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Tomar A, Yamini, Gupta RR, Choudhary MK, Sachar S, Mehta SK, Sharma S. Discrimination and analytical profiling of colored printed documents using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with explorative and predictive statistical analysis: Part I. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124839. [PMID: 39029200 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Printed documents are a common form of evidence in forensic document examination. The integration of spectroscopy with chemometrics have evolved evidential analytical interpretation of printing inks. However, we report the first ever study that explores the examination of both black and colored printed documents combined with explorative Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and supervised techniques viz. Soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and Partial Least Square- Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The study investigated 74 (40 Ink-based and 34 Toner- based) colored printed document samples using ATR-FTIR to discriminate and determine the source of origin of an unknown printed document using a non-destructive approach. Qualitative analysis by ATR- FTIR indicated the presence of polystyrene, bisphenol A and acrylates as the common binder polymers in the samples. The study was also able to obtain pigment information like presence of PR 57 and PR 146 in magenta, Carbon black in black, Copper Phthalocyanine and PB 15 in Cyan and PY 74 in yellow colored printed samples. Further, PCA has been used as an explorative technique that showed a variance of 97 % in the dataset and indicating that the color Cyan contributes to the maximum classification accuracy. SIMCA has been used as a supervised method to classify the known and test samples to their respective defined classes. However, SIMCA could only classify Toner-based samples in their respective class and inconclusive results were obtained in case of Ink-based samples. Finally, PLS-DA was also used to classify the two class of samples which resulted in a discrimination accuracy of 98.6 %. The derived model was also used for validation study on blind test samples which provided 100 % classification results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Tomar
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yamini
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Reeta R Gupta
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, CBI, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Choudhary
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak National College, Ludhiana, Punjab 141421, India
| | - Shilpee Sachar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; University of Ladakh, Ladakh, (UT) 194101, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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2
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Coppola F, Frigau L, Markelj J, Malešič J, Conversano C, Strlič M. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Accurate Dating of Historical Books. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive, fast, and accurate methods of dating are highly desirable for many heritage objects. Here, we present and critically evaluate the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data combined with three supervised machine learning methods to predict the publication year of paper books dated between 1851 and 2000. These methods provide different accuracies; however, we demonstrate that the underlying processes refer to common spectral features. Regardless of the machine learning method used, the most informative wavelength ranges can be associated with C-H and O-H stretching first overtone, typical of the cellulose structure, and N-H stretching first overtone from amide/protein structures. We find that the expected influence of degradation on the accuracy of prediction is not meaningful. The variance-bias decomposition of the reducible error reveals some differences among the three machine learning methods. Our results show that two out of the three methods allow predictions of publication dates in the period 1851-2000 from NIR spectroscopic data with an unprecedented accuracy of up to 2 years, better than any other non-destructive method applied to a real heritage collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Coppola
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Luca Frigau
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 17, Cagliari 09123, Italy
| | - Jernej Markelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Malešič
- National and University Library of Slovenia, Turjaška ulica 1, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Claudio Conversano
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 17, Cagliari 09123, Italy
| | - Matija Strlič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Institute for Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, U.K
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3
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Characterization and discrimination of volatile compounds in gel-pen ink via headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry combined with chemometric strategies. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Infrared spectroscopy for document dating - Advantages, challenges and limitations. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Tomar A, Gupta RR, Kaur A, Semwal JK, Kumar S, Mehta SK, Sharma S. Forensic examination of thermal papers using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics: Non-destructive approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119982. [PMID: 34051637 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal papers are replacing the conventional form of printing and are being extensively used across the globe. This study encompasses a non-destructive approach to examine thermal papers by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Video Spectral Comparator (VSC), where the former technique helps in characterizing and discriminating different samples and the latter helps in deciphering the faded prints on thermal paper. The qualitative analysis of the spectroscopic data based on peak to peak comparison and quantitative analysis using chemometrics has been done to obtain high discriminating power. Multivariate analysis using HCA gave a discriminating power of 83.82% and PCA showed a variance of 95.64%. The strength of the study is portrayed through the decipherment of artificially and naturally faded thermal papers using VSC and analyzing the effect of different storing conditions on their rate of fading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Tomar
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Reeta R Gupta
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, CBI, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J K Semwal
- LNJN National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science, MHA, Rohini, New Delhi 110085, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- LNJN National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science, MHA, Rohini, New Delhi 110085, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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6
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7
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Gamulin O, Škrabić M, Serec K, Par M, Baković M, Krajačić M, Babić SD, Šegedin N, Osmani A, Vodanović M. Possibility of Human Gender Recognition Using Raman Spectra of Teeth. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133983. [PMID: 34210090 PMCID: PMC8271900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck. Recorded spectra were sorted into suitable datasets and initially analyzed with principal component analysis, which showed a distinction between spectra of male and female teeth. Then, reduced datasets with scores of the first 20 principal components were formed and two classification algorithms, support vector machine and artificial neural networks, were applied to form classification models for gender recognition. The obtained results showed that gender recognition with Raman spectra of teeth is possible but strongly depends both on the tooth type and spectrum recording site. The difference in classification accuracy between different tooth types and recording sites are discussed in terms of the molecular structure difference caused by the influence of masticatory loading or gender-dependent life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Škrabić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Serec
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marija Baković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maria Krajačić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
| | - Sanja Dolanski Babić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Šegedin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (O.G.); (M.Š.); (M.K.); (S.D.B.); (N.Š.)
- Center of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aziz Osmani
- Community Health Center “Kutina”, 44320 Kutina, Croatia;
| | - Marin Vodanović
- Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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8
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Sauzier G, van Bronswijk W, Lewis SW. Chemometrics in forensic science: approaches and applications. Analyst 2021; 146:2415-2448. [PMID: 33729240 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigations are often reliant on physical evidence to reconstruct events surrounding a crime. However, there remains a need for more objective approaches to evidential interpretation, along with rigorously validated procedures for handling, storage and analysis. Chemometrics has been recognised as a powerful tool within forensic science for interpretation and optimisation of analytical procedures. However, careful consideration must be given to factors such as sampling, validation and underpinning study design. This tutorial review aims to provide an accessible overview of chemometric methods within the context of forensic science. The review begins with an overview of selected chemometric techniques, followed by a broad review of studies demonstrating the utility of chemometrics across various forensic disciplines. The tutorial review ends with the discussion of the challenges and emerging trends in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Sauzier
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Wilhelm van Bronswijk
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Simon W Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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9
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Xia J, Du X, Xu W, Wei Y, Xiong Y, Min S. Non-destructive analysis the dating of paper based on convolutional neural network. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119290. [PMID: 33310618 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A non-destructive method based on Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was proposed to estimate the date of paper from different years in this article. For the paper samples, dated from 1940 to 1980, naturally aged and conserved in library. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), Logistic regression and convolutional neural network (CNN), were employed to evaluate the date of paper, with the accuracy 60.74%, 95.31% and 98.77%, respectively. Based on the characteristics of CNN model and with the help of network localization, active variables could be recognized in the whole spectrum. Although the localization of active variables showed a discriminative pattern, the selected spectral regions were similar. Most important variables focused on the 1700-1400 cm-1, were corresponding to cellulose crystallinity, which was consisted with the ageing processing. The present work gave the potential of FT-IR combined with chemometric techniques could estimate the dating of unknown paper. Meanwhile, the analysis of active variables obtained further indicated the worthy of CNN model for document dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xia
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiayu Du
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Weixin Xu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yun Wei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanmei Xiong
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Shungeng Min
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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10
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Ezegbogu MO. Identifying the scene of a crime through pollen analysis. Sci Justice 2021; 61:205-213. [PMID: 33985668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The forensic analysis of pollen involves the comparison of crime scene and reference pollen samples. Successful matches are frequently used to solve time- or location-related crimes. Despite its prospects in criminal investigation, forensic palynology is still underused in casework due to inherent shortcomings such as its limited evidential weighting, scarcity of skilled palynologists dedicated to forensic casework and the laborious nature of analytical procedures. To address these challenges, the current state-of-the-art in forensic palynology is transiting from the traditional light microscopic methods that dominated the early days of palynology to more contemporary approaches like Raman spectroscopy, stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding. The major challenges of these methods, however, include a lack of optimisation to forensic expectations and the unavailability of robust databases to permit accurate data interpretation, and quests to resolve these problems constitute the theme of current research. While reiterating the usefulness of pollen analysis in criminal investigation, this report recommends orthogonal testing as a way of improving the evidential weighting of forensic palynology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Ezegbogu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK.
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11
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Deviterne-Lapeyre CM. Interpol review of questioned documents 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2021; 2:429-441. [PMID: 33385141 PMCID: PMC7770439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in questioned documents from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol Review Papers 2019.pdf.
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12
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Osmani A, Par M, Škrabić M, Vodanović M, Gamulin O. Principal Component Regression for Forensic Age Determination Using the Raman Spectra of Teeth. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1473-1485. [PMID: 32031015 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820905903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectra of mineralized tooth tissues were used to build a principal component regression (PCR) age determination model for forensic application. A sample of 71 teeth was obtained from donors aging from 11 to 76 years. No particular selection criteria were applied; teeth affected with various pathological processes were deliberately included to simulate a realistic forensic scenario. In order to comply with the nondestructive specimen handling, Raman spectra were collected from tooth surfaces without any previous preparation. Different tooth tissues were evaluated by collecting the spectra from three distinct sites: tooth crown, tooth neck, and root apex. Whole recorded spectra (3500-200 cm-1) were used for principal component analysis and building of the age determination model using PCR. The predictive capabilities of the obtained age determination models varied according to the spectra collection site. Optimal age determination was attained by using Raman spectra collected from cementum at root apex (R2 values of 0.84 and 0.71 for male and female donors, respectively). For optimal performance of that model, male and female donors had to be analyzed separately, as merging both genders into a single model considerably diminished its predictive capability (R2 = 0.29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Osmani
- Community Health Center "Kutina", Kutina, Croatia
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, 37631University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Škrabić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, 37631University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Vodanović
- Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, 37631University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, 37631University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Investigation of the new possibility of mathematical processing of Raman spectra for dating documents. Sci Justice 2020; 60:451-465. [PMID: 32873385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of spectral analysis methods to determine the age of writing inks is an important forensic task. However, the use of spectral data for this purpose has a number of limitations and difficulties. This paper considers the application of the Raman spectroscopy method to an urgent forensic task. The known mechanisms of dye degradation are analyzed; Raman bands are identified that are related to the age of the sample. In a sample of 5 randomly selected writing inks, temporary markers were identified. Narrow sections of Raman spectra containing characteristic lines were used for analysis. It was shown that processing narrow sections of the Raman spectra using the PCA chemometric method allowed the separation of writing inks into groups (clusters) corresponding to different creation intervals.
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14
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Kucha CT, Liu L, Ngadi M, Gariépy C. Assessment of Intramuscular Fat Quality in Pork Using Hyperspectral Imaging. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Sharma V, Kaur J, Kumar R. Proof of concept study for paper discrimination and age estimation through its degradation process by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric models. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1781254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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16
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Sadiku-Zehri F, Gamulin O, Škrabić M, Qerimi-Krasniqi A, Sedlić F, Šepac A, Brčić L, Vuletić LB, Seiwerth S. Differentiating Between Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Pleural Lesions Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:808-818. [PMID: 32312091 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820924726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology, despite being the gold standard as a diagnostic tool, does not always provide a correct diagnosis for different pleural lesions. Although great progress was made in this field, the problem to differentiate between reactive and malignant pleural lesions still stimulates the search for additional diagnostic tools. Our research using vibrational spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical modeling represents a potentially useful tool to approach the problem. The objective method this paper explores is based on the correlation between different types of pleural lesions and their vibrational spectra. Obtained tissue spectra recorded by infrared spectroscopy allowed us to categorize spectra in different groups using a created PCA statistical model. The PCA model was built using tissues of known pathology as the model group. The validation samples were then used to confirm the functionality of our PCA model. Student's t-test was also used for comparing samples in paired groups. The PCA model was able to clearly differentiate the spectra of mesothelioma, metastasis and reactive changes (inflammation), and place them in discrete groups. Thus, we showed that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with PCA can differentiate pleural lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. This new approach could contribute in objectively differentiating specific pleural lesions, thus helping pathologists to better diagnose difficult pleural samples but also could shed additional light into the biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatlinda Sadiku-Zehri
- Department of Histology and Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Škrabić
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ardita Qerimi-Krasniqi
- Department of Histology and Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Filip Sedlić
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Šepac
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletić
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, KBC Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, KBC Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Quantitative non-destructive analysis of paper fillers using ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy with PLS method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5127-5138. [PMID: 31147759 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative non-destructive express method of determining fillers -kaolin and chalk- in paper was created using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy in the mid-IR and far-IR region (3800-245 cm-1) combined with partial least squares (PLS) data analysis. Altogether, 30 two-component (cellulose pulp + kaolin and cellulose pulp + chalk) reference paper samples with known different filler concentrations and one reference paper sample without any fillers were prepared for calibration and validation. The reference values of filler concentrations in the prepared papers were determined by gravimetric analysis via dry ashing (for establishing accurate concentrations of fillers in paper) and ATR-FT-IR microspectroscopy (for evaluating homogeneity of the papers). Two-component (cellulose pulp + kaolin or cellulose pulp + chalk) PLS models were created with papers of different cellulose types and containing different amounts of fillers. The best model had root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for determining the kaolin or chalk content in the two-component papers of 2.0 and 2.1 g/100 g, respectively. The performance indices were 90.4% and 92.9%, respectively. As a demonstration of practical applicability of the method, different papers from books, journals, etc. were analysed. It was concluded that the developed quantitative method is suitable for non-destructive express analysis of kaolin or chalk in paper. Graphical abstract.
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