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Bais S, Singh PK. Al 3+-Responsive Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Creatinine Detection: Thioflavin-T and Sulfated-β-Cyclodextrin Synergy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4146-4157. [PMID: 37702182 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Kidney disorders are a rising global health issue, necessitating early diagnosis for effective treatment. Creatinine, a metabolic waste product from muscles, serves as an ideal biomarker for kidney damage. The existing optical methods for creatinine detection often involve labor-intensive synthesis processes and present challenges with the aqueous solubility and sensitivity to experimental variations. In this study, we introduce a straightforward fluorescence "turn-on" ratiometric sensor system for creatinine detection in aqueous media with a limit of detection of 0.5 μM. The sensor is based on sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (SCD)-templated H-aggregate of a commercially available, ultrafast rotor dye thioflavin-T (ThT). The Al3+ ion-induced dissociation of ThT-SCD aggregates, followed by reassociation upon creatinine addition, generates a detectable signal. The modulation of monomer/aggregate equilibrium due to the disassembly/reassembly of the ThT-SCD system under Al3+/creatinine influence serves as the optimal strategy for ratiometric creatinine detection in aqueous media. Our sensor framework offers several advantages: utilization of the readily available dye ThT, which eliminates the need for a laborious synthesis of custom fluorescent probes; ratiometric sensing, which improves quantitative analysis accuracy; and compatibility with complex aqueous media. The sensor's practical utility has been successfully demonstrated in artificial urine samples. In summary, our sensor system represents a significant advancement in the rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of the clinically crucial bioanalyte creatinine, offering potential benefits for the early diagnosis and management of kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Bais
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Huwyler F, Eden J, Binz J, Cunningham L, Sousa Da Silva RX, Clavien P, Dutkowski P, Tibbitt MW, Hefti M. A Spectrofluorometric Method for Real-Time Graft Assessment and Patient Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301537. [PMID: 37265001 PMCID: PMC10427358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are powerful clinical diagnostics and predictors of patient outcome. However, robust measurements often require time and expensive laboratory equipment, which is insufficient to track rapid changes and limits direct use in the operating room. Here, this study presents a portable spectrophotometric device for continuous real-time measurements of fluorescent and non-fluorescent biomarkers at the point of care. This study measures the mitochondrial damage biomarker flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in 26 extended criteria human liver grafts undergoing hypothermic oxygenated perfusion to guide clinical graft assessment. Real-time data identified seven organs unsuitable for transplant that are discarded. The remaining grafts are transplanted and FMN values correlated with post-transplant indicators of liver function and patient recovery. Further, this study shows how this device can be used to monitor dialysis patients by measuring creatinine in real-time. Our approach provides a simple method to monitor biomarkers directly within biological fluids to improve organ assessment, patient care, and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Huwyler
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Janina Eden
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
| | - Jonas Binz
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Leslie Cunningham
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Richard X. Sousa Da Silva
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Pierre‐Alain Clavien
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary (HPB) and Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich8091Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Max Hefti
- Wyss Zurich Translational CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
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Chocholouš P, Vinklárek J, Semerádová E, Miekh Y, Marshall GD, Solich P. Innovated single flush on-line solid-phase extraction in bead injection format for flow programming-based determination of creatinine in human urine. Talanta 2023; 258:124420. [PMID: 36907165 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Reaction-based assays are commonly automated and miniaturized via flow analysis. However, aggressive reagents can affect or destroy even the chemically resistant manifold during long-term use. Using on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) can eliminate this drawback and allow for high reproducibility and further advanced automation, as presented in this work. Determination of creatinine in human urine, an important clinical marker, by sequential injection analysis was achieved using bead injection on-line SPE with specific UV spectrophotometric detection, providing the necessary sensitivity and selectivity of the method for bioanalysis. The automated SPE column packing and disposal, calibration, and fast measurement highlighted the improvements in our approach. Variable sample volumes and a single working standard solution eliminated matrix effects, broadened the calibration range, and accelerated the quantification. Our method comprised an injection of 20 μL of 100 × times diluted urine with aqueous acetic acid solution pH 2.4, sorption of creatinine in a strong cation exchanger SPE column, washing out urine matrix with 50% aqueous acetonitrile, and elution of creatinine with 1% ammonium hydroxide. The SPE step was accelerated by a single flush of the column when the eluent/matrix wash/sample/standard zones sequence was created in the pump holding coil, and then the sequence of the zones was flushed into the column at once. The whole process was continually spectrophotometrically detected at 235 nm, subtracted from the signal at 270 nm. A single run duration was less than 3.5 min. Method relative standard deviation was <5.0% (n = 6). A calibration range was linear within the range of 0.02-0.30 μg creatinine (R > 0.999), covering 1.0-15.0 mmol/L creatinine in urine. The standard addition method used two different volumes of a single working standard solution for quantification. Results proved the effectiveness of our improvements in the flow manifold, bead injection, and automated quantification. The accuracy of our method was comparable to the routine enzymatic assay of real urine samples in a clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vinklárek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Semerádová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Yuliia Miekh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | | | - Petr Solich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Krämer J, Kang R, Grimm LM, De Cola L, Picchetti P, Biedermann F. Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3459-3636. [PMID: 34995461 PMCID: PMC8832467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and fast-responding sensors that are applicable in biofluids (urine, blood, and saliva). Particularly, the development of sensors for metabolites, neurotransmitters, drugs, and inorganic ions is highly desirable due to a lack of suitable biosensors. In addition, the monitoring and analysis of metabolic and signaling networks in cells and organisms by optical probes and chemosensors is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology and medicine. Thus, new perspectives for personalized diagnostics, theranostics, and biochemical/medical research will be unlocked when standing limitations of artificial binders and receptors are overcome. In this review, we survey synthetic sensing systems that have promising (future) application potential for the detection of small molecules, cations, and anions in aqueous media and biofluids. Special attention was given to sensing systems that provide a readily measurable optical signal through dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular host-guest interactions, or nanoparticles featuring plasmonic effects. This review shall also enable the reader to evaluate the current performance of molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity with respect to practical requirement, and thereby inspiring new ideas for the development of further advanced systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Krämer
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rui Kang
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura M. Grimm
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Dipartimento
DISFARM, University of Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- P.P.: email,
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- F.B.: email,
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Malicka I, Lewińska I, Tymecki Ł. On-line 'protein shaker': A multicommutated flow analysis system for fluorometric creatinine determination in deproteinized serum. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339246. [PMID: 35033258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fully mechanized multicommutated flow analysis (MCFA) system for fluorometric determination of creatinine in serum samples is introduced in this paper. The flow system was constructed with microsolenoid pumps and valves and with a 3D-printed flow cell. Fluorometric assay relied on creatinine reaction with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline environment. To overcome significant interference from protein, a flow reactor for serum deproteinization was designed and implemented in the flow system. The deproteinization was carried out by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and the addition of sodium chloride facilitated the precipitate sedimentation. The supernatant representative sample was pumped out and subjected to fluorometric creatinine assay. The obtained linear range was from 1.6 to 500 μmol L-1 and the precision, expressed as RSD, was below 3%. The proposed MCFA system was used to determine creatinine concentration in control serum samples. The results obtained with flow deproteinization correlated well with results obtained with conventional deproteinization (y = (0.91 ± 0.09) x + (37 ± 28)) with Pearson's r 0.979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Malicka
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Lewińska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Tymecki
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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