants from complex samples using inexpensive and reusable microextraction devices that can limit the environmental and health impact of the sample preparation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ying Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zikun Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
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An Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Methyl Farnesoate Released in Growth Medium by Daphnia pulex. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238591. [PMID: 36500684 PMCID: PMC9736775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methyl farnesoate (MF), a juvenile hormone, can influence phenotypic traits and stimulates male production in daphnids. MF is produced endogenously in response to stressful conditions, but it is not known whether this hormone can also be released into the environment to mediate stress signaling. In the present study, for the first time, a reliable solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the ultra-trace analysis of MF released in growth medium by Daphnia pulex maintained in presence of crowding w/o MK801, a putative upstream inhibitor of MF endogenous production. Two different clonal lineages, I and S clones, which differ in the sensitivity to the stimuli leading to male production, were also compared. A detection limit of 1.3 ng/L was achieved, along with good precision and trueness, thus enabling the quantitation of MF at ultra-trace level. The achieved results demonstrated the release of MF by both clones at the 20 ng/L level in control conditions, whereas a significant decrease in the presence of crowding was assessed. As expected, a further reduction was obtained in the presence of MK801. These findings strengthen the link between environmental stimuli and the MF signaling pathway. Daphnia pulex, by releasing the juvenile hormone MF in the medium, could regulate population dynamics by means of an autoregulatory feedback loop that controls the intra- and extra-individual-level release of MF produced by endogenous biosynthesis.
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9
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Zhang YC, Lin QB, Zhong HN, Zeng Y. Identification and source analysis of volatile flavor compounds in paper packaged yogurt by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Solid-Phase Microextraction—Gas Chromatography Analytical Strategies for Pesticide Analysis. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5050082. [PMID: 36287054 PMCID: PMC9609045 DOI: 10.3390/mps5050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their extensive use and the globalized commerce of agricultural goods, pesticides have become a global concern. Despite the undoubtful advantages of their use in agricultural practices, their misuse is a threat to the environment and human health. Their analysis in environmental samples and in food products continues to gain interest in the analytical chemistry community as they are challenging matrices, and legal concentration limits are particularly low (in the order of ppb). In particular, the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained special attention in this field thanks to its potential to minimize the matrix effect, while enriching its concentration, allowing very low limits of detection, and without the need of a large amount of solvents or lengthy procedures. Moreover, its combination with gas chromatography (GC) can be easily automated, making it a very interesting approach for routine analysis. In this review, advances and analytical strategies for the use of SPME coupled with GC are discussed and compared for the analysis of pesticides in food and environmental samples, hopefully encouraging its further development and routine application in this field.
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11
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Riboni N, Amorini M, Bianchi F, Pedrini A, Pinalli R, Dalcanale E, Careri M. Ultra-sensitive solid-phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow samples using a deep cavity BenzoQxCavitand. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135144. [PMID: 35660393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A very sensitive and selective solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method based on the use of a deep cavity BenzoQxCavitand as innovative coating was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the 16 US-EPA priority pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snow samples at ultra-trace levels. The presence of a 8.3 Å deep hydrophobic cavity allowed the engulfment of all the 16 PAHs, providing enhanced selectivity also in presence of interfering aromatic pollutants at high concentration levels. Validation proved the reliability of the method for the determination of the investigated compounds achieving detection limits in the 0.03-0.30 ng/L range, good precision, with relative standard deviations <18% and recovery rates in the 90.8(±2.1)%-109.6(±1.0)%. The detection of low-molecular weight PAHs in snow samples from Antarctica and Alps confirms the widespread occurrence of these compounds, thus assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities onto the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Riboni
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Amorini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; University of Parma, Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), Parco Area delle Scienze 42, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - A Pedrini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - R Pinalli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - E Dalcanale
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - M Careri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Alimzhanova M, Mamedova M, Ashimuly K, Alipuly A, Adilbekov Y. Miniaturized solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of endocrine disruptors in drinking water. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100345. [PMID: 35663598 PMCID: PMC9156867 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mereke Alimzhanova
- al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Physics and Technology, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Madina Mamedova
- al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Physics and Technology, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Kazhybek Ashimuly
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alham Alipuly
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Adilbekov
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050012 Almaty, Kazakhstan
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13
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Godage NH, Gionfriddo E. Biocompatible SPME coupled to GC/MS for analysis of xenobiotics in blood plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1203:123308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Evaluation of the Biological Potential of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell Subcritical Water Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050746. [PMID: 35267379 PMCID: PMC8909621 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection is a need that remains unmet in treating chronic neurodegenerative disorders, despite decades of extensive research. To find new neuroprotective compounds, extracts of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell were obtained through subcritical water extraction applying a four-step temperature gradient. The fractions obtained were screened against brain enzymes involved in neurodegenerative etiology, namely in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, all contributing factors to the progression of neurodegeneration. Results showed no significant enzyme inhibition but strong radical scavenging activities, particularly in the fourth fraction, extracted at the highest temperature (250 °C), highlighting their ability to retard oxidative and nitrosative stresses. At higher temperatures, fractions were composed of phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products, a combination that contributed to their antioxidant activity and, consequently, their neuroprotective properties. All fractions were evaluated for the presence of iodine, 14 organochlorine and 7 organophosphorus pesticides, and pharmaceuticals used in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (14), psychiatric drugs (8), and metabolites (8). The fractions studied did not present any of the screened contaminants, and only fraction 1 of E. bicyclis should be used with caution due to iodine content.
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15
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Yu M, Roszkowska A, Pawliszyn J. In Vivo Solid-Phase Microextraction and Applications in Environmental Sciences. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:30-41. [PMID: 37101756 PMCID: PMC10114724 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a well-established sample-preparation technique for environmental studies. The application of SPME has extended from the headspace extraction of volatile compounds to the capture of active components in living organisms via the direct immersion of SPME probes into the tissue (in vivo SPME). The development of biocompatible coatings and the availability of different calibration approaches enable the in vivo sampling of exogenous and endogenous compounds from the living plants and animals without the need for tissue collection. In addition, new geometries such as thin-film coatings, needle-trap devices, recession needles, coated tips, and blades have increased the sensitivity and robustness of in vivo sampling. In this paper, we detail the fundamentals of in vivo SPME, including the various extraction modes, coating geometries, calibration methods, and data analysis methods that are commonly employed. We also discuss recent applications of in vivo SPME in environmental studies and in the analysis of pollutants in plant and animal tissues, as well as in human saliva, breath, and skin analysis. As we show, in vivo SPME has tremendous potential for the targeted and untargeted screening of small molecules in living organisms for environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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16
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Liu Z, Li W, Zhu X, Hua R, Wu X, Xue J. Combination of polyurethane and polymethyl methacrylate thin films as a microextraction sorbent for rapid adsorption and sensitive determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in fruit juice and tea by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1659:462646. [PMID: 34735961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An economical and effective thin film microextraction (TFME) for simultaneous analysis of ten neonicotinoid insecticides and metabolites in fruit juice and tea, was developed based on the combination of polyurethane (PU) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films as the sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The PU/PMMA composite was evidenced to possess rapid adsorption and strong accumulation towards neonicotinoids compared with the films used alone. A series of parameters were optimized, and the agitation mode, film size, ionic strength, desorption solvent and sample pH were found to dominate the microextraction process rather than the extraction temperature, agitation time and sample volume. The thin films are cost effective and efficient for single use analysis, but still can be reused at least 8 times with no significant loss in performance. The ten neonicotinoids were measured with good recoveries (81.1-107.9%), high enrichment factors (up to 135), low limits of detection (0.001-0.1 µg L-1), and wide linearity range (1-500 µg L-1, r2>0.9981) in fruit juice (apple, lemon, and pomegranate) and tea (green tea and black tea) samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to commercial fruit and tea drinks, and no samples were tested positive on target neonicotinoids. The PU/PMMA based TFME has shown great potential as an alternative to exhaustive extraction techniques for routine screening of trace neonicotinoids in fruit juice and tea by simplifying the analytical procedure, shortening the operation time, and lowering the material expense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
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17
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Martins FCOL, Batista AD, Melchert WR. Current overview and perspectives in environmentally friendly microextractions of carbamates and dithiocarbamates. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:6116-6145. [PMID: 34564942 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbamates and dithiocarbamates are two classes of pesticides widely employed in the agriculture practice to control and avoid pests and weeds, hence, the monitoring of the residue of those pesticides in different foodstuff samples is important. Thus, this review presents the classification, chemical structure, use, and toxicology of them. Moreover, it was shown the evolution of liquid- and solid-phase microextractions employed in the extraction of carbamates and dithiocarbamates in water and foodstuff samples. The classification, operation mode, and application of the microextractions of liquid-phase and solid-phase used in their extraction were discussed and related to the analytical parameters and guidelines of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex D Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Wanessa R Melchert
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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18
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Li Y, Dong G, Li J, Xiang J, Yuan J, Wang H, Wang X. A solid-phase microextraction fiber coating based on magnetic covalent organic framework for highly efficient extraction of triclosan and methyltriclosan in environmental water and human urine samples. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112319. [PMID: 33993090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized a kind of magnetic covalent organic framework nanohybrids (NiFe2O4@COF), and integrated it with polydimethyl siloxane and silicone rubber curing agent for solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. The fiber coating demonstrated a porous and uniform surface with the BET specific surface of 169.7 m2 g-1. As for seven environmental analytes, the NiFe2O4@COF-based SPME fiber coating gave the higher extraction recoveries for triclosan (TCS) and methyltriclosn (MTCS) than those of fenpropathrin, bifenthrin, permethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin. Several operational parameters were rigorously optimized, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, thermal desorption time, solution pH and salt effect. Combined with the GC-ECD detection, the newly developed microextraction method supplied the wide linear range of 0.1-1000 µg L-1 with the correlation coefficients of > 0.9995. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) reached as low as 1-7 ng L-1 and 3.3-23 ng L-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions in six replicates (n = 6 ) were < 3.55% and < 5.06%, respectively, and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 3) was < 7.64%. To evaluate its feasibility in real samples, the fortified recoveries for TCS and MTCS, at low (0.2 µg L-1), middle (2.0 µg L-1) and high (20.0 µg L-1) levels, varied between 81.9% and 119.1% in tap, river and barreled waters as well as male, female and children urine samples. Especially, it is worth mentioning that the NiFe2O4@COF-based SPME coating fiber can be recycled for at least 150 times with nearly unchanged extraction efficiency. Moreover, the extraction recoveries by the as-fabricated fiber coating were much higher than those by three commercial fibers (PDMS, PDMS/DVB and PDMS/DVB/CAR). Overall, the NiFe2O4@COF-based SPME is a convenient, sensitive, efficient and "green" pretreatment method, thereby possessing important application prospects in trace monitoring of TCS-like pollutants in complex liquid matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guozhong Dong
- School of Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jianye Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianxing Xiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingrui Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, College of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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19
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Paiva AC, Crucello J, de Aguiar Porto N, Hantao LW. Fundamentals of and recent advances in sorbent-based headspace extractions. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Belinato JR, Grandy JJ, Khaled A, Suarez PAO, Pawliszyn J. Overcoming matrix effects in the analysis of pyrethroids in honey by a fully automated direct immersion solid-phase microextraction method using a matrix-compatible fiber. Food Chem 2021; 340:128127. [PMID: 33032149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids insecticides may constitute a major hazard to honeybees, leading to colony collapse disorder. However, the determination of pyrethroids in honey has remained a challenging undertaking for analysts to date due to the high complexity of this matrix as well as the MRLs. This paper presents a fully automated method to overcome matrix influences using matrix-compatible overcoated SPME fiber for quantitative analysis of pyrethroids in diluted honey by GC-MS. The developed method was optimized using a multivariate approach providing LOQ values much lower than the stablished MRL (0.10-10 ng/g), while granting satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.998) in a wide linear range of 0.1-2000 ng/g, repeatability with RSDs < 10%, reproducibility RSDs < 20%, and accuracy ranging from 75 to 118% and from 82 to 120 % for inter-day and intra-day assays, respectively by using five replicates. The method herein proposed overcomes challenges presented by complex matrices while minimizing sample handling and the overall complexity of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Raul Belinato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil and National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio)
| | - Jonathan J Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abir Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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21
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Albertsdóttir AD, Van Gansbeke W, Van Eenoo P, Polet M. Enabling the inclusion of non-hydrolysed sulfated long term anabolic steroid metabolites in a screening for doping substances by means of gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462039. [PMID: 33735641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) publishes yearly their prohibited list, and sets a minimum required performance limit for each substance. To comply with these stringent requirements, the anti-doping laboratories have at least two complementary methods for their initial testing procedure (ITP), one using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the other using liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS). Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have in previous years consistently been listed as the most frequently detected class of compounds. Over the last decade, evidence has emerged where a longer detection time is attained by focusing on sulfated metabolites of AAS instead of the conventional gluco-conjugated metabolites. Despite a decade of research on sulphated AAS using LC-MS, no LC-MS ITP has been developed that combines this class of compounds with the other mandatory targets. Such combination is essential for economical purposes. Recently, it was demonstrated that the direct injection of non-hydrolysed sulfates is compatible with GC-MS. Using this approach and by taking full use of the open screening capabilities of the quadrupole time of flight MS (QTOF-MS), this work describes for the first time a validated ITP that allows the detection of non-hydrolysed sulfated metabolites of AAS while, simultaneously, remaining capable of detecting a vast range of other classes of compounds, as well as the quantification of endogenous steroids, as required for an ITP compliant with the applicable WADA regulations. The method contains 263 compounds from 9 categories, including stimulants, narcotics, anabolic androgenic steroids and beta-blockers. Additionally, the advantages of the new method were illustrated by analysing excretion samples of drostanolone, mesterolone and metenolone. No negative effects were observed for the conventional markers and the detection time for mesterolone and metenolone increased by up to 150% and 144%, respectively compared to conventional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aðalheiður Dóra Albertsdóttir
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van Gansbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michael Polet
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Technologiepark 30 B, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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22
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Dispersive solid phase extraction combined with in syringe deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of some pesticides and their metabolite in egg samples. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Riboni N, Fornari F, Bianchi F, Careri M. A simple and efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry method for the determination of fragrance materials at ultra-trace levels in water samples using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as innovative coating. Talanta 2021; 224:121891. [PMID: 33379099 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging contaminants is becoming of increasing importance to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities onto the environment. The present study reports for the first time the development and validation of an efficient method for the simultaneous determination of fragrance materials in water samples based on the use of a novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based solid-phase microextraction coating. Helical MWCNTs were selected as adsorbent material due to their outstanding extraction performance. The multicriteria method of desirability functions allowed the optimization of the experimental conditions in terms of extraction time and extraction temperature. Validation proved the reliability of the method for the determination of the analytes at ultra-trace levels, obtaining detection limits in the 0.2-13 ng/L range, good precision, with relative standard deviations lower than 20% and recovery rates in the 80 ± 12%-111 ± 11%. Superior enrichment factors compared to commercial fibers were also calculated. Finally, applicability to real sample analysis was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 42, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - F Fornari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 42, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 42, 43124, Parma, Italy
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24
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Gruszecka D, Grandy J, Gionfriddo E, Singh V, Pawliszyn J. Direct immersion thin film solid phase microextraction of polychlorinated n-alkanes in cod liver oil. Food Chem 2021; 353:129244. [PMID: 33765598 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A thin film-solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) method was developed to test for 5 individual polychlorinated n-alkanes (PCAs) from commercial cod liver oil samples. This was accomplished by preparing a novel aluminum supported, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance/polydimethylsiloxane (HLB/PDMS) TF-SPME device that enabled direct immersion extraction from fish oil. Matrix-matched calibration gave a linear range from 0.075 µg/g to 0.75 µg/g with method limits of quantitation (MLOQ) ranging from 0.07 µg/g to 0.217 µg/g in oil. Standard addition calibration was performed using other fish oils demonstrating comparable slope to the external calibration. As a proof of concept, four fish oil brands were tested for contaminants; 1,1,1,3-tetrachlorodecane, 1,2,9,10-tetrachlorodecane, 1,2,13,14-tetrachlorotetradecane, and 1,1,1,3,14,15-hexachloropentadecane were detected above the MLOQ but below the range provided by the Stockholm Convention. This method provides an effective approach for cleanup and preconcentration of PCAs from oily matrices using inexpensive, and reusable microextraction devices that limit environmental impact of the sample preparation protocol.
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Key Words
- 1,1,1,3-tetrachlorodecane PubChem CID: 44,154,637
- 1,10-dichlorodecane PubChem CID: 75,101
- 1,2,9,10-tetrachlorodecane PubChem CID: 15,842,085
- Chlorodecane PubChem CID: 13,848
- Cod liver oil
- Environmental contaminants
- Polychlorinated n-alkanes
- SPME
- TF-SPME
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Gruszecka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, de Freitas CS, Silva AR, Simas RC, Vaz BG, Chaves AR. Miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry as approaches for food residue analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461949. [PMID: 33556677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are widely used techniques for the analyses of different classes of compounds. This is due to their highlighted capacity for separating and identifying components in complex matrices such food samples. However, in most cases, effective analysis of the target analyte becomes challenging due to the complexity of the sample, especially for quantification of trace concentrations. In this case, miniaturized sample preparation methods have been used as a strategy for analysis of complex matrices. This involves removing the interferents and concentrating the analytes in a sample. These methods combine simplicity and effectiveness and given their miniaturized scale, they are in accordance with green chemistry precepts. Besides, ambient mass spectrometry represents a new trend in fast and rapid analyses, especially for qualitative and screening analysis. However, for complex matrix analyses, sample preparation is still a difficult step and the miniaturized sample preparation techniques show great potential for an improved and widespread use of ambient mass spectrometry techniques. . This review aims to contribute as an overview of current miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry methods as different approaches for selective and sensitive analysis of residues in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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26
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Development of a solventless stir bar sorptive extraction/thermal desorption large volume injection capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for ultra-trace determination of pyrethroids pesticides in river and tap water samples. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been developed in 1999 to efficiently extract and preconcentrate volatile compounds, and many applications have been found after that. This technique conforms to the principles of green chemistry. Here, we used an autosampler with an online thermal desorption unit connected to CGC-MS to analyze pesticides. This study describes the development of a highly sensitive extraction method based on SBSE for simultaneous determination of ultra-trace amounts of four pesticides λ-cyhalothrin, α-cypermethrin, tefluthrin, and dimefluthrin in environmental water samples. This method was compared to the standard liquid–liquid extraction. In this study, a totally solventless SBSE was applied to river and tap water samples for the extraction and preconcentration of four pesticides. PDMS-coated SBSEs of 10 mm × 1 mm thickness were used for this purpose, and SBSEs were directly placed into a large-volume injector of a CGC-MS for thermal desorption of the analytes. In all extractions, deltamethrin was used as an internal standard. This method showed linearity in the range of 1.0–200.0 ng L−1 for cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, and dimefluthrin and 10.0–800 ng L−1 for cypermethrin. Preconcentration factors of 179, 7, 162, and 166 were obtained with very low limits of detection of 0.32, 3.41, 0.36m and 0.69 ng L−1 for cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, tefluthrinm and dimefluthrin, respectively. These detection limits are thousands of times lower than that of the standard method of liquid–liquid extraction. Reproducibility of the method, based on the relative standard deviation, was better than 7.5% and recoveries for spiked tap and river water samples was within the range of 87.83–114.45%. The application of PDMS-coated SBSE coupled with CGC-MS equipped with a large volume injector thermal desorption unit can be used for ultra-trace analysis of environmental water samples. Solventless SBSE offers several advantages over conventional traditional liquid–liquid extraction such as being very fast and economical and provides better extraction without requiring any solvents; so it can be considered as a green method for the analysis of pesticides.
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27
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Modulated construction of imine-based covalent organic frameworks for efficient adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1134:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Gionfriddo E, Gruszecka D, Li X, Pawliszyn J. Direct-immersion SPME in soy milk for pesticide analysis at trace levels by means of a matrix-compatible coating. Talanta 2020; 211:120746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Gionfriddo E. Green analytical solutions for sample preparation: solid phase microextraction and related techniques. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
For at least three decades, the analytical chemistry community is striving to apply the principles of Green Chemistry to the development of analytical methods. Many efforts have been made to outline the concept of Green Analytical Chemistry, which helped to redefine analytical procedures and drastically changed the philosophy of analytical method development. This book chapter describes the 12 principles of Green Analytical Chemistry and various methodologies for the assessment of the greenness of analytical methods. The three main steps in the analytical method development – sample preparation, separation and detection- are described in a “green perspective”. Special emphasis is given to the description of green sample preparation procedures, in particular to Solid Phase Microextraction, that, since its introduction in 1989 by Janusz Pawliszyn, has drastically revolutionized the methodology of sample preparation, providing a convenient and green alternative to already existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , The University of Toledo , 2801 Bancroft St, Mail stop 602 , Toledo , OH 43606 , USA
- School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , The University of Toledo , 2801 Bancroft St, Mail stop 602 , Toledo , OH 43606 , USA
- Dr Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis , The University of Toledo , 2801 Bancroft St, Mail stop 602 , Toledo , OH 43606 , USA
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30
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Su QZ, Vera P, Nerín C. Direct Immersion–Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Response Surface Methodology for Nontarget Screening of (Semi-) Volatile Migrants from Food Contact Materials. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5577-5584. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhi Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Vera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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31
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Purge-assisted and temperature-controlled headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determination of six common phthalate esters in aqueous samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Heydari M, Saraji M, Jafari MT. Electrochemically prepared three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline nanocomposite as a solid-phase microextraction coating for ethion determination. Talanta 2020; 209:120576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhang XF, Zhao LL, Huang MQ, Li XJ, Pan SY. In Situ Real-Time Tracing of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Apples by Solid-Phase Microextraction with Developed Sampling-Rate Calibration. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244444. [PMID: 31817260 PMCID: PMC6943702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An in situ tracing study based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was conducted to investigate the uptake and elimination of organophosphorus pesticides in apples. A matrix-compatible polydimethylsiloxane/poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)/polydimethylsiloxane fiber was produced to meet the needs of in situ sampling. The fiber had high extraction ability, good sensitivity and accuracy with respect to the analytes in apple pulp, and could be used 85 times. Although the sampling rate was changing over time, quantification was still achieved by the sampling rate calibration method. Some factors that affect its applicability were studied. The limits of detection were 0.18 ng/g for diazinon and 0.20 ng/g for chlorpyrifos, rather lower than the maximum residue limits of the National Food Safety Standard of China (GB 2763-2016) and the European Commission (Reg.(EU) No 834/2013, 2018/686). The accuracy of in situ SPME quantification was verified by comparing with the results obtained by the traditional liquid-liquid extraction method. In this work, the in situ sampling method is developed using apples, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos as a model system; however, this method can be used for in vivo analysis of fruits and vegetables for nutrition and safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.-F.Z.); (L.-L.Z.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.-F.Z.); (L.-L.Z.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming-Quan Huang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Liquor Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.-F.Z.); (L.-L.Z.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-2111
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.-F.Z.); (L.-L.Z.); (S.-Y.P.)
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Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to describe the recent and most impactful applications in pollutant analysis using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology in environmental, food, and bio-clinical analysis. The covered papers were published in the last 5 years (2014–2019) thus providing the reader with information about the current state-of-the-art and the future potential directions of the research in pollutant monitoring using SPME. To this end, we revised the studies focused on the investigation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and emerging pollutants (EPs) including personal care products (PPCPs), in different environmental, food, and bio-clinical matrices. We especially emphasized the role that SPME is having in contaminant surveys following the path that goes from the environment to humans passing through the food web. Besides, this review covers the last technological developments encompassing the use of novel extraction coatings (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, PDMS-overcoated fiber), geometries (e.g., Arrow-SPME, multiple monolithic fiber-SPME), approaches (e.g., vacuum and cold fiber SPME), and on-site devices. The applications of SPME hyphenated with ambient mass spectrometry have also been described.
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Wang Y, Shen L, Gong Z, Pan J, Zheng X, Xue J. Analytical methods to analyze pesticides and herbicides. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1009-1024. [PMID: 31233653 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Presented in this paper is an annual review of literatures published in 2018 on topics relating to analytical methods for pesticides and herbicides. According to the different techniques, this review is divided into six sections, including extraction methods; chromatographic or mass spectrometric techniques; electrochemical techniques; spectrophotometric techniques; chemiluminescence and fluorescence methods; and biochemical assays. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Totally 134 relevant research articles are summarized. The review is divided into six parts according to the techniques. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods are the most widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhanyang Gong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Pan
- Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Hangzhou Bertzer Catalyst Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinkai Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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A polyurethane-based thin film for solid phase microextraction of pyrethroid insecticides. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:596. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Otoukesh M, Nerín C, Aznar M, Kabir A, Furton KG, Es'haghi Z. Determination of adhesive acrylates in recycled polyethylene terephthalate by fabric phase sorptive extraction coupled to ultra performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:56-63. [PMID: 31155144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article presents fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) as a simple and effective pre-concentration method for the enrichment of acrylate compounds in different food simulants and subsequent analysis of the extracts by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (UPLC-MS). Acrylate compounds come from acrylic adhesives used commonly for sticking the paper labels on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and therefore, they may exist in recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). Four acrylates were studied: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM), pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), triethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Five different types of FPSE media coated with different sol-gel sorbents were studied and finally sol-gel polyethylene glycol- polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer (PEG-PPG-PEG) coated FPSE media was chosen for its satisfactory results. The optimal conditions affecting the extraction efficiency of compounds were determined in three different food simulants. Statistical evaluation of this method reveals good linearity and precision. Under the optimized conditions, the method provided limits of detection of the compounds in the range of (0.1-1.9 ng g-1, 0.1-1.2 ng g-1, 0.2-2.3 ng g-1) in EtOH 10%, HAc 3% and EtOH 20% and the enrichment factor values (EFs) after applying N2 were in the range of 11.1-25.0, 13.8-26.3, 8.3-21.9, in simulants A, B and C respectively. The optimized method was applied successfully to analyze thirteen types of recycled PET samples. Acrylates were found in some of the samples at ng g-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyeh Otoukesh
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, Made Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, Made Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Margarita Aznar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, Made Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
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A Dual Ligand Sol⁻Gel Organic-Silica Hybrid Monolithic Capillary for In-Tube SPME-MS/MS to Determine Amino Acids in Plasma Samples. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091658. [PMID: 31035579 PMCID: PMC6540176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the direct coupling of the in-tube solid-phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) technique to a tandem mass spectrometry system (MS/MS) to determine amino acids (AA) and neurotransmitters (NT) (alanine, serine, isoleucine, leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) in plasma samples from schizophrenic patients. An innovative organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary with bifunctional groups (amino and cyano) was developed and evaluated as an extraction device for in-tube SPME. The morphological and structural aspects of the monolithic phase were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen sorption experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and adsorption experiments. In-tube SPME-MS/MS conditions were established to remove matrix, enrich analytes (monolithic capillary) and improve the sensitivity of the MS/MS system. The proposed method was linear from 45 to 360 ng mL-1 for alanine, from 15 to 300 ng mL-1 for leucine and isoleucine, from 12 to 102 ng mL-1 for methionine, from 10 to 102 ng mL-1 for tyrosine, from 9 to 96 ng mL-1 for tryptophan, from 12 to 210 ng mL-1 for serine, from 12 to 90 ng mL-1 for glutamic acid, from 12 to 102 ng mL-1 for lysine, and from 6 to 36 ng mL-1 for aspartic acid. The precision of intra-assays and inter-assays presented CV values ranged from 1.6% to 14.0%. The accuracy of intra-assays and inter-assays presented RSE values from -11.0% to 13.8%, with the exception of the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) values. The in-tube SPME-MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine the target AA and NT in plasma samples from schizophrenic patients.
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A critical outlook on recent developments and applications of matrix compatible coatings for solid phase microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Khaled A, Gionfriddo E, Acquaro V, Singh V, Pawliszyn J. Development and validation of a fully automated solid phase microextraction high throughput method for quantitative analysis of multiresidue veterinary drugs in chicken tissue. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1056:34-46. [PMID: 30797459 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the development and validation of a fully automated, high-throughput multiclass, multiresidue method for quantitative analysis of 77 veterinary drugs in chicken muscle via direct immersion solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME) and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The selected drugs represent more than 12 different classes of drugs characterized by varying physical and chemical properties. A Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) extraction phase, prepared using HLB particles synthesized in-house, yielded the best extraction/desorption performance among four different SPME extraction phases evaluated in the current work. The developed SPME method was optimized in terms of SPME coating and geometry, desorption solvent, extraction and rinsing conditions, and extraction and desorption times. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the optimal desorption solvent for the proposed application. The developed method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, taking into account Canadian maximum residue limits (MRLs) and US maximum tolerance levels for veterinary drugs in meat. Method accuracy ranged from 80 to 120% for at least 73 compounds, with relative standard deviation of 1-15%. Inter-day precision ranged from 4 to 15% for 70 compounds. Determination coefficients values were higher than 0.991 for all compounds under study with no significant lack of fit (p > 0.05) at the 5% level. In terms of limits of quantitation, the method was able to meet both Canadian and US regulatory levels for all compounds under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Vinicius Acquaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Steinke M, Randell L, Dumbrell AJ, Saha M. Volatile Biomarkers for Aquatic Ecological Research. ADV ECOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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