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Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Automated analyses of dried blood spots collected by volumetric microsampling devices. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1310:342718. [PMID: 38811137 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling on cellulose cards suffers from varying blood haematocrit levels and from chromatographic effects, which have a direct impact on quantitative DBS analyses. Commercial volumetric microsampling devices were, therefore, introduced to mitigate these effects, however, these devices are not compatible with automated DBS processing systems and must be processed manually. RESULTS Capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments use fused-silica (FS) capillaries for precise and accurate liquid handling as well as for injection, separation, and quantitative analyses of liquid samples. These inherent features of an Agilent 7100 CE instrument were employed for the automated processing (elution and homogenization) of DBSs collected by hemaPEN® volumetric devices (2.74 μL of capillary blood per spot). The hemaPEN® samples were processed directly in CE vials by consecutive transfers of 56 μL of methanol and 14 μL of deionized water through the FS capillary in a sequence of 39 DBSs with repeatability of the liquid transfers better than 1.4 %. The resulting DBS eluates were homogenized by a quick air flush through the capillary and analyzed by the same capillary and CE instrument. Creatinine was selected as a clinically relevant model analyte and its endogenous concentrations in DBSs were determined by CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) in a background electrolyte solution consisting of 50 mM acetic acid and 0.1 % (v/v) Tween 20 (pH 3.0). The overall repeatability of the automated DBS processing and CE-C4D analyses of 39 DBSs was ≤7.1 % (peak areas) and ≤0.6 % (migration times), the calibration curve was linear in the 25-500 μM range (R2 = 0.9993) and covered all endogenous blood creatinine levels, the limit of detection was 5.0 μM, and sample throughput was >12 DBSs per hour. DBS ageing for 60 days and varying blood haematocrit levels (20-70 %) did not affect creatinine quantitative results (≤6.9 % for peak areas). Inter-capillary and inter-instrument repeatability was ≤7.7 % (peak areas) and ≤3.4 % (migration times) and demonstrated an excellent transferability of the proposed analytical concept among laboratories. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This contribution is the first-ever report on the use of a single off-the-shelf analytical instrument for fully automated analyses of DBSs collected by commercial volumetric microsampling devices and holds great promise for future unmanned quantitative DBS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhang C, Dang W, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhong P, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yan X. Development of a paper-based transcription aptasensor for convenient urinary uric acid self-testing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132241. [PMID: 38768916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal uric acid (UA) level in urine can serve as warning signals of many diseases, such as gout and metabolic cardiovascular diseases. The current methods for detecting UA face limitations of instrument dependence and the requirement for non-invasiveness, making it challenging to fulfill the need for home-based application. In this study, we designed an aptasensor that combined UA-specific transcriptional regulation and a fluorescent RNA aptamer for convenient urinary UA testing. The concentration of UA can be translated into the intensity of fluorescent signals. The aptasensor showed higher sensitivity and more robust anti-interference performance. UA levels in the urine of different volunteers could be accurately tested using this method. In addition, a paper-based aptasensor for UA self-testing was manufactured, in which the urinary UA levels could be determined using a smartphone-based colorimetric approach. This work not only demonstrates a new approach for the design of disease-associated aptasensor, but also offers promising ideas for home-based detection of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weifan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Peng Z, Tang X, Xu P, Qiu P. Calcium Fluoride/Manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite with Dual Enzyme-like Activities for Uric Acid Sensing: A Comparative Study of Enzyme and Nonenzyme Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:54-65. [PMID: 38117478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The debate over enzyme methods versus nonenzyme methods in the field of nanosensing has lasted for decades despite hundreds of published studies on this topic. In this study, we first present a comparative analysis of these methods using a reaction based on the CaF2/MnO2 nanocomposite (CM Nc) with dual-enzyme activity, presenting oxidase- and peroxidase-like activities. Uric acid (UA) is a byproduct of purine metabolism in the body, and abnormal levels can cause many diseases; hence, tracking the amount of UA in human serum is crucial. The enzyme method was established using uricase and CM Nc: UA produced H2O2 when catalyzed by uricase; H2O2 was then catalyzed into reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the peroxidase activity of the CM Nc; this ROS oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which was oxidized into blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB). The nonenzyme method was built on the scavenging effect of UA on the ROS, which prevented the catalytic capability of CM Nc toward TMB and induced blue oxTMB fading. The results of further tests revealed the good selectivity of the enzyme method compared to the fast response of the nonenzyme method. Additionally, both methods were effective in determining the UA concentration in human serum. The two separate methods can also independently verify each other, increasing the accuracy of the detection results in accordance with the relatively independent detection principles. This research provided theoretical backing for the practical design of multienzyme nanozyme catalysts, which can facilitate the precise detection of UA in biochemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoujun Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Dvořák M, Moravčík O, Kubáň P. Capillary Electrophoresis with Interchangeable Cartridges for Versatile and Automated Analyses of Dried Blood Spot Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11823-11830. [PMID: 37505089 PMCID: PMC10413327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept for highly versatile automated analyses of dried blood spot (DBS) samples by commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. Two interchangeable CE cartridges with different fused-silica capillaries were used for the DBS elutions and the DBS eluate analyses, respectively. The application of one CE cartridge with a wide-bore capillary reduced DBS processing times to a minimum (1-2 min per sample) while fitting the other CE cartridge with a narrow-bore capillary served for highly efficient CE analyses. A comprehensive investigation of major variables affecting liquid handling in CE (capillary length, internal diameter, and temperature) was carried out with the aim of optimizing both procedures and enabling their maximum flexibility. The application of two CE cartridges also enabled the employment of CE detectors with different instrumental set-ups and/or principles as was demonstrated by the optical detection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the conductivity detection of amino acids (AAs). The presented methods were optimized for the automated CE analyses of 36 DBS samples formed by a volumetric collection of 5 μL of capillary blood onto Whatman 903 discs and processed by direct in-vial elution using the CE instrument. The precision of liquid transfers for the automated DBS elutions was better than 0.9% and the precision of CE analyses did not exceed 5.1 and 12.3% for the determination of NSAIDs and AAs, respectively. Both methods were linear (R2 ≥ 0.996) over the therapeutic (NSAIDs) and the endogenous (AAs) concentration ranges, had limits of quantification below the typical analyte concentrations in human blood, and achieved sample throughputs of more than 6 DBSs per hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Dvořák
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Moravčík
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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