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Román-Hidalgo C, Villar-Navarro M, Martín-Valero MJ, López-Pérez G. Chemical nature evolution of solid supports used in electromembrane extraction procedures: A comparative analysis based on metric tools. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342868. [PMID: 38969413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, green chemistry has been focusing on the adaptation of different chemical methods towards environmental friendliness. Sample preparation procedures, which constitute a fundamental step in analytical methodology, have also been modified and implemented in this direction. In particular, electromembrane extraction (EME) procedures, which have traditionally used plastic supports, have been optimized towards greener approaches through the emergence of alternative materials. In this regard, biopolymer-based membranes (such as agarose or chitosan) have become versatile and very promising substitutes to perform these processes. RESULTS Different green metric tools (Analytical Eco-Scale, ComplexGAPI and AGREEprep have been applied to study the evolution of solid supports used in EME from nanostructured tissues and polymer inclusion membranes to agar films and chitosan flat membranes. The main goal is to evaluate the usage of these new biomaterials in the analytical procedure to quantify their environmental impact in the frame of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). In addition, both RGB model and BAGI metrics have been employed to study the sustainability of the whole procedure, including not only greenness, but also analytical performance and feasibility aspects. Results obtained after the performance of the mentioned metrics have demonstrated that the most efficient and environmentally friendly analytical methods are based on the use of chitosan supports. This improvement is mainly due to the chemical nature of this biopolymer as well as to the removal of organic solvents. SIGNIFICANCE This work highlights the advantages of biodegradable materials employment in EME procedures to achieve green analytical methodologies. These materials also contribute to raise the figure of merits regarding to the quantification parameters in a wide range of applications compared to classical supports employed in EME, thus enhancing sustainability of procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Villar-Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín-Valero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Germán López-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Román-Hidalgo C, Martín-Valero MJ, López-Pérez G, Villar-Navarro M. Green Method for the Selective Electromembrane Extraction of Parabens and Fluoroquinolones in the Presence of NSAIDs by Using Biopolymeric Chitosan Films. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:326. [PMID: 36984713 PMCID: PMC10059583 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A chitosan biopolymeric membrane was successfully used as a support in a green electromembrane extraction procedure for the simultaneous and selective extraction of seven parabens and three fluoroquinolones in the presence of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The optimal experimental conditions (10 mL donor phase and 50 μL acceptor phase, pH 10 in both phases; 80 V of applied voltage during 15 min of extraction time) were determined, providing high enrichment factors for six of the studied parabens (EF ≥ 90) and the three fluoroquinolones (EF ≥ 50). Wide linear concentration ranges (0.5-500 μg L-1), good linearity (>97%), low limits of detection (0.2-1.1 μg L-1), and good repeatability (relative standard deviation values 4-10%) were achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied for the extraction of the target analytes from different kinds of water samples (river, lake, and swimming pool). The usage of a chitosan membrane in the extraction process presents many advantages, as it is a biodegradable and versatile support, offering a good alternative to commercial plastic materials commonly used in this methodology and these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martín-Valero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Germán López-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villar-Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n. 41012 Seville, Spain
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Román-Hidalgo C, Barreiros L, Villar-Navarro M, López-Pérez G, Martín-Valero MJ, Segundo MA. Electromembrane extraction based on biodegradable materials: Biopolymers as sustainable alternatives to plastics. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ocaña-González JA, Aranda-Merino N, Pérez-Bernal JL, Ramos-Payán M. Solid supports and supported liquid membranes for different liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction configurations. A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463825. [PMID: 36731330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane microextraction (EME) can be considered as two of the most popular techniques in sample treatment today. Both techniques can be configurated as membrane-assisted techniques to carry out the extraction. These supports provide the required geometry and stability on the contact surface between two phases (donor and acceptor) and improve the reproducibility of sample treatment techniques. These solid support pore space, once is filled with organic solvents, act as a selective barrier acting as a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The SLM nature is a fundamental parameter, and its selection is critical to carry out successful extractions. There are numerous SLMs that have been successfully employed in a wide variety of application fields. The latter is due to the specificity of the selected organic solvents, which allows the extraction of compounds of a very different nature. In the last decade, solid supports and SLM have evolved towards "green" and environmentally friendly materials and solvents. In this review, solid supports implemented in LPME and EME will be discussed and summarized, as well as their applications. Moreover, the advances and modifications of the solid supports and the SLMs to improve the extraction efficiencies, recoveries and enrichment factors are discussed. Hollow fiber and flat membranes, including microfluidic systems, will be considered depending on the technique, configuration, or device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ocaña-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Noemí Aranda-Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Bernal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Gel electro-membrane extraction: An overview on recent strategies for extraction efficiency enhancement. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Román-Hidalgo C, López-Pérez G, Villar-Navarro M, Martín-Valero MJ. Green electromembrane extraction procedure based on biodegradable chitosan films for determination of polyphenolic compounds in food samples: Greenness assessment of the sample preparation approach. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bagheri AR, Aramesh N, Lee HK. Chitosan- and/or cellulose-based materials in analytical extraction processes: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dolatabadi R, Mohammadi A, Walker RB. A novel 3D printed device with conductive elements for electromembrane extraction combined with HPLC and UV detector. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3187-3196. [PMID: 35762108 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on proposing for a new design and setup for electromembrane extraction. A new cap was designed and conductive vials of different shape were fabricated using three-dimensional printing. The new cap holds three fibers to enhance electromembrane extraction recovery. Conductive vials can simultaneously perform as electrodes therefore, there is no need to include an electrode in sample solutions. Phenobarbital and phenytoin were used as model compounds to assess the setup performance. Under optimal conditions, these analytes were extracted from the sample solution at pH = 9 to the acceptor solution at pH = 13 with a voltage of 40 V for 20 min, while 1-octanol was employed as the supported-liquid-membrane. The influence of conductive vials geometry on the recovery was examined and effects of different shapes were studied by performing numerical simulation to establish electric potential distribution. Of the vials tested with circular, triangular and floral-like cross-sections the latter exhibited the best voltage distribution. The circular vial had the highest recovery attributed to its better hydrodynamic shape, which allows rapid fluid sample transport and therefore enhanced system recovery. The extraction recovery and RSD of circular vial with three fibers was 33.0 and 7.6 for phenobarbital and 42.2 and 10.4 for phenytoin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roderick B Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Abbasi H, Abbasi S, Haeri SA, Rezayati S, kalantari F, Heravi MRP. Electromembrane extraction using biodegradable deep eutectic solvents and agarose gel as green and organic solvent-free strategies for the determination of polar and non-polar bases drugs from biological samples: A comparative study. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:339986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Application of polysaccharide-based metal organic framework membranes in separation science. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118743. [PMID: 34742445 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide/MOF composite membranes have captured the interests of many researchers during decontamination of polluted environments. Their popularity can be attributed to the relatively high chemical and thermal stabilities of these composite membranes. Chitosan is among the polysaccharides extensively used during the synthesis of hybrid membranes with MOFs. The applications of chitosan/MOF composite membranes in separation science are explored in detail in this paper. Researchers have also synthesised mixed matrix membranes of MOFs with cellulose and cyclodextrin that have proved to be effective during separation of a variety of materials. The uses of cellulose/MOF and cyclodextrin/MOF membranes for the removal of environmental pollutants are discussed in this review. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of these mixed matrix membranes are explored in this current paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Musarurwa
- School of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
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A study on determination of theophylline in plasma and urine sample using electromembrane extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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