1
|
Antezana PE, Municoy S, Ostapchuk G, Catalano PN, Hardy JG, Evelson PA, Orive G, Desimone MF. 4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2743. [PMID: 38140084 PMCID: PMC10747900 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, widely known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of biomaterials. While conventional 3D-printed structures are perceived as static, 4D printing introduces the ability to fabricate materials capable of self-transforming their configuration or function over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electric field. This transformative technology has garnered significant attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential to address limitations associated with traditional therapies. Here, we delve into an in-depth review of 4D-printing systems, exploring their diverse biomedical applications and meticulously evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the novelty of this review paper by highlighting the latest advancements and emerging trends in 4D-printing technology, particularly in the context of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofia Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Gabriel Ostapchuk
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolás Catalano
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Nodo Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina; (G.O.); (P.N.C.)
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Gerencia de Desarrollo Tecnológico y Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Área de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires 8400, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Junín 954, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - John G. Hardy
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK;
- Department of Chemistry, Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Pablo Andrés Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Piso 3, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina; (P.E.A.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu CY, Su YT, Su CK. 4D-printed needle panel meters coupled with enzymatic derivatization for reading urea and glucose concentrations in biological samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115500. [PMID: 37390641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
On-site analytical techniques continue being developed with advances in modern technology. To demonstrate the applicability of four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies in the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive analytical devices for on-site determination of urea and glucose, we used digital light processing three-dimensional printing (3DP) and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA)-incorporated photocurable resins to fabricate all-in-one needle panel meters. When adding a sample having a value of pH above the pKa of CEA (ca. 4.6-5.0) into the fabricated needle panel meter, the [H+]-responsive layer of the needle, printed using the CEA-incorporated photocurable resins, swelled as a result of electrostatic repulsion among the dissociated carboxyl groups of the copolymer, leading to [H+]-dependent bending of the needle. When coupled with a derivatization reaction (urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea to decrease [H+]; glucose oxidase-mediated oxidization of glucose to increase [H+]), the bending of the needle allowed reliable quantification of urea or glucose when referencing pre-calibrated concentration scales. After method optimization, the method's detection limits for urea and glucose were 4.9 and 7.0 μM, respectively, within a working concentration range from 0.1 to 10 mM. We verified the reliability of this analytical method by determining the concentrations of urea and glucose in samples of human urine, fetal bovine serum, and rat plasma with spike analyses and comparing the results with those obtained using commercial assay kits. Our results confirm that 4DP technologies can allow the direct fabrication of stimuli-responsive devices for quantitative chemical analysis, and that they can advance the development and applicability of 3DP-enabling analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen JR, Tsai WH, Su CK. TiO 2 nanoparticle-Coated 3D-Printed porous monoliths enabling highly sensitive speciation of inorganic Cr, As, and Se. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1271:341489. [PMID: 37328240 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Post-printing functionalization can enhance the functionality and applicability of analytical devices manufactured using three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies. In this study we developed a post-printing foaming-assisted coating scheme-through respective treatments with a formic acid (30%, v/v) solution and a sodium bicarbonate (0.5%, w/v) solution incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs; 1.0%, w/v)-for in situ fabrication of TiO2 NP-coated porous polyamide monoliths in 3D-printed solid phase extraction columns, thereby enhancing the extraction efficiencies of Cr(III), Cr(VI), As(III), As(V), Se(IV), and Se(VI) for speciation of inorganic Cr, As, and Se species in high-salt-content samples when using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the 3D-printed solid phase extraction columns with the TiO2 NP-coated porous monoliths extracted these species with 5.0- to 21.9-fold enhancements, relative to those obtained with the uncoated monolith, with absolute extraction efficiencies ranging from 84.5 to 98.3% and method detection limits ranging from 0.7 to 32.3 ng L-1. We validated the reliability of this multi-elemental speciation method through determination of these species in four reference materials [CASS-4 (nearshore seawater), SLRS-5 (river water), 1643f (fresh water), and Seronorm Trace Elements Urine L-2 (human urine); relative errors between certified and measured concentrations: 5.6 to +4.0%] and spike analyses of seawater, river water, agriculture waste, and human urine samples (spike recoveries: 96-104%; relative standard deviations of these measured concentrations all below 4.3%). Our results demonstrate that post-printing functionalization has great potential for future applicability in 3DP-enabling analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Słoma M. 3D printed electronics with nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5623-5648. [PMID: 36880539 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of printing, deposition and writing techniques have been incorporated to fabricate electronic devices in the last decades. This approach, printed electronics, has gained great interest in research and practical applications and is successfully fuelling the growth in materials science and technology. On the other hand, a new player is emerging, additive manufacturing, called 3D printing, introducing a new capability to create geometrically complex constructs with low cost and minimal material waste. Having such tremendous technology in our hands, it was just a matter of time to combine advances of printed electronics technology for the fabrication of unique 3D structural electronics. Nanomaterial patterning with additive manufacturing techniques can enable harnessing their nanoscale properties and the fabrication of active structures with unique electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic and biological properties. In this paper, we will briefly review the properties of selected nanomaterials suitable for electronic applications and look closer at the current achievements in the synergistic integration of nanomaterials with additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate 3D printed structural electronics. The focus is fixed strictly on techniques allowing as much as possible fabrication of spatial 3D objects, or at least conformal ones on 3D printed substrates, while only selected techniques are adaptable for 3D printing of electronics. Advances in the fabrication of conductive paths and circuits, passive components, antennas, active and photonic components, energy devices, microelectromechanical systems and sensors are presented. Finally, perspectives for development with new nanomaterials, multimaterial and hybrid techniques, bioelectronics, integration with discrete components and 4D-printing are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Słoma
- Micro- and Nanotechnology Division, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 8 Sw. A Boboli St., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen J, Zhang S, Fang X, Salmon S. Advances in 3D Gel Printing for Enzyme Immobilization. Gels 2022; 8:460. [PMID: 35892719 PMCID: PMC9331464 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating enzymes with three-dimensional (3D) printing is an exciting new field of convergence research that holds infinite potential for creating highly customizable components with diverse and efficient biocatalytic properties. Enzymes, nature's nanoscale protein-based catalysts, perform crucial functions in biological systems and play increasingly important roles in modern chemical processing methods, cascade reactions, and sensor technologies. Immobilizing enzymes on solid carriers facilitates their recovery and reuse, improves stability and longevity, broadens applicability, and reduces overall processing and chemical conversion costs. Three-dimensional printing offers extraordinary flexibility for creating high-resolution complex structures that enable completely new reactor designs with versatile sub-micron functional features in macroscale objects. Immobilizing enzymes on or in 3D printed structures makes it possible to precisely control their spatial location for the optimal catalytic reaction. Combining the rapid advances in these two technologies is leading to completely new levels of control and precision in fabricating immobilized enzyme catalysts. The goal of this review is to promote further research by providing a critical discussion of 3D printed enzyme immobilization methods encompassing both post-printing immobilization and immobilization by physical entrapment during 3D printing. Especially, 3D printed gel matrix techniques offer mild single-step entrapment mechanisms that produce ideal environments for enzymes with high retention of catalytic function and unparalleled fabrication control. Examples from the literature, comparisons of the benefits and challenges of different combinations of the two technologies, novel approaches employed to enhance printed hydrogel physical properties, and an outlook on future directions are included to provide inspiration and insights for pursuing work in this promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaomeng Fang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA; (J.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sonja Salmon
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA; (J.S.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pose-Boirazian T, Martínez-Costas J, Eibes G. 3D Printing: An Emerging Technology for Biocatalyst Immobilization. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200110. [PMID: 35579179 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Employment of enzymes as biocatalysts offers immense benefits across diverse sectors in the context of green chemistry, biodegradability, and sustainability. When compared to free enzymes in solution, enzyme immobilization proposes an effective means of improving functional efficiency and operational stability. The advance of printable and functional materials utilized in additive manufacturing, coupled with the capability to produce bespoke geometries, has sparked great interest towards the 3D printing of immobilized enzymes. Printable biocatalysts represent a new generation of enzyme immobilization in a more customizable and adaptable manner, unleashing their potential functionalities for countless applications in industrial biotechnology. This review provides an overview of enzyme immobilization techniques and 3D printing technologies, followed by illustrations of the latest 3D printed enzyme-immobilized industrial and clinical applications. The unique advantages of harnessing 3D printing as an enzyme immobilization technique will be presented, alongside a discussion on its potential limitations. Finally, the future perspectives of integrating 3D printing with enzyme immobilization will be considered, highlighting the endless possibilities that are achievable in both research and industry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pose-Boirazian
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Jose Martínez-Costas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shao Y, Liao Z, Gao B, He B. Emerging 3D Printing Strategies for Enzyme Immobilization: Materials, Methods, and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11530-11543. [PMID: 35449952 PMCID: PMC9016833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the strategies of enzyme immobilization possess attractive advantages that contribute to realizing recovery or reuse of enzymes and improving their stability, they have become one of the most desirable techniques in industrial catalysis, biosensing, and biomedicine. Among them, 3D printing is the emerging and most potential enzyme immobilization strategy. The main advantages of 3D printing strategies for enzyme immobilization are that they can directly produce complex channel structures at low cost, and the printed scaffolds with immobilized enzymes can be completely modified just by changing the original design graphics. In this review, a comprehensive set of developments in the fields of 3D printing techniques, materials, and strategies for enzyme immobilization and the potential applications in industry and biomedicine are summarized. In addition, we put forward some challenges and possible solutions for the development of this field and some possible development directions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhijun Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Su CK. Review of 3D-Printed functionalized devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1158:338348. [PMID: 33863415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in three-dimensional printing (3DP) have attracted the attention of analytical scientists interested in fabricating 3D devices having promising geometric functions to achieve desirable analytical performance. To break through the barrier of limited availability of 3DP materials and to extend the chemical reactivity and functionalities of devices manufactured using conventional 3DP, new approaches are being developed for the functionalization of 3D-printed devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. This Review discusses recent advances in the chemical functionalization schemes used in the main 3DP technologies, including (i) post-printing modification and surface immobilization of reactive substances on printed materials, (ii) pre-printing incorporation of reactive substances into raw printing materials, and (iii) combinations of both strategies, and their effects on the selectivity and/or sensitivity of related analytical methods. In addition, the state of the art of 3D-printed functionalized analytical devices for enzymatic derivatization and sensing, electrochemical sensing, and sample pretreatment applications are also reviewed, highlighting the importance of introducing new functional and functionalized materials to facilitate future 3DP-enabled manufacturing of multifunctional analytical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Abstract
The rapid development of additive technologies in recent years is accompanied by their intensive introduction into various fields of science and related technologies, including analytical chemistry. The use of 3D printing in analytical instrumentation, in particular, for making prototypes of new equipment and manufacturing parts having complex internal spatial configuration, has been proved as exceptionally effective. Additional opportunities for the widespread introduction of 3D printing technologies are associated with the development of new optically transparent, current- and thermo-conductive materials, various composite materials with desired properties, as well as possibilities for printing with the simultaneous combination of several materials in one product. This review will focus on the application of 3D printing for production of new advanced analytical devices, such as compact chromatographic columns for high performance liquid chromatography, flow reactors and flow cells for detectors, devices for passive concentration of toxic compounds and various integrated devices that allow significant improvements in chemical analysis. A special attention is paid to the complexity and functionality of 3D-printed devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N. Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1–3 Leninskie Gory , GSP-3 , Moscow , Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hales S, Tokita E, Neupane R, Ghosh U, Elder B, Wirthlin D, Kong YL. 3D printed nanomaterial-based electronic, biomedical, and bioelectronic devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:172001. [PMID: 31805540 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5f29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to seamlessly integrate functional materials into three-dimensional (3D) constructs has been of significant interest, as it can enable the creation of multifunctional devices. Such integration can be achieved with a multiscale, multi-material 3D printing strategy. This technology has enabled the creation of unique devices such as personalized tissue regenerative scaffolds, biomedical implants, 3D electronic devices, and bionic constructs which are challenging to realize with conventional manufacturing processes. In particular, the incorporation of nanomaterials into 3D printed devices can endow a wide range of constructs with tailorable mechanical, chemical, and electrical functionalities. This review highlights the advances and unique possibilities in the fabrication of novel electronic, biomedical, and bioelectronic devices that are realized by the synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hales
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jalali M, Moakhar RS, Abdelfattah T, Filine E, Mahshid SS, Mahshid S. Nanopattern-Assisted Direct Growth of Peony-like 3D MoS 2/Au Composite for Nonenzymatic Photoelectrochemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7411-7422. [PMID: 31922713 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chalcogenide material MoS2 has been recognized as a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications due to its enhanced photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities. However, few reports have been focused on the designated catalytic MoS2 for the nonenzymatic PEC sensing of small molecules. Here, we report on a novel in situ and fab-free method for the direct growth of three-dimensional (3D) porous Peony-like MoS2 nanosheets supported by nanohole-patterned TiO2 and composited with gold deposits. The direct growth resulted in enhanced electrical conductivity between the substrate and 3D-standing MoS2 nanosheets and thus the uniform distribution of gold electrodeposits from the MoS2 lattice. The hybrid 3D MoS2/gold nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced abundance of exposed catalytic edge sites and improved optic and electrical coupling, which ultimately led to excellent photoelectrochemical activities. We performed full characterization of the morphology, crystallinity, lattice configuration, and optical properties of hybrid MoS2 nanosheets via field emission scanning microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray, Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopies. The 3D COMSOL simulation also confirmed enhanced electric field distribution at the interface of the proposed 3D MoS2/gold nanocomposite electrode in comparison with other morphologies. We acquired the Peony-like 3D MoS2/Au composite for photoelectrochemical sensing of glucose in buffer and diluted plasma solutions with a very low limit of detection of 1.3 nM and superb sensitivity in plasma. Overall, we have successfully synergized both electrical and optical merits from individual components to form a novel composite, which offered an effective scaffold for the development of PEC sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0E9 , Canada
| | | | - Tamer Abdelfattah
- Department of Bioengineering , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0E9 , Canada
| | - Elizabeth Filine
- Department of Bioengineering , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0E9 , Canada
| | - Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , ON M4N 3M5 , Canada
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering , McGill University , Montreal , QC H3A 0E9 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Calderilla C, Maya F, Cerdà V, Leal LO. Direct photoimmobilization of extraction disks on "green state" 3D printed devices. Talanta 2019; 202:67-73. [PMID: 31171229 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-curing is essential to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts fabricated by stereolithography (SLA), since right after 3D printing they remain in a "green state". It means that the 3D printed parts have reached their final shape, but the polymerization reaction has not been yet completed. Herein, we take advantage of the tacky partially polymerized surface of "green state" SLA 3D printed parts to immobilize extraction disks and miniature magnets, which after UV post-curing, become permanently attached to the 3D printed part resulting in a rotating-disk sorptive extraction device (RDSE). The developed "stick & cure" procedure is reagent-free and does not require any additional preparation time, specialized skills, or instrumentation. As proof of concept, 3D printed RDSE devices with immobilized chelating disks have been applied to the simultaneous extraction of 14 trace metals prior to ICP-OES determination, featuring LODs between 0.03 and 1.27 μg L-1, and an excellent device-to-device reproducibility (n = 5, RSD = 2.7-8.3%). The developed method was validated using certified wastewater and soil reference samples, and satisfactory spiking recoveries were obtained in the analysis of highly polluted solid waste treatment plant leachates (89-110%). In addition, exploiting the versatility of 3D printing, nine RDSE devices with different shapes were fabricated. Their performance was evaluated and compared for the fast extraction of the highly toxic Cr (VI) as its 1,5-diphenylcarbazide complex in reversed-phase mode, showing different extraction performance on depending on the shape of the 3D printed RDSE device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Fernando Maya
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luz O Leal
- Environment and Energy Department, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li F, Macdonald NP, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Increasing the functionalities of 3D printed microchemical devices by single material, multimaterial, and print-pause-print 3D printing. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 19:35-49. [PMID: 30475367 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as a valuable approach for the fabrication of fluidic devices and may replace soft-lithography as the method of choice for rapid prototyping. The potential of this disruptive technology is much greater than this - it allows for functional integration in a single, highly automated manufacturing step in a cost and time effective manner. Integration of functionality with a 3D printer can be done through spatial configuration of a single material, inserting pre-made components mid-print in a print-pause-print approach, and/or through the precise spatial deposition of different materials with a multimaterial printer. This review provides an overview on the ways in which 3D printing has been exploited to create and use fluidic devices with different functionality, which provides a basis for critical reflection on the current deficiencies and future opportunities for integration by 3D printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Private Bag 20000, 3220 Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|