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Kranjac AW, Kain ZN, Ehwerhemuepha L, Weiss M, Jenkins BN. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context Predicts Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024:99228241262997. [PMID: 39044420 DOI: 10.1177/00099228241262997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Causes of asthma exacerbation in children have been studied extensively at the individual level, but contributions of neighborhood-level factors are less explored. We test which distinctive residential characteristics produce variation in uncontrolled asthma among pediatric patients. We extracted electronic medical record data from pediatric patients living in Southern California and used multilevel modeling techniques to isolate which neighborhood characteristics drive inequitable asthma control. Above and beyond the individual-level factors known to predict inadequate disease control, neighborhoods with greater concentration of non-Hispanic black residents (odds ratios [OR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.03; P < .05), higher proportions of female-headed households (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01; P < .05), and higher levels of ambient air pollution (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; P < .001) associate with greater odds of asthma exacerbation. The interplay between community characteristics and asthma management during childhood is complex, and place-based initiatives are needed to narrow the gap in asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- Center on Stress & Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Earl Babbie Research Center, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Center on Stress & Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Louis Ehwerhemuepha
- Computational Research, Research Institute, Children's Health of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Weiss
- Pediatrics, Children's Health of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brooke N Jenkins
- Center on Stress & Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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2
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Akca Sumengen A, Ocakci AF. Evaluation of the effect of an education program using cartoons and comics on disease management in children with asthma: a randomized controlled study. J Asthma 2023; 60:11-23. [PMID: 35175171 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2043358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an education program, the Health Promotion Program for Children with Asthma (HPPCA), on disease control and quality of life in children aged between 7 and 11 and diagnosed with asthma. The program was developed using cartoons and color-in materials and was based on the health promotion model developed by Nola J. Pender and brain-based learning theories. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample of the study consisted of 74 children between the ages of 7 and 11 who presented to the respiratory diseases' unit of a university hospital in Istanbul. All participants were given basic asthma education by their physicians, and were then randomly assigned to a group that received the HPPCA program or a control group that received no further education. After the HPPCA education was applied to the experimental group alone, both groups were administered two post-tests as a follow-up and retest at the end of the first and fourth month after the intervention. The standardized Sociodemographic Question Form, the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) were used for the follow-up. RESULTS The asthma control and quality of life scores of the children included in the experimental group were found to be significantly higher compared to the control group at the first- and fourth-month follow-ups (p<.001). The rate of school absenteeism decreased significantly in children who received HPPCA education at the first follow-up compared to the children who did not receive the education (p<.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The present study found that the HPPCA education, whose design was based on the health promotion model, and which was supported by cartoons in order to attract the attention of the children, was effective. The HPPCA was proven to create a sense of control over asthma and to improve the quality of life in the children. It is recommended that there be an asthma nurse in pediatric allergy and immunology outpatient clinics who can specifically provide an HPPCA. Further studies should be conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of this program, which was examined in the present study for the first time with a randomized controlled method.HighlightsAsthma control is extremely important for the quality of life in children with asthma.Asthma education provided to school-age children yields the best results when new teaching techniques and multimedia content are used.Asthma education for children must be based on a good theoretical methodology.Children can best manage asthma when they learn about it directly.Asthma education conducted according to the guidelines is of great importance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Akca Sumengen
- Koc University Graduate School of Health Science, İstanbul, Turkey.,Yeditepe University Faculty of Health Science, Atesehir/Istanbul, Turkey
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Perazzo D, Moore R, Kasparian NA, Rodts M, Horowitz-Kraus T, Crosby L, Turpin B, Beck AF, Hutton J. Chronic pediatric diseases and risk for reading difficulties: a narrative review with recommendations. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:966-978. [PMID: 35121848 PMCID: PMC9586865 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Literacy is a major social determinant of health, rooted in skills that develop during early childhood. Children arriving at kindergarten unprepared to learn to read are more likely to have low reading proficiency thereafter. General and health literacy are highly correlated, affecting understanding of health conditions, treatment adherence, and transition to self-care and adult healthcare services. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends literacy and school readiness promotion during well-visits and neurodevelopmental surveillance is emphasized across primary and subspecialty care. While genetic and environmental risk factors for reading difficulties are well-established, risks related to complex and chronic medical conditions are less appreciated and under-researched. This review applies an eco-bio-developmental framework to explore literacy across five complex chronic conditions affecting millions of children worldwide: asthma, cancer, congenital heart disease, epilepsy, and sickle cell disease. In each, integration of an efficient reading brain network may be impacted by direct factors, such as ischemia, anesthesia, and/or medications, and also indirect factors, such as altered parent-child routines, hospital stays, and missed school. By integrating literacy into care management plans for affected children, pediatric primary care and specialty providers are poised to identify risks early, target guidance and interventions, and improve academic and health outcomes. IMPACT: While genetic and environmental risk factors for reading difficulties are well-established, risks related to complex and/or chronic medical conditions such as asthma, cancer, congenital heart disease, epilepsy, and sickle cell disease are substantial, less appreciated, and under-researched. General and health literacy are highly correlated, with implications for the understanding one's health condition, treatment adherence, and transitioning to self-care, which is especially important for children with complex and/or chronic illness. Pediatric primary care and specialty providers are poised to integrate reading and literacy into care management plans for children with complex and/or chronic illness, including early screening, guidance, support, and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Perazzo
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Moore
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nadine A Kasparian
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Heart Disease and Mental Health, Heart Institute and Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Megan Rodts
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori Crosby
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training and Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian Turpin
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew F Beck
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Hutton
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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4
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Sharpe H, Potestio M, Cave A, Johnson DW, Scott SD. Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the Primary Care Asthma Paediatric Pathway: a qualitative analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058950. [PMID: 35551084 PMCID: PMC9109122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this qualitative study was to use a theory-based approach to understand the facilitators and barriers that impacted the implementation of the Primary Care Asthma Paediatric Pathway. DESIGN Qualitative semistructured focus groups following a randomised cluster-controlled design. SETTING 22 primary care practices in Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 37 healthcare providers participated in four focus groups to discuss the barriers and facilitators of pathway implementation. INTERVENTION An electronic medical record (EMR) based paediatric asthma pathway, online learning modules, in-person training for allied health teams in asthma education, and a clinical dashboard for patient management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Our qualitative findings are organised into three themes using the core constructs of the normalisation process theory: (1) Facilitators of implementation, (2) Barriers to implementation, and (3) Proposed mitigation strategies. RESULTS Participants were positive about the pathway, and felt it served as a reminder of paediatric guideline-based asthma management, and an EMR-based targeted collection of tools and resources. Barriers included a low priority of paediatric asthma due to few children with asthma in their practices. The pathway was not integrated into clinic flow and there was not a specific process to ensure the pathway was used. Sites without project champions also struggled more with implementation. Despite these barriers, clinicians identified mitigation strategies to improve uptake including developing a reminder system within the EMR and creating a workflow that incorporated the pathway. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the barriers and facilitators shaping the asthma pathway implementation. Our findings highlighted that if team support of enrolment (establishing buy-in), legitimisation (ensuring teams see their role in the pathway) and activation (an ongoing plan for sustainability) there may have been greater uptake of the pathway. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov on 25 June 2015; the registration number is: NCT02481037, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02481037?term=andrew+cave&cond=Asthma+in+Children&cntry=CA&city=Edmonton&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Sharpe
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Cave
- Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Johnson
- Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Sagheb E, Wi CI, Yoon J, Seol HY, Shrestha P, Ryu E, Park M, Yawn B, Liu H, Homme J, Juhn Y, Sohn S. Artificial Intelligence Assesses Clinicians' Adherence to Asthma Guidelines Using Electronic Health Records. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1047-1056.e1. [PMID: 34800704 PMCID: PMC9007821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians' asthma guideline adherence in asthma care is suboptimal. The effort to improve adherence can be enhanced by assessing and monitoring clinicians' adherence to guidelines reflected in electronic health records (EHRs), which require costly manual chart review because many care elements cannot be identified by structured data. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of an artificial intelligence tool using natural language processing (NLP) leveraging the free text EHRs of pediatric patients to extract key components of the 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study using a birth cohort with a diagnosis of asthma at Mayo Clinic between 2003 and 2016. We used 1,039 clinical notes with an asthma diagnosis from a random sample of 300 patients. Rule-based NLP algorithms were developed to identify asthma guideline-congruent elements by examining care description in EHR free text. RESULTS Natural language processing algorithms demonstrated a sensitivity (0.82-1.0), specificity (0.95-1.0), positive predictive value (0.86-1.0), and negative predictive value (0.92-1.0) against manual chart review for asthma guideline-congruent elements. Assessing medication compliance and inhaler technique assessment were the most challenging elements to assess because of the complexity and wide variety of descriptions. CONCLUSIONS Natural language processing technologies may enable the automated assessment of clinicians' documentation in EHRs regarding adherence to asthma guidelines and can be a useful population management and research tool to assess and monitor asthma care quality. Multisite studies with a larger sample size are needed to assess the generalizability of these NLP algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sagheb
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jungwon Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee Yun Seol
- Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Pragya Shrestha
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Miguel Park
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Barbara Yawn
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jason Homme
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Young Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
| | - Sunghwan Sohn
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
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6
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Lung Function Tests, Quality of Life and Telemedicine: Three Windows on the Multifaceted World of Asthma in Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9040476. [PMID: 35455520 PMCID: PMC9026868 DOI: 10.3390/children9040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation and recognized as the most prevalent chronic illness among children. Despite this, the knowledge as to how asthma affects adolescents is still scarce. One of the main management problems of asthmatic adolescents is the poor adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The assessment of respiratory function and the impact on quality of life are still two crucial challenges in the management of asthmatic adolescents. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted physicians to explore complementary management strategies including telemedicine technologies. This review aims to provide an update on the contribution of respiratory functional tests, how asthma affects quality of life of adolescents and, finally, how telemedicine contributes to the management of adolescent asthmatics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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7
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Haynes SC, Kamerman-Kretzmer R, Khan SS, Crossen S, Lieng MK, Marcin JP, Kenyon NJ, Kim CH. Telemedicine use for pediatric asthma care: a mixed methods study. J Asthma 2022; 59:2431-2440. [PMID: 34913803 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2019265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with telemedicine use for asthma care among children and young adults, and to describe the parent and patient experience of asthma care over telemedicine. METHODS Our mixed methods study consisted of an electronic health record analysis and a qualitative focus group analysis. We analyzed records for all patients aged 2-24 seen at UC Davis Health between March 19, 2020 and September 30, 2020 for a primary diagnosis of asthma. We performed multivariable logistic regression to quantify the relationships between patient characteristics and telemedicine use. We also conducted focus groups with parents and patients who received asthma care during the study period and used qualitative content analysis to identify themes from the transcripts. RESULTS 502 patients met the inclusion criteria. Telemedicine use was significantly lower among patients with a primary language other than English (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.025-0.54, p = 0.006), school-aged children (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.77, p = 0.005), and patients who received asthma care from a primary care provider instead of a specialist (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.91, p = 0.020). Six thematic categories emerged from focus groups: engaging with the patient, improving access to care, experience of visit, measurements, scheduling, and the future of telemedicine in asthma care. CONCLUSIONS Alternating telemedicine with in-person visits for asthma care may result in improved access to care and reduced burdens on patients and families. Providers and researchers should work to understand the specific reasons for low telemedicine use among non-English speaking patients so that these patients receive equitable access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Haynes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Center for Health and Technology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Shahabal S Khan
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Crossen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Center for Health and Technology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Monica K Lieng
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James P Marcin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Center for Health and Technology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Christopher H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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8
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Malika N, Granillo C, Irani C, Montgomery S, Belliard JC. Chronic Absenteeism: Risks and Protective Factors Among Low-Income, Minority Children and Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:1046-1054. [PMID: 34636035 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-income and racial/ethnic minority students often face distinct challenges in attending school eading to lower academic performance, low graduation rates, and overall, an indicator of diminished long-term social and financial stability. Chronic absenteeism is a national problem and to address this, a better understanding of risks and points of intervention for the students most at risk is needed. This cross-sectional study sought to assess risks and protective factors associated with chronic absenteeism in a predominantly low-income minority school district in Southern. METHODS Conducted in southern California, students (N = 24,439) ages 9 to 21 years were recruited. A logistic regression was used to assess the role poor physical and mental health, safety, bullying, and family risk factors attributed to chronic absenteeism. RESULTS Results revealed that asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, p < .001), being overweight/obese (OR = 1.38, p < .01), presence of family risk factors (OR = 1.49, p < .001), bullying (OR = 0.84, p < .05) and perceptions of safety at school (OR = 1.24, p < .05) increased the odds of chronic absenteeism, while protective factors such as support (OR = 1.30, p < .001), increased sleep (OR = 0.96, p < .001) and positive growth mindset (OR = 0.96, p < .001), mitigated it. CONCLUSION This study not only identifies risk but protective factors worth adhering to, to promote school attendance. Future research should further examine the role of mental health in chronic absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipher Malika
- MPH, , The RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401
| | - Cristie Granillo
- Program Manager for Community Health Workers, , School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11065 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350; Institute for Community Partnerships, Loma Linda University, 11188 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350
| | - Crissy Irani
- Research Analyst, , Institute for Community Partnerships, Loma Linda University, 11188 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350
| | - Susanne Montgomery
- Director of Research, , Loma Linda University, School of Behavioral Health, 11065 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350; Institute for Community Partnerships Loma Linda University 11188 Anderson St., Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Juan Carlos Belliard
- Director for the Institute for Community Partnerships, , Institute for Community Partnerships, Loma Linda University, 11188 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350
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9
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Brantley E, Ku L. Continuous Eligibility for Medicaid Associated With Improved Child Health Outcomes. Med Care Res Rev 2021; 79:404-413. [PMID: 34525877 DOI: 10.1177/10775587211021172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating insurance coverage, or churning, is a recognized barrier to health care access. We assessed whether state policies that allow children to remain covered in Medicaid for a 12-month period, regardless of fluctuations in income, are associated with health and health care outcomes, after controlling for individual factors and other Medicaid policies. This cross-sectional study uses a large, nationally representative database of children ages 0 to 17. Continuous eligibility was associated with improved rates of insurance, reductions in gaps in insurance and gaps due to application problems, and lower probability of being in fair or poor health. For children with special health care needs, it was associated with increases in use of medical care and preventive and specialty care access. However, continuous eligibility was not associated with health care utilization outcomes for the full sample. Continuous eligibility may be an effective strategy to reduce gaps in coverage for children and reduce paperwork burden on Medicaid agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Brantley
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leighton Ku
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Senter JP, Smith BM, Prichett LM, Connor KA, Johnson SB. Pediatric Asthma Is Associated With Poorer 3-Year Academic Achievement in Urban Elementary and Middle-School Students. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:1009-1017. [PMID: 33207219 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma has been associated with worse academic performance in a single school year, yet this association may be magnified over time as students with asthma continue to fall behind. This study examined the relationship between asthma and standardized test performance aggregated across 3 school years, including whether performance varied by likelihood of having significant asthma. METHODS Data were from students in grades K-8 at 2 urban public schools in the Northeastern United States (2015-2018). Asthma was based on parent- and self-report and school health center records. Standardized test performance was assessed using Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) and Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC). Mixed effects linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between asthma and performance during 3 school years. RESULTS Any asthma was associated with worse MAP performance across the 3 academic years. Students with the most significant asthma demonstrated worse performance on MAP and PARCC. Aggregating across 3 school years, students scored 3.17 points worse on MAP reading (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-5.63; P = .012) and 3.56 points worse on MAP mathematics (95% CI: 0.52-6.6; P = .022); they had 48.8% (95% CI: 1.9%-73.2%; P = .044) and 58.0% (95% CI: 21%-78%; P = .007) lower odds of proficiency on PARCC English/Language Arts and Mathematics, respectively compared to those without asthma. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between asthma and poorer academic achievement in 1 school year may be magnified over multiple years, particularly among those with more significant asthma. School-based asthma interventions may support academic growth and more equitable health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Senter
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JP Senter, BM Smith, LM Prichett, KA Connor, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md.
| | - Brandon M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JP Senter, BM Smith, LM Prichett, KA Connor, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md
| | - Laura M Prichett
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JP Senter, BM Smith, LM Prichett, KA Connor, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md
| | - Katherine A Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JP Senter, BM Smith, LM Prichett, KA Connor, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JP Senter, BM Smith, LM Prichett, KA Connor, and SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md; Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health and Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md
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11
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Bender BG, Simmons B, Konkoly N, Liu AH. The Asthma Toolkit Bootcamp to Improve Rural Primary Care for Pediatric Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3091-3097.e1. [PMID: 33864928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with asthma living in rural areas receive most of their care from primary care providers who have variable knowledge of evidence-based guideline management. OBJECTIVE To test the capacity of the Asthma Toolkit Bootcamp program to improve primary care provider guidelines adherence and reduce health care utilization in rural children with asthma. METHODS The Asthma Toolkit Bootcamp program provided intensive training in National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines-based asthma care, evaluated within a RE-AIM implementation science framework. All primary care practices serving pediatric patients in rural La Plata County, Colorado, received (1) online instruction, (2) full-day training, and (3) follow-up, in-practice training 1 month later. Training focused on spirometry use, severity and control assessment, medication management, asthma action plan utilization, and adoption of a standardized visit protocol. RESULTS RE-AIM evaluation determined successful enrollment of practices in La Plata County (Reach) and provider uptake of evidence-based practices including spirometry (Adoption). Pediatric asthma patients receiving spirometry increased from 22% pretraining to 86% posttraining; severity assessment from 47% to 88%; and action plans from 40% to 86%. Significant improvements in health care utilization were observed among trained practices including a 10% decrease in emergency department visits, 35% decrease in hospital admissions, and 29% decrease in oral corticosteroid prescriptions (Effectiveness). Comparison practices showed no significant reductions in health care utilization. Participating providers reported that having the training in their own community, intense practice, a team-based approach, and cost-free materials including the spirometer and patient education materials were particularly helpful. CONCLUSIONS The Asthma Toolkit Bootcamp improved pediatric asthma care given by rural providers and reduced health care utilization among their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Bender
- Center for Health Promotion, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
| | - Bryan Simmons
- Center for Health Promotion, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Andrew H Liu
- Breathing Institute, Section of Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
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