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Amir Hamzah K, Turner N, Nichols D, Ney LJ. Advances in targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine quantification in biological matrices: A systematic review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38958096 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography paired with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the gold standard in measurement of endocannabinoid concentrations in biomatrices. We conducted a systematic review of literature to identify advances in targeted LC-MS/MS methods in the period 2017-2024. We found that LC-MS/MS methods for endocannabinoid quantification are relatively consistent both across time and across biomatrices. Recent advances have primarily been in three areas: (1) sample preparation techniques, specific to the chosen biomatrix; (2) the range of biomatrices tested, recently favoring blood matrices; and (3) the breadth of endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like analytes incorporated into assays. This review provides a summary of the recent literature and a guide for researchers looking to establish the best methods for quantifying endocannabinoids in a range of biomatrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalisa Amir Hamzah
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Department of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie Turner
- The Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Luke J Ney
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Department of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Woźniczka K, Konieczyński P, Plenis A, Bączek T, Roszkowska A. SPME as a green sample-preparation technique for the monitoring of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids in complex matrices. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1117-1134. [PMID: 38024858 PMCID: PMC10657972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), particularly its signaling pathways and ligands, has garnered considerable interest in recent years. Along with clinical work investigating the ECS' functions, including its role in the development of neurological and inflammatory conditions, much research has focused on developing analytical protocols enabling the precise monitoring of the levels and metabolism of the most potent ECS ligands: exogenous phytocannabinoids (PCs) and endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids, ECs). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an advanced, non-exhaustive sample-preparation technique that facilitates the precise and efficient isolation of trace amounts of analytes, thus making it appealing for the analysis of PCs and ECs in complex matrices of plant and animal/human origin. In this paper, we review recent forensic medicine and toxicological studies wherein SPME has been applied to monitor levels of PCs and ECs in complex matrices, determine their effects on organism physiology, and assess their role in the development of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Woźniczka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hsieh SA, Shamsaei D, Ocaña-Rios I, Anderson JL. Batch Scale Production of 3D Printed Extraction Sorbents Using a Low-Cost Modification to a Desktop Printer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13417-13422. [PMID: 37647518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a simple modification to a commercial resin 3D printer that significantly reduces the amount of prepolymer material needed for the production of extraction sorbents. The modified printing platform is demonstrated in the printing of two imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) monomers. Two geometries resembling a blade-type polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent used in thin-film microextraction and a fiber-type sorbent used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) were printed. The SPME PIL sorbents were used to extract 10 organic contaminants, including plasticizers, antimicrobial agents, UV filters, and pesticides, from water followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. To compare the extraction performance of the SPME sorbents, seven fibers printed with the same prepolymer composition from the same printing batch as well as different batches were evaluated. The results revealed highly reproducible extraction efficiencies for all tested sorbents with no statistical difference in their extraction performance. Method validation showed acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.92) for all analytes with limits of detection and limits of quantification ranging from 0.13 to 45 μg L-1 and 0.43 to 150 μg L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-An Hsieh
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Danial Shamsaei
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Iran Ocaña-Rios
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Medina DAV, Cardoso AT, Borsatto JVB, Lanças FM. Open tubular liquid chromatography: Recent advances and future trends. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300373. [PMID: 37582640 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC) is gaining significant attention as a primary analytical technique across various scientific domains. Unlike conventional high-performance LC, nanoLC utilizes columns with inner diameters (i.ds.) usually ranging from 10 to 150 μm and operates at mobile phase flow rates between 10 and 1000 nl/min, offering improved chromatographic performance and detectability. Currently, most exploration of nanoLC has focused on particle-packed columns. Although open tubular LC (OTLC) can provide superior performance, optimized OTLC columns require very narrow i.ds. (< 10 μm) and demand challenging instrumentation. At the moment, these challenges have limited the success of OTLC. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has been made in developing and utilizing OTLC systems featuring narrow columns (< 2 μm). Additionally, significant efforts have been made to explore larger columns (10-75 μm i.d), demonstrating practical applicability in many situations. Due to their perceived advantages, interest in OTLC has resurged in the last two decades. This review provides an updated outlook on the latest developments in OTLC, focusing on instrumental challenges, achievements, and advancements in column technology. Moreover, it outlines selected applications that illustrate the potential of OTLC for performing targeted and untargeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyber Arley Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Timoteo Cardoso
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor Basolli Borsatto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roszkowska A, Klejbor I, Bogusiewicz J, Plenis A, Bojko B, Kowalik K, Moryś J, Bączek T. Monitoring of age- and gender-related alterations of endocannabinoid levels in selected brain regions with the use of SPME probes. Metabolomics 2023; 19:40. [PMID: 37043024 PMCID: PMC10097736 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The endocannabinoid system consists of different types of receptors, enzymes and endocannabinoids (ECs), which are involved in several physiological processes, but also play important role in the development and progression of central nervous system disorders. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to apply precise and sensitive methodology for monitoring of four ECs, namely anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA), 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (2-AGe) in selected brain regions of female and male rats at different stages of development (young, adult and old). METHODS Biocompatible solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probes were introduced into the intact (non-homogenized) brain structures for isolation of four ECs, and the extracts were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Two chemometric approaches, namely hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to provide more information about the levels of 2-AG and AEA in different brain structures. RESULTS 2-AG and AEA were extracted and could be quantified in each brain region; the level of 2-AG was significantly higher in comparison to the level of AEA. Two highly unstable ECs, NADA and 2-AGe, were captured by SPME probes from intact brain samples for the first time. CONCLUSION SPME probes were able to isolate highly unstable endogenous compounds from intact tissue, and provided new tools for precise analysis of the level and distribution of ECs in different brain regions. Monitoring of ECs in brain samples is important not only in physiological conditions, but also may contribute to better understanding of the functioning of the endocannabinoid system in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Klejbor
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusiewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS assay for quantification of endocannabinoids in cerebrospinal fluid using surrogate calibrant and surrogate matrix approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kohansal F, Mobed A, Ansari R, Hasanzadeh M, Ahmadalipour A, Shadjou N. An innovative electrochemical immuno-platform towards ultra-sensitive monitoring of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in samples from rats with sleep deprivation: bioanalysis of endogenous cannabinoids using biosensor technology. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14154-14166. [PMID: 35558840 PMCID: PMC9092357 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and plays a key role in regulating cognitive and physiological processes. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is one of the imperative endocannabinoids that play key roles in the central nervous system. It acts as a signaling lipid and activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In addition, 2-AG is involved in a variety of physiological functions such as energy balance, emotion, pain sensation, cognition, and neuroinflammation. So, rapid and specific diagnosis of 2-AG is of great importance in medical neuroscience. The development of new methods in this area has been one of the most important research areas in recent years. Herein, an innovative immunosensor is developed for quantification of 2-AG. For this means, gold nanostars (GNS) were synthesized and conjugated with a specific biotinylated antibody against 2-AG. The resultant bioconjugate, a bioreceptor with GNS, was immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode and used for the detection of the antigen based on the immunocomplex formation followed by analysis using different electrochemical techniques. For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.48–1 ng mL−1 and lower limit of quantification of 0.48 ng L−1 by the electroanalysis method. The engineered immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, proving its utility in neurological disorder detection. This immunosensor is the first sandwich type immunoassay for the detection of 2-AG in real samples and the first innovation of designing a novel sandwich type immunosensor for this analyte. Also, excellent analytical results are other advantages of this biosensor for the detection of 2-AG in human plasma samples and serum samples of rats under sleep deprivation. So, this is the first report of an immunosensor of 2-AG using a sandwich type immunosensor. A novel electrochemical immunosensor based gold nanoparticles for the sensitive recognition of 2-AG was introduced.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Kohansal
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Aging Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Rana Ansari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran .,Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadalipour
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Science and Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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Liu C, Raza F, Qian H, Tian X. Recent advances in poly(ionic liquid)s for biomedical application. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2524-2539. [PMID: 35411889 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are polymers containing ions in their side-chain or backbone, and the designability and outstanding physicochemical properties of PILs have attracted widespread attention from researchers. PILs have specific characteristics, including negligible vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability, non-flammability, and self-assembly capabilities. PILs can be well combined with advanced analytical instruments and technology and have made outstanding contributions to the development of biomedicine aiding in the continuous advancement of science and technology. Here we reviewed the advances of PILs in the biomedical field in the past five years with a focus on applications in proteomics, drug delivery, and development. This paper aims to engage pharmaceutical and biomedical scientists to full understand PILs and accelerate the progress from laboratory research to industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Souza ID, Anderson JL, Queiroz MEC. Crosslinked zwitterionic polymeric ionic liquid-functionalized nitinol wires for fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction and UHPLC-MS/MS as an amyloid beta peptide binding protein assay in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Delińska K, Rakowska PW, Kloskowski A. Porous material-based sorbent coatings in solid-phase microextraction technique: Recent trends and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sempio C, Klawitter J, Jackson M, Freni F, Shillingburg R, Hutchison K, Bidwell LC, Christians U, Klawitter J. Analysis of 14 endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid congeners in human plasma using column switching high-performance atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3381-3392. [PMID: 33817753 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell-signaling system. To address the growing need of analytics capturing endocannabinoid levels to investigate the ECS, we developed and validated an assay for the quantitative analysis of 14 endocannabinoids and congeners. A simple extraction using protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by online-trapping high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS) was used to monitor the levels of 14 endocannabinoids in plasma. The assay was validated and intra-run and inter-run accuracies and imprecisions as well as matrix effects, recoveries, and sample stabilities were determined. As a proof of concept, a subset of study samples after naturalistic administration of Cannabis flower and concentrate was analyzed. With the exception of N-oleoyl dopamine and oleamide, all endocannabinoids fulfilled the predefined acceptance criteria. Reproducible recoveries and no significant matrix effects were observed. Sample stability was an issue. Analysis of the proof-of-concept study samples revealed a significantly (p = 0.006) higher concentration of docosatetraenoyl ethanolamide in concentrate users (300 ± 13 pg/mL) compared to flower users (252 ± 11 pg/mL). A robust, sensitive high-throughput assay for the quantitation of 14 endocannabinoids and congeners was successfully validated. Our study showed that it is mandatory to (A) appropriately stabilize samples and (B) separate and separately quantify 1-AG and 2-AG; otherwise, study results are unreliable. The analysis of study samples from Cannabis flower users versus Cannabis concentrate users revealed higher levels of docosatetraenoyl ethanolamide and anandamide (n.s.) in high THC concentrate users in accordance with the existing literature, supporting the validity of the assay measurements. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sempio
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew Jackson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Francesca Freni
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ryan Shillingburg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Ahmad SM, Gonçalves OC, Oliveira MN, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF. Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2168. [PMID: 33918766 PMCID: PMC8070059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M. Ahmad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Oriana C. Gonçalves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Mariana N. Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. F. Nogueira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Grecco CF, Souza ID, Queiroz MEC. Novel materials as capillary coatings for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction for bioanalysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1662-1693. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fernandes Grecco
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Israel Donizeti Souza
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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16
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Cooray R, Gupta V, Suphioglu C. Current Aspects of the Endocannabinoid System and Targeted THC and CBD Phytocannabinoids as Potential Therapeutics for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4878-4890. [PMID: 32813239 PMCID: PMC7515854 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration leading to Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major health burden globally. Current treatments mainly target controlling symptoms and there are no therapeutics available in clinical practice to preventing the neurodegeneration or inducing neuronal repairing. Thus, the demand of novel research for the two disorders is imperative. This literature review aims to provide a collection of published work on PD and AD and current uses of endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a potential drug target for neurodegeneration. PD is frequently treated with L-DOPA and deep brain stimulation. Recent gene modification and remodelling techniques, such as CRISPR through human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have shown promising strategy for personalised medicine. AD characterised by extracellular deposits of amyloid β-senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein commonly uses choline acetyltransferase enhancers as therapeutics. The ECS is currently being studied as PD and AD drug targets where overexpression of ECS receptors exerted neuroprotection against PD and reduced neuroinflammation in AD. The delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoid (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) cannabinoids of plant Cannabis sativa have shown neuroprotection upon PD and AD animal models yet triggered toxic effects on patients when administered directly. Therefore, understanding the precise molecular cascade following cannabinoid treatment is suggested, focusing especially on gene expression to identify drug targets for preventing and repairing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cooray
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research & Development in Health & Social Care, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - V Gupta
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - C Suphioglu
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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17
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Sommer FO, Appelt JS, Barke I, Speller S, Kragl U. UV-Polymerized Vinylimidazolium Ionic Liquids for Permselective Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E308. [PMID: 33126526 PMCID: PMC7692284 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are highly charged compounds with increasing applications in material science. A universal approach to synthesize free-standing, vinylalkylimidazolium bromide-containing membranes with an adjustable thickness is presented. By the variation of alkyl side chains, membrane characteristics such as flux and mechanical properties can be adjusted. The simultaneous use of different ionic liquids (ILs) in the synthesis can also improve the membrane properties. In separation application, these charged materials allowed us to retain charged sugars, such as calcium gluconate, by up to 95%, while similar neutral compounds such as glucose passed the membrane. An analysis of the surface conditions using atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the experimental data and explains the decreasing permeance and increased retention of the charged sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridolin O. Sommer
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (F.O.S.); (I.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Jana-Sophie Appelt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Ingo Barke
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (F.O.S.); (I.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sylvia Speller
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (F.O.S.); (I.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Kragl
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (F.O.S.); (I.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
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18
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Ionic liquids in the microextraction techniques: The influence of ILs structure and properties. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Beiranvand M, Ghiasvand A. Design and optimization of the VA-TV-SPME method for ultrasensitive determination of the PAHs in polluted water. Talanta 2020; 212:120809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Bioanalytical HPLC Applications of In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction: A Two-Decade Overview. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092096. [PMID: 32365828 PMCID: PMC7248733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-tube solid phase microextraction is a cutting-edge sample treatment technique offering significant advantages in terms of miniaturization, green character, automation, and preconcentration prior to analysis. During the past years, there has been a considerable increase in the reported publications, as well as in the research groups focusing their activities on this technique. In the present review article, HPLC bioanalytical applications of in-tube SPME are discussed, covering a wide time frame of twenty years of research reports. Instrumental aspects towards the coupling of in-tube SPME and HPLC are also discussed, and detailed information on materials/coatings and applications in biological samples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-099-7663
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21
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Trujillo‐Rodríguez MJ, Pino V, Miró M. High‐throughput microscale extraction using ionic liquids and derivatives: A review. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1890-1907. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química (Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica)Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de CanariasUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL) Tenerife Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI‐TRACE group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Balearic Islands Palma Spain
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22
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Tian Y, Feng X, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Wang X, Tian M. Determination of Volatile Water Pollutants Using Cross-Linked Polymeric Ionic Liquid as Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020292. [PMID: 32024255 PMCID: PMC7077427 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids found a wide application in catalysis and extraction due to their unique properties. Herein, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and 1-vinyl-3- butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as functional monomer via thermally initiated free-radical polymerization was prepared as a novel copolymer solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coating. A surface modified stainless-steel wire was implemented as the substrate. Factors affecting the extraction performances of the copolymer, including the molar ratio of monomers to cross-linkers, the amount of porogen agent, and polymerization time were evaluated and optimized. To evaluate the extraction performance, five commonly seen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were taken as the analytical targets. The potential factors affecting extraction efficiency were optimized. The as-prepared SPME device, coupled with gas chromatography, was successfully applied for the determination of PAHs in water samples. The wide linear range, low detection limit, good reproducibility, selectivity, and excellent thermal stability indicate the promising application of the newly developed SPME fiber in environmental monitoring as well as in other samples having complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Xilan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-755-2603-5201 (Q.Y.); +86-755-2603-6618 (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-755-2603-5201 (Q.Y.); +86-755-2603-6618 (X.W.)
| | - Mengkui Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (X.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
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23
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Marchioni C, Vieira TM, Miller Crotti AE, Crippa JA, Costa Queiroz ME. In-tube solid-phase microextraction with a dummy molecularly imprinted monolithic capillary coupled to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine cannabinoids in plasma samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1099:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Li C, Sun M, Ji X, Han S, Feng J, Guo W, Feng J. Triazine‐based organic polymers@SiO
2
nanospheres for sensitive solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:622-630. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Sen Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 P.R. China
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25
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Determination of anandamide in cerebrospinal fluid samples by disposable pipette extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1130-1131:121809. [PMID: 31669634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method that uses disposable pipette extraction (DPX-UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF). The DPX parameters sorption equilibrium time, sample volume, number of draw-eject cycles, washing solvent volume, and elution solvent volume were optimized by design of experiments (DOE) techniques. The simple DPX protocol proposed herein required a reduced amount of CSF sample and organic solvent. The DPX-UHPLC-MS/MS method presented linear range from 0.10 ng mL-1 (LLOQ) to 3.0 ng mL-1, inter- and intra-assay accuracy with EPR values varying from -8.2% to 9.6%, inter- and intra-assay precision with CV values ranging from 1.3% to 14.8% (except for the LLOQ), and no significant matrix effect. The innovative DPX-UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine AEA in CSF samples from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and should therefore be used in clinical studies.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik A. Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Marcinkowska R, Konieczna K, Marcinkowski Ł, Namieśnik J, Kloskowski A. Application of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques: Current trends and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Analysis of endocannabinoids in plasma samples by biocompatible solid-phase microextraction devices coupled to mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:135-145. [PMID: 31679567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) represent two of the most important endocannabinoids (ECs) investigated in neurobiology as therapeutic targets for several mental disorders. However, the determination of these ECs in biological matrices remains a challenging task because of the low concentrations, low stability and high protein-bound (LogP ∼ 6). This work describes innovative analytical methods based on biocompatible SPME (Bio-SPME), SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS and Bio-SPME-Nano-ESI-MS/MS, to determine AEA and 2-AG in human plasma samples. The direct coupling of Bio-SPME with nano-ESI-MS/MS can be considered an alternative tool for faster analysis. Different Bio-SPME fibers based on silica and polymeric coating (i.e. C18, C30, and HLB) were evaluated. Different desorption solvents based on combinations of methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropanol were also evaluated for efficient elution with minimum carry-over. Given the high protein binding analytes and the fact that SPME extracts the free-concentration of the analytes, the plasma samples were modified with additives such as guanidine hydrochloride (Gu-HCl), trifluoroacetic acid, and acetonitrile. This study was carried out by experimental design to achieve complete protein denaturation and the release of target analytes. The maximum extraction efficiency was obtained under the following conditions: HLB coated fibers (10 mm length, 20 μm coating thickness), matrix modified (300 μL of plasma) with 50 μL of Gu-HCL 1 mol L-1, 75 μL of ACN and 75 μL of water, and desorption with methanol/isopropanol solution (50:50, v/v). Both methods were validated based on current international guidelines and can be applied for monitoring of concentrations of endocannabinoids in plasma samples. SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS method presented lower LOQ values than SPME-nanoESI-MS/MS. The additional separation (chromatographic column) favored the detectability of LC-MS/MS method. However, the SPME-nano-ESI-MS/MS decrease the total analysis time, due to significant reductions in desorption and detection times.
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29
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Lam SC, Sanz Rodriguez E, Haddad PR, Paull B. Recent advances in open tubular capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2019; 144:3464-3482. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers advances and applications of open tubular capillary liquid chromatography (OT-LC) over the period 2007–2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Chung Lam
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
| | - Brett Paull
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
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30
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Nan H, Varona M, Emaus MN, Souza ID, Anderson JL. Advances of Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:505-531. [PMID: 30335970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - He Nan
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Miranda N Emaus
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Israel D Souza
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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