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Wei M, Yuan Y, Chen D, Pan L, Tong W, Lu W. A systematic review on electrochemical sensors for the detection of acetaminophen. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39207184 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the electrochemical determination of acetaminophen (AP) over the past few decades. Nanomaterials or enzymes as electrode modifiers greatly improve the performance of AP electrochemical sensors. This review focuses on the development potential, detection principles and techniques for the electrochemical analysis of AP. In particular, the design and construction of AP electrochemical sensors are discussed from the perspective of non-enzyme materials (such as nanomaterials, including precious metals, transition metals and non-metals) and enzyme substances (such as aryl acylamidase, polyphenol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase). Moreover, the influencing factors for AP electrochemical sensors and the simultaneous detection of AP and other targets are summarized, and the future prospective of AP electrochemical sensors is outlined. This review provides a reference and guidance for the development and application of electrochemical sensors for AP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yikai Yuan
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lin Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Peace District Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wenting Tong
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenbo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China.
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2
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López-Sánchez C, de Andrés F, Ríos Á. Implications of analytical nanoscience in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields: A critical view. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116118. [PMID: 38513499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress performed in the design and application of analytical tools and methodologies using nanomaterials for pharmaceutical analysis, and specifically new nanomedicines at distinct phases of development and translation from preclinical to clinical stages. Over the last 10-15 years, a growing number of studies have utilized various nanomaterials, including carbon-based, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanomaterials, materials based on biological molecules, and composite nanomaterials as tools for improving the analysis of pharmaceutical products. New and more complex nanomaterials are currently being explored to influence different stages of the analytical process. These materials provide unique properties to support the extraction of analytes in complex samples, increase the selectivity and efficiency of chromatographic separations, and improve the analytical properties of many sensor applications. Indeed, nanomaterials, including electrochemical detection approaches and biosensing, are expanding at a remarkable rate. Furthermore, the analytical performance of numerous approaches to determine drugs in different matrices can be significantly improved in terms of precision, detection limits, selectivity, and time of analysis. However, the quality control and metrological characterization of the currently synthesized nanomaterials still depend on the development of new and improved analytical methodologies, and the application of specific and improved instrumentation. Therefore, there is still much to explore about the properties of nanomaterials which need to be determined even more precisely and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela Av. s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela Av. s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Fernando de Andrés
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela Av. s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez Av. s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela Av. s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela Av. s/n, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
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Zhen D, Zhang S, Yang A, Li L, Cai Q, Grimes CA, Liu Y. A PEDOT enhanced covalent organic framework (COF) fluorescent probe for in vivo detection and imaging of Fe 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129104. [PMID: 38161014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Simple and accurate in vivo monitoring of Fe3+ is essential for gaining a better understanding of its role in physiological and pathological processes. A novel fluorescent probe was synthesized via in situ solid-state polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) in the pore channels of a covalent organic framework (COF). The PEDOT@COF fluorescent probe exhibited an absolute quantum yield (QY) 3 times higher than COF. In the presence of Fe3+ the PEDOT@COF 475 nm fluorescence emission, 365 nm excitation, is quenched within 180 s. Fluorescence quenching is linear with Fe3+ in the concentration range of 0-960 μM, with a detection limit of 0.82 μM. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was attributed to inner filter effect (IEF), photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and static quenching (SQE) between PEDOT@COF and Fe3+. A paper strip-based detector was designed to facilitate practical applicability, and the PEDOT@COF probe successfully applied to fluorescence imaging of Fe3+ levels in vivo. This work details a tool of great promise for enabling detailed investigations into the role of Fe3+ in physiological and pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Zhen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Aofeng Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Craig A Grimes
- Flux Photon Corporation, 5950 Shiloh Road East, Alpharetta, GA 30005, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Gao N, Pan J, Wang L, Cai Z, Chang G, Wu Y, He Y. Novel graphene electrochemical transistors incorporating zirconia inorganic molecular imprinted layer:Design, construction and application for highly sensitive and selective detection of acetaminophen. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341405. [PMID: 37290852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their intrinsic amplifying effect together with chemical stability, graphene electrochemical transistor sensors (GECTs) are gaining momentum for sensing applications. However, the surface of GECTs for different detection substances must be modified with different recognition molecules, which was cumbersome and lack a universal method. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a kind of polymer with specific recognition function for given molecules. Here, MIP and GECTs were combined to effectively solve the problem of weak selectivity of GECTs, and achieve the high sensitivity and selectivity of MIP-GECTs equipment in detecting acetaminophen (AP) in complex urine environment. A novel molecular imprinting sensor based on Au nanoparticles modified zirconia (ZrO2) inorganic molecular imprinting membrane on reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2-MIP-Au/rGO) was proposed. ZrO2-MIP-Au/rGO was synthesized by one-step electropolymerization using AP as template, ZrO2 precursor as the functional monomer. The -OH group on ZrO2 and the -OH/-CONH- group on AP were easily bonded by hydrogen bonding to form a MIP layer on the surface, which allows the sensor to have a large number of imprinted cavities for AP specific adsorption. As a proof of method, the GECTs based on ZrO2-MIP-Au/rGO functional gate electrode has the characteristics of wide linear range (0.1 nM-4 mM), low detection limit (0.1 nM) and high selectivity for AP detection. These achievements highlight the introduction of specific and selective MIP to GECTs with unique amplification function, which could effectively solve the problem of selectivity of GECTs in complex environments, suggesting the potential of MIP-GECTs in real-time diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Junzi Pan
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Yunbin He
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Zhao X, Zhang L, Chu Z, Wang Q, Cao Y, Cao J, Li J, Lei W, Zhang B, Si W. Fe–Decorated Nitrogen–Doped Carbon Nanospheres as an Electrochemical Sensing Platform for the Detection of Acetaminophen. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073006. [PMID: 37049770 PMCID: PMC10095704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, Fe–decorated nitrogen–doped carbon nanospheres are prepared for electrochemical monitoring of acetaminophen. Via a direct pyrolysis of the melamine–formaldehyde resin spheres, the well–distributed Fe–NC spheres were obtained. The as–prepared Fe–NC possesses enhanced catalysis towards the redox of acetaminophen for abundant active sites and high–speed charge transfer. The effect of loading Fe species on the electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen is investigated in detail. The synergistic effect of nitrogen doping along with the above–mentioned properties is taken advantage of in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors for the acetaminophen determination. Based on the calibration plot, the limits of detection (LOD) were calculated to be 0.026 μM with a linear range from 0–100 μM. Additionally satisfactory repeatability, stability, and selectivity are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Shandong Institutes of Industrial Technology, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhaoyun Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200th, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Boming Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Shandong Institutes of Industrial Technology, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Weimeng Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Xincunxi Road 266th, Zibo 255000, China
- Correspondence:
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Gao N, Zhou R, Tu B, Tao T, Song Y, Cai Z, He H, Chang G, Wu Y, He Y. Graphene electrochemical transistor incorporated with gel electrolyte for wearable and non-invasive glucose monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340719. [PMID: 36628721 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of wearable electronic devices, health monitoring is undergoing a fundamental shift from hospital-centered treatment to patient-centered diagnosis. Solution-gated graphene transistors provide an effective platform for developing high-sensitivity wearable devices due to their unique signal amplification, low energy consumption, and compatibility for miniaturization. However, it is still a major challenge to perform real-time sweat composition monitoring directly on the dry skin surface. In this work, a skin-based flexible gel electrolyte graphene transistor (GEGT) was successfully designed and fabricated for glucose detection, consisting of a gate electrode decorated with Au nanoparticles modified reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs/RGO) nanocomposites and a monolayer graphene channel. Glycerin gel was used to replace the traditional liquid electrolyte, not only could better fit the human skin, but also play the role of fluid collection, providing stable testing conditions for the sensor. Based on the high electron mobility of graphene channel and the excellent electrocatalytic performance of AuNPs/RGO nanocomposites, the constructed GEGT sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance for glucose with good selectivity, low operating voltage (0.5 V), wide detection range (10 nM - 25 mM), and low detection limit (10 nM). The device maintains stable performance after up to 1000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 4 mm. In addition, the GEGT sensor displays good accuracy in sweat detection and sensitive dynamic response during actual wearing, which provides a guarantee for the construction of wearable transistor devices and real-time health tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tian Tao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yongqiao Song
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hanping He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Yunbin He
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No.368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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In-situ growth of 3D Cu-MOF on 1D halloysite nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for simultaneous sensing of dopamine and paracetamol. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Voltammetric Determination of Isoniazid in the Presence of Acetaminophen Utilizing MoS2-Nanosheet-Modified Screen-Printed Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030369. [PMID: 35334661 PMCID: PMC8955440 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We used MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2 NSs) for surface modification of screen-printed electrode (MoS2NSs-SPE) aimed at detecting isoniazid (INZ) in the presence of acetaminophen (AC). According to analysis, an impressive catalytic performance was found for INZ and AC electro-oxidation, resulting in an appreciable peak resolution (~320 mV) for both analytes. Chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), linear sweep voltammogram (LSV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to characterize the electrochemical behaviors of the modified electrode for the INZ detection. Under the optimal circumstances, there was a linear relationship between the peak current of oxidation and the various levels of INZ (0.035–390.0 µM), with a narrow limit of detection (10.0 nM). The applicability of the as-developed sensor was confirmed by determining the INZ and AC in tablets and urine specimens, with acceptable recoveries.
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Putra BR, Nisa U, Heryanto R, Khalil M, Khoerunnisa F, Ridhova A, Thaha YN, Marken F, Wahyuni WT. Selective non-enzymatic uric acid sensing in the presence of dopamine: electropolymerized poly-pyrrole modified with a reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite. Analyst 2022; 147:5334-5346. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01463g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with uric acid cavities increases the selectivity of uric acid measurement in the presence of dopamine as an interferent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budi Riza Putra
- Research Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), PUSPIPTEK Gd. 470, South Tangerang, Banten, 15315, Indonesia
| | - Ulfiatun Nisa
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Heryanto
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Empowerment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Munawar Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Khoerunnisa
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Setiabudi 229, Bandung, 40154, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Aga Ridhova
- Research Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), PUSPIPTEK Gd. 470, South Tangerang, Banten, 15315, Indonesia
| | - Yudi Nugraha Thaha
- Research Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), PUSPIPTEK Gd. 470, South Tangerang, Banten, 15315, Indonesia
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Wulan Tri Wahyuni
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Empowerment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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