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Castro SVF, Pereira JFS, Souza MMC, Siqueira GP, Santana MHP, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. Rapid sequential determination of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine in forensic samples employing a graphite sheet sensor and cyclic square-wave stripping voltammetry. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:396. [PMID: 38877161 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of a portable analytical procedure is described for rapid sequential detection and quantification of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in forensic samples using a graphite sheet (GS). A single GS platform works as a collector of explosive residues and detector after its assembly into a 3D-printed cell. The detection strategy is based on cyclic square-wave stripping voltammetry. The cathodic scan from + 0.1 to -1.0 V with accumulation at 0.0 V enables the TNT detection (three reduction peaks), and the anodic scan from + 0.2 to + 1.55 V with accumulation at -0.9 V provides the RDX detection (two oxidation processes). Low detection limit values (0.1 µmol L-1 for TNT and 2.4 µmol L-1 for RDX) and wide linear ranges (from 1 to 150 µmol L-1 for TNT and from 20 to 300 µmol L-1 for RDX) were obtained. The sensor did not respond to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), which was evaluated as a potential interferent, because plastic explosives contain mixtures of TNT, RDX, and PETN. The GS electrode was also evaluated as a collector of TNT and RDX residues spread on different surfaces to simulate forensic scenarios. After swiping over different surfaces (metal, granite, wood, cloths, hands, money bills, and cellphone), the GS electrode was assembled in the 3D-printed cell ready to measure both explosives by the proposed method. In all cases, the presence of TNT and RDX was confirmed, attesting the reliability of the proposed device to act as collector and sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia V F Castro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Jian F S Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria M C Souza
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilvana P Siqueira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário H P Santana
- Forensic Laboratory of the Federal Police, Uberlândia, 38408-663, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Munoz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 38400-902, MG, Brazil.
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Siqueira GP, Araújo DAG, de Faria LV, Ramos DLO, Matias TA, Richter EM, Paixão TRLC, Muñoz RAA. A novel 3D-printed graphite/polylactic acid sensor for the electrochemical determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene residues in environmental waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139796. [PMID: 37586488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, lab-made graphite and polylactic acid (Gpt-PLA) biocomposite materials were used to additively manufacture electrodes via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique for subsequent determination of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, considered a persistent organic pollutant). The surface of the 3D-printed material was characterized by SEM and Raman, which revealed high roughness and the presence of defects in the graphite structure, which enhanced the electrochemical response of TNT. The 3D-printed Gpt-PLA electrode coupled to square wave voltammetry (SWV) showed suitable performance for fastly determining the explosive residues (around 7 s). Two reduction processes at around -0.22 V and -0.36 V were selected for TNT detection, with linear ranges between 1.0 and 10.0 μM. Moreover, detection limits of 0.52 and 0.66 μM were achieved for both reduction steps. The proposed method was applied to determine TNT in different environmental water samples (tap water, river water, and seawater) without a dilution step (direct analysis). Recovery values between 98 and 106% confirmed the accuracy of the analyses. Additionally, adequate selectivity was achieved even in the presence of other explosives commonly used by military agencies, metallic ions commonly found in water, and also some electroactive camouflage species. Such results indicate that the proposed device is promising to quantify TNT residues in environmental samples, a viable on-site analysis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilvana P Siqueira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diele A G Araújo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas V de Faria
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - David L O Ramos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Matias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Silva MNT, Alves DAC, Richter EM, Munoz RAA, Nossol E. A simple, fast, portable and selective system using carbon nanotubes films and a 3D-printed device for monitoring hydroxychloroquine in environmental samples. Talanta 2023; 265:124810. [PMID: 37364384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical method was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an ineffective candidate drug for COVID-19 treatment however widely consumed during the pandemic, in aqueous samples using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) film produced through the interfacial method on the indium tin oxide electrode (ITO). According to Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, the interfacial method produces homogeneous thin films of carbon nanotubes on the substrate surface, which keep connected to the surface forming a three-dimensional microporous structure. The electrochemical behavior and oxidation kinetics of HCQ were also investigated in the MWCNT film. The sensor showed a 7 times higher oxidation current for (69.88 μA) for HCQ than the ITO electrode (9.33 μA) due to the electrocatalytic properties MWCNTs. The ITO-modified electrode was assembled on a portable 3D-printed batch-injection cell for the amperometric detection of HCQ. The oxidation peak current of HCQ is linearly proportional to the concentrations of HCQ ranging from 1.0 to 100.0 μmol L-1, with a limit of detection of 0.27 μmol L-1. Water samples (river and tap water) were spiked with HCQ, without the need for dispendious pretreatment (except filtration), and analyzed by the portable system, revealing the detection of HCQ with the recovery of 92.0%-99.8%, which suggested the great potential for real environmental monitoring application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo N T Silva
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego A C Alves
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Munoz
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Edson Nossol
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Chemistry, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Li X, Ge W, Guo S, Bai J, Hong W. Characterization and Application of Supramolecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216819. [PMID: 36585932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of supramolecular chemistry and single-molecule electronics offers a new perspective on supramolecular electronics, and provides a new avenue toward understanding and application of intermolecular charge transport at the molecular level. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances in the characterization technique for the investigation of intermolecular charge transport, and summarize the experimental investigation of several non-covalent interactions, including π-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions and σ-σ interactions at the single-molecule level. We will also provide a perspective on supramolecular electronics and discuss the potential applications and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Apak R, Üzer A, Sağlam Ş, Arman A. Selective Electrochemical Detection of Explosives with Nanomaterial Based Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vijila NS, Athira M, Madanan Anju S, Aswathy AO, Jayakrishna J, Sreekumar M, Anjali Devi JS, Anjitha B, George S. Folic Acid as a Bimodal Optical Probe for the Detection of TNT. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:933-940. [PMID: 33782809 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and onsite detection of nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is very crucial for the safety and security of human life as well as for the environment. In this present work, we demonstrate the feasibility for employing Folic Acid (FA) as a fluorescent as well as a colorimetric probe for the detection of TNT. This probe was synthesized by a simple one-step process. The developed probe shows an emission maximum at 490 nm upon excitation at 420 nm. On adding TNT, the fluorescence of the FA probe is quenched. Also, it shows a good selectivity towards TNT over other similar organic compounds such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and picric acid (PA). The limit of detection (LoD) of TNT was found to be 1.9398 µM. Colorimetric detection was conducted and paper strip assay was developed for the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Vijila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - M Athira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - S Madanan Anju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - A O Aswathy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - J Jayakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Mrudula Sreekumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - J S Anjali Devi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - B Anjitha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Sony George
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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Rapid and sensitive fluorescence sensing detection of nitroaromatic compounds in water samples based on pyrene functionalized nanofibers mat prepared via green approach. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Gu S, Xu Z, Yang X. Molecular Insight into the Adsorption Thermodynamics and Interfacial Behavior of GOs at the Liquid-Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1924-1935. [PMID: 33566621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of two-dimensional (2-D) graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets at liquid-liquid interfaces has broad technological implications from functional material preparations to oil-water emulsification. Molecular-level understanding of the adsorption thermodynamics and the interfacial behavior is of great significance. Here, the adsorption free energy of GO nanosheets at the water-cyclohexane system was simulated, in which the effect of oxygen-containing groups and deprotonation has been investigated. It was observed that the neutral GO (GO-COOH) has obvious interfacial activity with a reduction of interfacial tension, while the deprotonated GO (GO-COO-) shows a weak interface affinity. There exists an optimal oxidization degree that could cause the best interfacial stability, which is attributed to the balance of interfacial hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions. The interaction arising from water is the main factor determining interfacial activity. The interfacial morphology and dynamics of GO nanosheets have also been simulated, in which an anisotropic 2-D translation and rotation along the interface were revealed. Our simulation results provide new insight into the adsorption mechanism and dynamics behavior of GO at the oil-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Li X, Ma Y, Zhong XL, Wang LS. Silver sulfide nanoparticles on MWCNTs stabilized by poloxamer: An enhanced electrochemical sensor for high sensitivity detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cardoso RM, Rocha DP, Rocha RG, Stefano JS, Silva RAB, Richter EM, Muñoz RAA. 3D-printing pen versus desktop 3D-printers: Fabrication of carbon black/polylactic acid electrodes for single-drop detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1132:10-19. [PMID: 32980099 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of carbon black/polylactic acid (PLA) electrodes using a 3D printing pen is presented and compared with electrodes obtained by a desktop fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. The 3D pen was used for the fast production of electrodes in two designs using customized 3D printed parts to act as template and guide the reproducible application of the 3D pen: (i) a single working electrode at the bottom of a 3D-printed cylindrical body and (ii) a three-electrode system on a 3D-printed planar substrate. Both devices were electrochemically characterized using the redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- via cyclic voltammetry, which presented similar performance to an FDM 3D-printed electrode or a commercial screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) regarding peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) and current density. The surface treatment of the carbon black/PLA electrodes fabricated by both 3D pen and FDM 3D-printing procedures provided substantial improvement of the electrochemical activity by removing excess of PLA, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic images for electrodes fabricated by both procedures. Structural defects were not inserted after the electrochemical treatment as shown by Raman spectra (iD/iG), which indicates that the use of 3D pen can replace desktop 3D printers for electrode fabrication. Inter-electrode precision for the best device fabricated using the 3D pen (three-electrode system) was 4% (n = 5) considering current density and anodic peak potential for the redox probe. This device was applied for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) via square-wave voltammetry of a single-drop of 100 μL placed upon the thee-electrode system, resulting in three reduction peaks commonly verified for TNT on carbon electrodes. Limit of detection of 1.5 μmol L-1, linear range from 5 to 500 μmol L-1 and RSD lower than 4% for 10 repetitive measurements of 100 μmol L-1 TNT were obtained. The proposed devices can be reused after polishing on sandpaper generating new electrode surfaces, which is an extra advantage over chemically-modified electrochemical sensors applied for TNT detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Cardoso
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego P Rocha
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Rocha
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Stefano
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A B Silva
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Center for Research on Electroanalysis (NuPE), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Carbonaceous Nanomaterials Employed in the Development of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Screen-Printing Technique—A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to revise research on carbonaceous nanomaterials used in developing sensors. In general, nanomaterials are known to be useful in developing high-performance sensors due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, descriptions were made for various structural features, properties, and manner of functionalization of carbon-based nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors. Of the commonly used technologies in manufacturing electrochemical sensors, the screen-printing technique was described, highlighting the advantages of this type of device. In addition, an analysis was performed in point of the various applications of carbon-based nanomaterial sensors to detect analytes of interest in different sample types.
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang L. Simple Copper Nanoparticle/Polyfurfural Film Modified Electrode for the Determination of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1751182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Effect of alumina supported on glassy-carbon electrode on the electrochemical reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: A simple strategy for its selective detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Castro SV, Cardoso RM, Santana MH, Richter EM, Munoz RA. Graphite sheet as a novel material for the collection and electrochemical sensing of explosive residues. Talanta 2019; 203:106-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Baluchová S, Daňhel A, Dejmková H, Ostatná V, Fojta M, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Recent progress in the applications of boron doped diamond electrodes in electroanalysis of organic compounds and biomolecules – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:30-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zeng W, Manoj D, Sun H, Yi R, Huang X, Sun Y. One-pot synthesis of high-density Pd nanoflowers decorated 3D carbon nanotube-graphene network modified on printed electrode as portable electrochemical sensing platform for sensitive detection of nitroaromatic explosives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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