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Liu C, Otsuka K, Kawai T. Recent advances in microscale separation techniques for glycome analysis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400170. [PMID: 38863084 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The glycomic analysis holds significant appeal due to the diverse roles that glycans and glycoconjugates play, acting as modulators and mediators in cellular interactions, cell/organism structure, drugs, energy sources, glyconanomaterials, and more. The glycomic analysis relies on liquid-phase separation technologies for molecular purification, separation, and identification. As a miniaturized form of liquid-phase separation technology, microscale separation technologies offer various advantages such as environmental friendliness, high resolution, sensitivity, fast speed, and integration capabilities. For glycan analysis, microscale separation technologies are continuously evolving to address the increasing challenges in their unique manners. This review discusses the fundamentals and applications of microscale separation technologies for glycomic analysis. It covers liquid-phase separation technologies operating at scales generally less than 100 µm, including capillary electrophoresis, nanoflow liquid chromatography, and microchip electrophoresis. We will provide a brief overview of glycomic analysis and describe new strategies in microscale separation and their applications in glycan analysis from 2014 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Administration Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
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Krebs F, Zagst H, Stein M, Ratih R, Minkner R, Olabi M, Hartung S, Scheller C, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Sänger-van de Griend C, García CD, Wätzig H. Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: Method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications-Updated and completely revised edition. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1279-1341. [PMID: 37537327 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is in support of the development of selective, precise, fast, and validated capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. It follows up a similar article from 1998, Wätzig H, Degenhardt M, Kunkel A. "Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications," pointing out which fundamentals are still valid and at the same time showing the enormous achievements in the last 25 years. The structures of both reviews are widely similar, in order to facilitate their simultaneous use. Focusing on pharmaceutical and biological applications, the successful use of CE is now demonstrated by more than 600 carefully selected references. Many of those are recent reviews; therefore, a significant overview about the field is provided. There are extra sections about sample pretreatment related to CE and microchip CE, and a completely revised section about method development for protein analytes and biomolecules in general. The general strategies for method development are summed up with regard to selectivity, efficiency, precision, analysis time, limit of detection, sample pretreatment requirements, and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finja Krebs
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Holger Zagst
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ratih Ratih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Robert Minkner
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Mais Olabi
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sophie Hartung
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christin Scheller
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos D García
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Nguyen NVT, Smadja C, Taverna M, Nguyen LTH, Descroix S, Mai TD. On-line dual-stage enrichment via magneto-extraction and electrokinetic preconcentration: A new concept and instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341141. [PMID: 37032056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the development of a new concept of on-line dual preconcentration stages for capillary electrophoresis (CE), in which two completely different preconcentration approaches can be realized in the same capillary. In the first stage, a dynamic magneto-extraction of target analytes on circulating magnetic beads is implemented within the capillary. In the second one, electrokinetic preconcentration of eluted analytes via large volume sample stacking is carried out to focus them into a nano band, prior to CE separation of enriched analytes. To implement the dual-stage preconcentration operation, a purpose-made instrument was designed, combining electrophoretic and microfluidic modules to allow precise control of the movement of magnetic beads and analyte's flow. The potential of this new enrichment principle and its associated instrument was demonstrated for CE separation with light-emitting-diode-induced fluorescent (LEDIF) detection of target double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA). The workflow consists of purification and preconcentration of a target DNA fragment (300 bp) on negatively charged magnetic beads, followed by in-capillary elution and fluorescent labelling of the enriched DNA. Large volume sample stacking of the DNA eluent was then triggered to further preconcentrate the labelled DNA before its analysis by CE-LEDIF. An enrichment factor of 125 was achieved for the target DNA fragment. With our new approach, dual-stage sample pretreatment and CE separation can now be performed in-capillary without any mismatch of working volumes, nor any waste of pretreated samples.
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Zhang X, Jiang XY, Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH. Facile Lego-Spinner Pretreatment Device for Analysis of Arsenic Species in Dried Blood Spots by Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2375-2381. [PMID: 36652587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) detection has the advantages of small blood collection, convenience, and reliability, which provides a possibility for large-scale evaluation of arsenic exposure in human population. Herein, a facile Lego-spinner pretreatment device is rationally designed for speciation analysis of arsenic in DBSs by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). In the mixing mode of the Lego-spinner, the magnetic stir bar in the centrifuge tube rotates under a magnetic field to assist the dispersive extraction of arsenic species in the DBS with reagents. In the centrifugation mode of the Lego-spinner, the arsenic extract is separated from the blood matrix for the subsequent IC-ICP-MS analysis. For the DBS prepared from 80 μL of whole blood, the whole pretreatment operation can be completed within 25 min. The detection limits of arsenobetaine, arsenite, dimethylarsenate, monomethylarsonate, and arsenate in the DBS are 0.09-0.15 μg L-1, and precisions are <11%. The concentrations of these five arsenic species are highly correlated between whole blood and the DBS (r2 > 0.97), and Bland-Altman analysis indicates that the concentration difference of arsenic species between whole blood and the DBS is within ±20%. The DBS sampling approach can effectively preserve arsenic species for at least 30 days at 4 °C, and the contents of arsenic species in the DBS prepared from capillary blood are in a reasonable agreement with those of venous whole blood (gold standard). This Lego-spinner provides a handy and efficient tool for fast extraction of arsenic species in DBSs, facilitating the in-depth study of arsenic migration and transformation in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xin-Yi Jiang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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Yuan Y, Jia H, Xu D, Wang J. Novel method in emerging environmental contaminants detection: Fiber optic sensors based on microfluidic chips. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159563. [PMID: 36265627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, human industrial practices and certain activities have caused the widespread spread of emerging contaminants throughout the environmental matrix, even in trace amounts, which constitute a serious threat to human health and environmental ecology, and have therefore attracted the attention of research scholars. Different traditional techniques are used to monitor water pollutants, However, they still have some disadvantages such as high costs, ecological problems and treatment times, and require technicians and researchers to operate them effectively. There is therefore an urgent need to develop simple, inexpensive and highly sensitive methods to sense and detect these toxic environmental contaminants. Optical fiber microfluidic coupled sensors offer different advantages over other detection technologies, allowing manipulation of light through controlled microfluidics, precise detection results and good stability, and have therefore become a logical device for screening and identifying environmental contaminants. This paper reviews the application of fiber optic microfluidic sensors in emerging environmental contaminant detection, focusing on the characteristics of different emerging contaminant types, different types of fiber optic microfluidic sensors, methodological principles of detection, and specific emerging contaminant detection applications. The optical detection methods in fiber optic microfluidic chips and their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in the discussion. The applications of fiber optic biochemical sensors in microfluidic chips, especially for the detection of emerging contaminants in the aqueous environment, such as personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and perfluorinated compounds, are reviewed. Finally, the prospects of fiber optic microfluidic coupled sensors in environmental detection and related fields are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - DanYu Xu
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-enviromental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Nguyen QH, Dang THM, Quynh Le TP, Luu THT, Dinh TD, Mai TK, Nguyen TMT, Nguyen TAH, Mai TD. Inexpensive and simple tool for quality control of nutraceutical and tonic products with capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection: Some developments in Vietnam. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Novel developments in capillary electrophoresis miniaturization, sampling, detection and portability: An overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Růžička M, Kaljurand M, Gorbatšova J, Mazina-Šinkar J. Autosampler for portable capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kaljurand M, Mazina-Šinkar J. Portable capillary electrophoresis as a green analytical technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang MT, Peng YM, Pan JZ, Fang XX, Li HY, Zhang XY, Liao YC, Yao JK, Wu ML, Yao YY, Fang Q. LIFGO: A modular laser-induced fluorescence detection system based on plug-in blocks. Talanta 2021; 239:123063. [PMID: 34890938 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection system built in a modular assembling mode was developed based on commercial LEGO blocks and 3D printed blocks. We designed and fabricated a variety of 3D printed building blocks fixed with optical components, including laser light source, filters, lens, dichroic mirror, photodiode detector, and control circuits. Utilizing the relatively high positioning precision of the plug-in blocks, a modular construction strategy was adopted using the flexible plug-in combination of the blocks to build a highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection system, LIFGO. The LIFGO system has a simple structure which could be constructed by inexperienced users within 3 h. We optimized the structure and tested the performance of the LIFGO system, and its detection limits for sodium fluorescein solution in 100 μm i.d. and 250 μm i.d. capillaries were 7 nM and 0.9 nM, respectively. Based on the LIFGO system, we also built a simple capillary electrophoresis (CE) system and applied it to the analysis of DNA fragments to demonstrate its application possibility in biochemical analysis. The separation of 7 fragments in DL500 DNA markers were completed in 600 s. Because of the features of low cost (less than $100) and easy-to-build construction, we introduced the LIFGO system to the experimental teaching of instrumental analysis for undergraduate students. The modular construction form of the LIF detection system greatly reduces the threshold of instrument construction, which is conducive to the popularization of the LIF detection technique in routine laboratories as well as the reform of experimental teaching mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya-Mei Peng
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Pan
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hangzhou Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Han-Yang Li
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Liao
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Kang Yao
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Lin Wu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Yao
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hangzhou Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China; Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Capillary Electrophoresis as a Monitoring Tool for Flow Composition Determination. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164918. [PMID: 34443507 PMCID: PMC8398840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow analysis is the science of performing quantitative analytical chemistry in flowing streams. Because of its efficiency and speed of analysis, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a prospective method for the monitoring of a flow composition withdrawn from various processes (e.g., occurring in bioreactors, fermentations, enzymatic assays, and microdialysis samples). However, interfacing CE to a various flow of interest requires further study. In this paper, several ingenious approaches on interfacing flow from various chemical or bioprocesses to a capillary electrophoresis instrument are reviewed. Most of these interfaces can be described as computer-controlled autosamplers. Even though most of the described interfaces waste too many samples, many interesting and important applications of the devices are reported. However, the lack of commercially available devices prevents the wide application of CE for flow analysis. On the contrary, this fact opens up a potential avenue for future research in the field of flow sampling by CE.
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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Liénard-Mayor T, Taverna M, Descroix S, Mai TD. Droplet-interfacing strategies in microscale electrophoresis for sample treatment, separation and quantification: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1143:281-297. [PMID: 33384124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time we report on a comprehensive overview of different strategies to hyphenate droplet-based sample handling and preparation with electrophoretic separation in different formats (i.e. microchip and capillary electrophoresis). Droplet-interfaced electrophoresis is an emerging technique in which micro/nanometric droplets are used as a bridge and carrier of target analytes between sample treatment and electrokinetic separation steps, thus being expected to overcome the challenges of working dimension mismatch and low degree of module integration. This review covers all works on this topic from 2006 (the year of the first communication) up to 2020, with focus being given to three principal interfacing strategies, including droplets in immiscible phases, digital microfluidics with electrowetting-on-dielectric principle and inkjet droplet generation. Different instrumental developments for such purpose, the viewpoints on pros and cons of these designs as well as application demonstrations of droplet-interfaced electrokinetic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Liénard-Mayor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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