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Saeed AM, Taha AG, Dardeer HM, Aly MF. One-pot synthesis of novel chitosan-salicylaldehyde polymer composites for ammonia sensing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38168141 PMCID: PMC10761969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (Chs)-salicylaldehyde (Sal) polymer derivatives were formed via the reaction of Chs-Sal with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD). These polymers were synthesized through inclusion with β-CD and doping with ZnO NPs to give pseudopolyrotaxane and Chs-Sal/ZnO NPs composite, respectively, for low-temperature detection and sensing of NH3 vapors as great significance in environmental control and human health. Additionally, the polymer (Chs-Sal/β-CD/ZnO NPs) was prepared via the insertion of generated composite (Chs-Sal/ZnO NPs) through β-cyclodextrin ring. The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by utilizing FTIR, XRD and, SEM, respectively. Also, the optical properties and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the synthesized polymers were explored. The obtained results confirmed that using β-CD or ZnO NPs for modification of polymer (Chs-Sal) dramatically enhanced thermal stability and optical features of the synthesized polymers. Investigations on the NH3-sensing properties of Chs-Sal/β-CD/ZnO NPs composite were carried out at concentrations down to 10 ppm and good response and recovery times (650 s and 350 s, respectively) at room temperature (RT) and indicated that modification by β-CD and doping with ZnO NPs effectively improves the NH3-sensing response of Chs-Sal from 712 to 6192 using Chs-Sal/β-CD/ZnO NPs, respectively, with low LOD and LOQ of 0.12 and 0.4 ppb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Muhammed Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Gaber Taha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hemat Mohamed Dardeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Fawzy Aly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Breath-by-breath measurement of exhaled ammonia by acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry via online dilution and purging sampling. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:412-420. [PMID: 37181293 PMCID: PMC10173289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled ammonia (NH3) is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis. In this study, an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry (AM-PIMS) method was developed for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled NH3 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Acetone was introduced into the drift tube along with the drift gas as a modifier, and the characteristic NH3 product ion peak of (C3H6O)4NH4+ (K0 = 1.45 cm2/V·s) was obtained through the ion-molecule reaction with acetone reactant ions (C3H6O)2H+ (K0 = 1.87 cm2/V·s), which significantly increased the peak-to-peak resolution and improved the accuracy of exhaled NH3 qualitative identification. Moreover, the interference of high humidity and the memory effect of NH3 molecules were significantly reduced via online dilution and purging sampling, thus realizing breath-by-breath measurement. As a result, a wide quantitative range of 5.87-140.92 μmol/L with a response time of 40 ms was achieved, and the exhaled NH3 profile could be synchronized with the concentration curve of exhaled CO2. Finally, the analytical capacity of AM-PIMS was demonstrated by measuring the exhaled NH3 of healthy subjects, demonstrating its great potential for clinical disease diagnosis.
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Cai Y, Wang Y, Wen X, Xiong J, Song H, Li Z, Zu D, Shen Y, Li C. Ti 3C 2T x MXene/urchin-like PANI hollow nanosphere composite for high performance flexible ammonia gas sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340256. [PMID: 36038246 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) has been used as a typical indicator to monitor food spoilage, human health, and air quality. However, the development of flexible NH3 sensors with high response, excellent selectivity and low cost remains a huge challenge. Herein, a high performance NH3 sensor based on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheet/urchin-like PANI hollow nanosphere composite (MP) was fabricated through template method and in situ polymerization. The NH3 sensor is fabricated with no high cost electrodes through directly depositing this composite on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) during polymerization. This optimized MP film sensor exhibits high response of 3.70 to 10 ppm NH3 at room temperature, which is 4.74-fold in comparison with urchin-like PANI hollow nanosphere (u-PANI). It also shows excellent selectivity, good repeatability, satisfactory flexibility, air stability and low detection limit of 30 ppb. The effective morphology control and heterojunction construction of MP composite are responsible for superior sensing performance. Moreover, the application of this film sensor in the monitoring of the spoilage process of fresh pork is demonstrated. This study offers a new strategy for fabricating high performance flexible room-temperature NH3 sensors, which may be scale fabrication and application in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiangyu Wen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jinlong Xiong
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Haoran Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Daoyuan Zu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yongming Shen
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changping Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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