1
|
Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M, Kaempf R. Improved method robustness and ruggedness in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry by increasing the acid content of the mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464694. [PMID: 38306921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
A routine multiresidue method developed for the detection and quantification of veterinary drug residues in animal-based food was used to analyze sheep (ovine) liver. Unlike when working with previously validated matrices (e.g., bovine liver), some of the analytes of interest chromatographed in the form of split- or even fully baseline separated peaks. In other cases a significantly longer retention times (tR) was observed. A detailed investigation led to the elucidation of taurocholic acid as the causative agent. This compound is present in sheep liver at significantly higher concentrations than in most other animal tissues. Taurocholic acid is a zwitterionic compound and likely acts as an ion pairing agent, which modifies the selectivity of the stationary phase in a highly spatial and dynamic way. Injecting smaller volumes of matrix extract or the use of a significantly higher formic acid concentration in the mobile phase reduced or even completely eliminated the peak splitting. A more detailed examination led to the observation that the problem is not restricted to this particular matrix and extraction procedure or the used stationary phase. In fact, a higher formic acid concentration (e.g., 1.0 % versus 0.1 %) significantly improves the peak shape of many analytes present in fortified matrix samples as well as in pure standard solutions. In addition, analytical column aging was observed as being slower with a higher formic acid concentration. Finally the peak shape of analytes interacting with the metallic parts along the flow path of the liquid chromatograph was also significantly improved. Use of 0.1 % acid in mobile phases is often taken for granted in LC-MS. Regardless of the stationary phase, a higher ionic strength better stabilizes the pH and reduces unwanted interactions, which ultimately improves the method robustness. Flow injection experiments often show that 0.1 % acid concentrations produce the highest analyte signals. Yet, the use of 1 % acid in the mobile phase often leads to narrower and therefore taller chromatographic peaks, which may lead to lower detection limits for many analytes and to an improved separation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - P Butcher
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Maden
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Walker
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Widmer
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Kaempf
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva MC, Rocha DG, Lana MAG, de Assis DCS, Pereira MDPM, Faria AF. Multiresidue Determination of Growth Promoters in Bovine Serum using QuEChERS and UHPLC-Q-ORBITRAP: Validation and In Vivo Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15766-15773. [PMID: 37843073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A reliable method using a QuEChERS approach and liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for the quantification of 20 growth promoters in bovine serum. The recoveries ranged from 91.4-114.1%, relative standard deviations varied between 0.3-4.0%, and CCα values were between 0.023-0.350 μg L-1. The developed method was applied in an in vivo study using steers, which were intramuscularly treated with commercial injections containing stanozolol. A rapid metabolization was observed, with a detection window ranging from 3 to 10 days. The stability of incurred stanozolol was confirmed after 240 days at -20 °C and also after 5 freeze-thaw cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which an in vivo study was performed to support the monitoring of stanozolol in bovine serum. In addition, the use of Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry allows for retrospective analysis from a surveillance perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diego G Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária - Brazil, Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo, MG 33250-220, Brazil
| | - Débora C S de Assis
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Marianna de P M Pereira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Design and Validation of a Sensitive Multisteroid LC-MS/MS Assay for the Routine Clinical Use: One-Step Sample Preparation with Phospholipid Removal and Comparison to Immunoassays. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314691. [PMID: 36499017 PMCID: PMC9736865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid analysis in clinical laboratories is dominated by immunoassays (IAs) that have a high sample turnover but are inherently limited in trueness, precision, and sensitivity. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has proved to be a far more capable tool, delivering better sensitivity, specificity, and the possibility of parallel analysis of multiple steroids and metabolites, providing the endocrinologist with more reliable and comprehensive diagnostic information. An LC-MS/MS assay with gradient elution over less than eight minutes and a one-step sample preparation combining protein precipitation with phospholipid removal of off-line solid-phase extraction was developed and validated. It allowed the quantification of 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC), 11-deoxycortisol (11-DF), 17-OH-progesterone (17P), 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF), androstenedione (ANDRO), aldosterone (ALDO), corticosterone (CC), cortisol (CL), cortisone (CN), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG), and testosterone (TES) in human serum. Interday imprecision was generally better than 15%, trueness was proven by recovery experiments with ISO 17034-certified reference materials, proficiency testing (UK NEQAS), and measuring serum reference standards. In-house comparison against IVD-CE-certified immunoassays (IA) for 17P, ANDRO, CL, DHEAS, E2, PROG, and TES was conducted by assessing leftover routine patient samples and purpose-built patient serum pools. None of the compared routine IAs were meeting the standards of the LC-MS/MS. Insufficient overall comparability was found for ANDRO and 17P (mean bias > +65%). Accuracy limitations at lower concentrations were present in IAs for PROG, E2, and TES.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jongedijk E, Fifeik M, Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Polzer J, Blokland M, Sterk S. Use of high-resolution mass spectrometry for veterinary drug multi-residue analysis. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Shi P, Wang Y, Wu W, Xia B, Zhou Y. A novel functionalized covalent organic framework/carbon nanotube composite as an effective online solid-phase extraction sorbent for simultaneous detection of 33 steroid hormones in pork. Food Chem 2022; 379:132111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
6
|
da Silva MC, Rocha DG, Pereira MDPM, Lana MAG, Assis DCSD, Faria AF. In Vivo Administration of Stanozolol in Cattle: Depletion and Stability Studies Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4749-4754. [PMID: 35380851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo study was performed in order to evaluate the depletion time of stanozolol and its main metabolites using naturally incurred urine sample collected after the administration of intramuscular injections in 12 steers. A stability study was also carried out to investigate the influence of the storage period and the freeze-thaw cycles. A fast parent drug metabolization was observed, because within 6 h after drug administration, the signal of the metabolite 16β-hydroxystanozolol was predominant. After the second drug administration, a detection window of 17 days was obtained. The stability was studied using ANOVA, in which a storage condition of -20 °C proved stable during 240 days, which was also confirmed after 5 freeze-thaw cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diego G Rocha
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection of Minas Gerais, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of Brazil, Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/no, Olaria, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais 33250-220, Brazil
| | - Marianna de P M Pereira
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection of Minas Gerais, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of Brazil, Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/no, Olaria, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais 33250-220, Brazil
| | - Débora C S de Assis
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu S, Lin C, Lei K, Xin M, Wang B, Ouyang W, Liu X, He M. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in a typical urbanized bay of Yellow Sea, China: Distribution, risk assessment, and identification of priority pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117588. [PMID: 34153606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water are receiving particular attention as they pose adverse effects on aquatic systems, even at trace concentrations. A comprehensive study was conducted on 14 EDCs (five estrogens and nine household and personal care products (HPCPs)) in the water of the urbanized Jiaozhou Bay in the Yellow Sea during summer and winter. Results showed that the total concentration of 14 EDCs ranged from 100 to 658 ng L-1 and 56.7-212 ng L-1 in the estuarine and bay water, respectively. The average total concentration of five estrogens in summer was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in winter due to the higher precipitation dilution and degradations during summer, whereas the average total concentration of nine HPCPs was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during the summer than that during the winter because of the higher usage and emissions during the summer. Estrogens and HPCPs were dominated by 17α-ethinylestradiol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), respectively. High PHBA concentrations may be related to the hydrolysis of parabens. The total concentrations of EDCs were higher in the eastern coastal seawater of the bay due to the strong influence of domestic and industrial wastewater discharge. Estrogens may interfere with the endocrine system of aquatic organisms in the bay because the total estradiol equivalent concentration exceeded 1 ng L-1. 17α-ethinylestradiol was the main contributor to the estrogenic activity. The EDC mixtures posed high risks (RQ > 1) to mollusks, crustaceans, and fish, and low to moderate risks (RQ < 1) to algae. Fish was the most sensitive aquatic taxon to the EDC mixtures. Given the concentration and frequency of EDCs, the optimized risk quotient method revealed that 17α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, triclocarban, triclosan, and 17β-estradiol should be prioritized in ecological management because of their high risks (prioritization index of >1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ming Xin
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva MC, Borgati TF, Rocha DG, Lana MAG, Faria AF. A Quantitative and Confirmatory Method Employing Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and QuEChERS for the Determination of Thirty-Seven Growth Promoter Residues in Bovine Urine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7990-7996. [PMID: 34227807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 37 growth promoters were quantitatively determined in bovine urine using a QuEChERS approach with acetonitrile, NaCl, and MgSO4:PSA for sample extraction. The analytes were separated and detected by liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was validated in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines, in which recoveries fell within the range 84-113%, relative standard varied between 2 and 32%, and detection limit between 0.1 and 2.5 μg L-1. An adequate performance was evidenced during a proficiency test evaluation, and the developed method has been applied to routine analysis of growth promoters in Brazil. A highlight is the easiness of sample extraction combined with a quantitative determination of forbidden drugs using high-resolution mass spectrometry, which enables retrospective analysis in a surveillance perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry - Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Borgati
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Diego G Rocha
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry - Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gil-Solsona R, Sancho JV, Gassner AL, Weyermann C, Hernández F, Delémont O, Bijlsma L. Use of ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry in metabolomics studies to provide near MS/MS quality data in a single injection. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4718. [PMID: 33813797 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of ion mobility separations (IMSs) in metabolomics approaches has started to be deeply explored in the last years. In this work, the use of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to IMS-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS) has been evaluated in a metabolomics experiments using single injection of the samples. IMS has allowed obtaining cleaner fragmentation spectra, of nearly tandem MS quality, in data-independent acquisition mode. This is much useful in this research area as a second injection, generally applied in LC-QTOF MS workflows to obtain tandem mass spectra, is not necessary, saving time and evading possible compound degradation. As a case study, the smoke produced after combustion of herbal blends used to spray synthetic cannabinoids has been selected as study matrix. The smoke components were trapped in carbon cartridges, desorbed and analyzed by LC-IMS-QTOF MS using different separation mechanisms (reversed phase and HILIC) and acquiring in both positive and negative mode to widen the chemical domain. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis highlighted several compounds, and ratio between N-Isopropyl-3-(isoquinolinyl)-2-propen-1-amine and quinoline allowed differentiating between tobacco and herbal products. These two compounds were tentatively identified using the cleaner fragmentation spectra from a single injection in the IMS-QTOF MS, with additional confidence obtained by retention time (Rt) and collisional cross section (CCS) prediction using artificial neural networks. Data from this work show that LC-IMS-QTOF is an efficient technique in untargeted metabolomics, avoiding re-injection of the samples for elucidation purposes. In addition, the prediction models for Rt and CCS resulted of help in the elucidation process of potential biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Analytical Chemistry and Public Health, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA). Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan V Sancho
- Analytical Chemistry and Public Health, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA). Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Anne-Laure Gassner
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Weyermann
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Félix Hernández
- Analytical Chemistry and Public Health, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA). Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Olivier Delémont
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Analytical Chemistry and Public Health, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA). Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gravitte A, Archibald T, Cobble A, Kennard B, Brown S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5036. [PMID: 33226656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, presents a powerful tool for the quantification of the sex steroid hormones 17-β estradiol, progesterone and testosterone from biological matrices. The importance of accurate quantification with these hormones, even at endogenous levels, has evolved with our understanding of the role these regulators play in human development, fertility and disease risk and manifestation. Routine monitoring of these analytes can be accomplished by immunoassay techniques, which face limitations on specificity and sensitivity, or using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LC-MS/MS is growing in capability and acceptance for clinically relevant quantification of sex steroid hormones in biological matrices and is able to overcome many of the limitations of immunoassays. Analyte specificity has improved through the use of novel derivatizing agents, and sensitivity has been refined through the use of high-resolution chromatography and mass spectrometric technology. This review highlights these innovations, among others, in LC-MS/MS steroid hormone analysis captured in the literature over the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gravitte
- James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Archibald
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Allison Cobble
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Kennard
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johnson City, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122369. [PMID: 33091675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaufmann A. High-resolution mass spectrometry for bioanalytical applications: Is this the new gold standard? JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4533. [PMID: 32559824 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-based tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ) is termed the "gold standard" for bioanalytical applications because of its unpreceded selectivity, sensitivity, and the ruggedness of the technology. More recently, however, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become increasingly popular for bioanalytical applications. Nonetheless, this technique is still viewed, either as a screening technology or as a research tool. Although HRMS is actively discussed during scientific conferences, it is yet to be widely utilised in routine laboratory settings and there remains a reluctance to use HRMS for quantitative measurements in regulated environments. This paper does not aim to comprehensively describe the potential of the latest HRMS technology, but rather, it focuses on what results can be obtained and outlines the author's experiences over a period of many years of the routine application of various forms of HRMS instrumentation. Fifteen years ago, some nine different QqQ methods were used in the author's laboratory to analyse a variety of different veterinary drug resides. Today, many more analytes are quantified by seven HRMS methods and just three QqQ methods remain in use for the analysis of a small set of compounds yet to be upgraded to HRMS analysis. This continual upgrading and migration of analytical methods were accompanied by regularly participating in laboratory proficiency tests (PTs). The PT reports (covering a range of analytes and analytical methods) were used to compare the accuracy of HRMS- versus QqQ-based measurements. In the second part of this paper, the particular strengths and limitations of HRMS for both method development and routine measurements are critically discussed. This also includes some anecdotal experiences encountered when replacing QqQ assays with HRMS methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang K, Wang X, Xu Z, Yang S. Simultaneous determination of multi-class antibiotics and steroid hormones drugs in livestock and poultry faeces using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1467-1480. [PMID: 32618496 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1776900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous determination of multi-class antibiotics and steroid hormone analysis in faeces of livestock and poultry was developed using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS). An in-house database was built for 156 detected drugs using Personal Compound Database Library software (PCDL) including compound name, monoisotopic mass, chemical formula, RT, chemical structure and three CID MS/MS spectra. The linearity result showed that all the drugs exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.99. The drug recoveries and their RSDs for all three faeces samples (pig, cattle and chicken) were tested and 81, 96 and 92 drugs were chosen for analysis in pig, cattle and chicken faeces, respectively. Further validation showed that 73 veterinary drugs in all three kinds of faeces samples can be quantified in one analytical run. This work shows that qualitative and quantitative analysis using LC-QTOF MS represents a simple, sensitive, low-cost and high-throughput methodology in routine laboratory analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaufmann A, Maden K, Walker S. Partially overlapping sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra: A methodology to improve the spectra quality of veterinary drugs present at low concentrations in highly complex biological matrices. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8638. [PMID: 31659800 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Residues of veterinary drugs in food matrices have to be detected, identified and confirmed at low concentrations. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods such as the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra (SWATH) permit the extraction of relatively clean spectra out of complex matrices. Such spectra can be significantly improved by using a modified SWATH algorithm which provides several times narrower mass isolation windows without affecting the cycle time. METHODS A quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer was operated in a partially overlapping SWATH mode. Unlike in conventional SWATH, acquisition sequences are not identically repeated, but each sequence is initiated with a mass intercept (mass shift). Pearson correlation is used to assign HRMS-resolved product ions to the precursor mass of interest. Trace analytes (veterinary drugs) in a complex matrix extract (bovine liver) were investigated. RESULTS Utilizing identical cycle times, the partially overlapping SWATH mode produced for the investigated small molecules a significantly higher selectivity than the conventional SWATH acquisition mode. The acquisition strategy enables long ion accumulation times and therefore the required high sensitivity of detection. The study investigates the quality of the obtained product ion spectra and compares it with that in conventional acquisition modes. CONCLUSIONS The modified SWATH mode permits high duty cycles in combination with narrow virtual mass windows. The technique is a further step toward harvesting a HRMS product ion spectrum out of a data-independent acquisition which moves closer towards the quality of a dedicated precursor unit isolation product ion spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Maden
- Official Food Control Authority, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Walker
- Official Food Control Authority, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|