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Promphet N, Thanawattano C, Buekban C, Laochai T, Lormaneenopparat P, Sukmas W, Rattanawaleedirojn P, Puthongkham P, Potiyaraj P, Leewattanakit W, Rodthongkum N. Smartphone based wearable sweat glucose sensing device correlated with machine learning for real-time diabetes screening. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1312:342761. [PMID: 38834276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a significant health threat, with its prevalence and burden increasing worldwide indicating its challenge for global healthcare management. To decrease the disease severity, the diabetic patients are recommended to regularly check their blood glucose levels. The conventional finger-pricking test possesses some drawbacks, including painfulness and infection risk. Nowadays, smartphone has become a part of our lives offering an important benefit in self-health monitoring. Thus, non-invasive wearable sweat glucose sensor connected with a smartphone readout is of interest for real-time glucose detection. RESULTS Wearable sweat glucose sensing device is fabricated for self-monitoring of diabetes. This device is designed as a body strap consisting of a sensing strip and a portable potentiostat connected with a smartphone readout via Bluetooth. The sensing strip is modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), followed by electrodeposition of Prussian blue. To preserve the activity of glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on the modified sensing strip, chitosan is coated on the top layer of the electrode strip. Herein, machine learning is implemented to correlate between the electrochemical results and the nanomaterial content along with deposition cycle of prussian blue, which provide the highest current response signal. The optimized regression models provide an insight, establishing a robust framework for design of high-performance glucose sensor. SIGNIFICANCE This wearable glucose sensing device connected with a smartphone readout offers a user-friendly platform for real-time sweat glucose monitoring. This device provides a linear range of 0.1-1.5 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 mM that is sufficient enough for distinguishing between normal and diabetes patient with a cut-off level of 0.3 mM. This platform might be an alternative tool for improving health management for diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadtinan Promphet
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chusak Thanawattano
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Buekban
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Laochai
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panlop Lormaneenopparat
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wiwittawin Sukmas
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory and Center of Excellence in Physics of Energy Materials (CE:PEM), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pumidech Puthongkham
- Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranut Potiyaraj
- Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Nadnudda Rodthongkum
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Ozer T, Agir I, Borch T. Water monitoring with an automated smart sensor supported with solar power for real-time and long range detection of ferrous iron. Analyst 2024; 149:2671-2679. [PMID: 38411256 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Low-power and smart sensing systems for iron detection are necessary for in situ monitoring of water quality. Here, a potentiometric Fe2+-selective electrode (ISE) was fabricated based on cyanomethyl N-methyl-N-phenyl dithiocarbamate for the first time as an ionophore. Under optimal conditions, the ISE showed a Nernstian slope of 29.76 ± 0.6 mV per decade for Fe2+ ions over a wide concentration range from 1.0 × 10-1 to 1.0 × 10-5 M with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 1.0 × 10-6 M. The ISE interference of various cations on the potentiometric response was also investigated. The ISE had a response time less than 3 s and the lifetime was two months. Also, an automated, long-range (LoRa), wireless enabled sampling microfluidic device powered with a solar panel as an autonomous power source was developed for a continuous sampling and sensing process. The sensing platform was employed in the determination of Fe2+ in acid mine drainage and spiked water samples with an average recovery of 100.7%. This simple, inexpensive (below $350), portable sensing platform will allow for rapid real-time monitoring of ground-, drinking-, and industrial waters contaminated with iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Agir
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Rocha J, de Oliveira JC, Bettini J, Strauss M, Selmi GS, Okazaki AK, de Oliveira RF, Lima RS, Santhiago M. Tuning the Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Paper-Based Carbon Electrodes by Pyrolysis of Polydopamine. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:188-200. [PMID: 38645575 PMCID: PMC11027207 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices represent an important platform for portable, low-cost, affordable, and decentralized diagnostics. For this kind of application, chemical functionalization plays a pivotal role to ensure high clinical performance by tuning surface properties and the area of electrodes. However, controlling different surface properties of electrodes by using a single functionalization route is still challenging. In this work, we attempted to tune the wettability, chemical composition, and electroactive area of carbon-paper-based devices by thermally treating polydopamine (PDA) at different temperatures. PDA films were deposited onto pyrolyzed paper (PP) electrodes and thermally treated in the range of 300-1000 °C. After deposition of PDA, the surface is rich in nitrogen and oxygen, it is superhydrophilic, and it has a high electroactive area. As the temperature increases, the surface becomes hydrophobic, and the electroactive area decreases. The surface modifications were followed by Raman, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical experiments. In addition, the chemical composition of nitrogen species can be tuned on the surface. As a proof of concept, we employed PDA-treated surfaces to anchor [AuCl4]- ions. After electrochemical reduction, we observed that it is possible to control the size of the nanoparticles on the surface. Our route opens a new avenue to add versatility to electrochemical interfaces in the field of paper-based electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline
F. Rocha
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Federal
University of ABC, São Paulo, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Julia C. de Oliveira
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Selmi
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física
Gleb Wataghin, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Anderson K. Okazaki
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Rafael F. de Oliveira
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física
Gleb Wataghin, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Federal
University of ABC, São Paulo, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University
of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Carlos 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Federal
University of ABC, São Paulo, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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Yang D, Hu C, Zhang H, Geng S. Recent Developments in Paper-Based Sensors with Instrument-Free Signal Readout Technologies (2020-2023). BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:36. [PMID: 38248413 PMCID: PMC10812998 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Signal readout technologies that do not require any instrument are essential for improving the convenience and availability of paper-based sensors. Thanks to the remarkable progress in material science and nanotechnology, paper-based sensors with instrument-free signal readout have been developed for multiple purposes, such as biomedical detection, environmental pollutant tracking, and food analysis. In this review, the developments in instrument-free signal readout technologies for paper-based sensors from 2020 to 2023 are summarized. The instrument-free signal readout technologies, such as distance-based signal readout technology, counting-based signal readout technology, text-based signal readout technology, as well as other transduction technologies, are briefly introduced, respectively. On the other hand, the applications of paper-based sensors with instrument-free signal readout technologies are summarized, including biomedical analysis, environmental analysis, food analysis, and other applications. Finally, the potential and difficulties associated with the advancement of paper-based sensors without instruments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Chengju Hu
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402360, China;
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Shan Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402360, China
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Glasco DL, Sheelam A, Ho NHB, Bell JG. Smartphone-based detection of levodopa in human sweat using 3D printed sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1273:341546. [PMID: 37423672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neurological disorders negatively impacting health on a global scale. Patients diagnosed with PD require frequent monitoring, prescribed medications, and therapy for extended periods as symptom severity worsens. The primary pharmaceutical treatment for PD patients is levodopa (L-Dopa) which reduces many symptoms experienced by PD patients (e.g., tremors, cognitive ability, motor dysfunction, etc.) through the regulation of dopamine levels in the body. Herein, the first detection of L-Dopa in human sweat using a low-cost 3D printed sensor with a simple and rapid fabrication protocol combined with a portable potentiostat wirelessly connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth is reported. By combining saponification and electrochemical activation into a single protocol, the optimized 3D printed carbon electrodes were able to simultaneously detect uric acid and L-Dopa throughout their biologically relevant ranges. The optimized sensors provided a sensitivity of 83 ± 3 nA/μM from 24 μM to 300 nM L-Dopa. Common physiological interferents found in sweat (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose, caffeine) showed no influence on the response for L-Dopa. Lastly, a percent recovery of L-Dopa in human sweat using a smartphone-assisted handheld potentiostat resulted in the recovery of 100 ± 8%, confirming the ability of this sensor to accurately detect L-Dopa in sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton L Glasco
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Anjaiah Sheelam
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Nguyen H B Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
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Badr ElDin N, Dabbish E, Fawaz E, Abd El-Rahman MK, Shoeib T. A green compliant hand-held selective electrode device for monitoring active pharmaceuticals and the kinetics of their degradation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11792. [PMID: 37479792 PMCID: PMC10361986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An in-line smartphone connected to a screen-printed selective electrode hand-held device was used to determine the concentration of distigmine bromide (DB) in its pure and dosage forms as well as its degradation kinetics by continuously measuring the change in the produced emf over time. The main objective, supported by the data presented, is to produce a highly reliable smartphone integrated selective sensor as a portable analyzer with potential high cloud connectivity combining a wide linear dynamic range, the fastest response time with the lowest limits of detection and quantitation while best integrating green analytical chemistry principles. The choice of ionophore used in this approach was guided by computation and the data obtained was compared with traditional analytical techniques. DB, for which there are no previously reported stability-indicating methods and for which four novel such methods are proposed here, was selected as a model drug for this work. At-line UV-spectrophotometry DB assay was obtained by measuring the difference between the spectra of the degradation product and the same concentration of intact drug. The degradation kinetics were studied by this method through tracking the decrease of DB absorbance and/or the increase of a generated degradation product signal over time. Off-line separation based HPLC and TLC stability-indicating methods for DB were also presented. All methods employed in this work were validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, repeatability, linearity, range, detection and quantification limits according to the ICH guidelines and were applied to the analysis of laboratory prepared mixtures as well as commercial products. While all methods proposed were shown to be highly reliable, the smartphone integrated selective sensor is highlighted as a portable analyzer with potential high cloud connectivity and was shown to combine a wide linear dynamic range, the fastest response time with the lowest limits of detection and quantitation while best integrating green analytical chemistry principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan Badr ElDin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Esraa Fawaz
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Abd El-Rahman
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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7
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Khan M, Zhao B, Wu W, Zhao M, Bi Y, Hu Q. Distance-based microfluidic assays for instrument-free visual point-of-care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Phoonsawat K, Ozer T, Dungchai W, Henry CS. Dual-mode ion-selective electrodes and distance-based microfluidic device for detection of multiple urinary electrolytes. Analyst 2022; 147:4517-4524. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01220k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed a microfluidic paper device by combining ion-selective electrodes (ISE) and a distance-based paper device (dPAD) for simultaneous potentiometric and colorimetric detection of urine electrolytes including K+, Na+ and Cl−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonchanok Phoonsawat
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
- Engineering Science Classroom, Darunsikkhalai School, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tugba Ozer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical-Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wijitar Dungchai
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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