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ChoK-Full of Potential: Choline Kinase in B Cell and T Cell Malignancies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060911. [PMID: 34202989 PMCID: PMC8234087 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant choline metabolism, characterized by an increase in total choline-containing compounds, phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine (PC), is a metabolic hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This aberration arises from alterations in metabolic enzymes that control PC biosynthesis and catabolism. Among these enzymes, choline kinase α (CHKα) exhibits the most frequent alterations and is commonly overexpressed in human cancers. CHKα catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to generate phosphocholine, the first step in de novo PC biosynthesis. CHKα overexpression is associated with the malignant phenotype, metastatic capability and drug resistance in human cancers, and thus has been recognized as a robust biomarker and therapeutic target of cancer. Of clinical importance, increased choline metabolism and CHKα activity can be detected by non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with radiolabeled choline analogs for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cancer patients. Both choline-based MRS and PET/CT imaging have also been clinically applied for lymphoid malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and central nervous system lymphoma. However, information on how choline kinase is dysregulated in lymphoid malignancies is very limited and has just begun to be unraveled. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of choline kinase in B cell and T cell malignancies with the goal of promoting future investigation in this area.
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Acciardo S, Mignion L, Joudiou N, Bouzin C, Baurain JF, Gallez B, Jordan BF. Imaging markers of response to combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF mutated vemurafenib-sensitive and resistant melanomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16832-16846. [PMID: 29682188 PMCID: PMC5908289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority of patients with a V600x melanoma respond quickly to BRAF/MEK inhibition (BRAFi/MEKi) and have an obvious clinical benefit. Nearly all the patients after this initial phase will develop resistance. Therefore, non-invasive early markers of response/non-response are needed in order to identify those patients who, due to intrinsic or acquired resistance, do not respond to treatment and would be eligible for alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of choline and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) as early markers of response to BRAF inhibition (BRAFi) with vemurafenib alone or in combination with MEK inhibition (MEKi) with trametinib, in BRAFi-sensitive and BRAFi-resistant melanoma xenografts. Tumor response was significantly improved by the combination of BRAFi and MEKi, compared to BRAFi alone, only in sensitive xenografts; thus indicating that vemurafenib-resistant A375R xenografts were cross-resistant to the inhibition of MEK, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis for phosphorylated ERK. In vivo1H-MRS showed that in sensitive melanoma xenografts, a significant blockage of ERK phosphorylation, but not a decrease in cell proliferation, was required to affect total choline (tCho) levels, thus suggesting that tCho could serve as a pharmacodynamic (PD) marker for agents targeting the MAPK cascade. In addition, early effects of the combination therapy on tumor cellularity could be detected via DW-MRI. In particular, skewness and kurtosis of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) distribution may be useful to detect changes in the diffusional heterogeneity that might not affect the global ADC value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Acciardo
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, NEST Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, IREC Imaging Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Baurain
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Molecular Imaging and Radiation Oncology Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Brussels, Belgium
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Rizzo S, Buscarino V, Origgi D, Summers P, Raimondi S, Lazzari R, Landoni F, Bellomi M. Evaluation of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) as early response biomarkers in cervical cancer patients. Radiol Med 2016; 121:838-846. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-016-0665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Lee SC, Arias-Mendoza F, Poptani H, Delikatny EJ, Wasik M, Marzec M, Schuster SJ, Nasta SD, Svoboda J, O'Connor OA, Smith MR, Glickson JD. Prediction and Early Detection of Response by NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging. PET Clin 2016; 7:119-26. [PMID: 22737093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Klinghoffer RA, Bahrami SB, Hatton BA, Frazier JP, Moreno-Gonzalez A, Strand AD, Kerwin WS, Casalini JR, Thirstrup DJ, You S, Morris SM, Watts KL, Veiseh M, Grenley MO, Tretyak I, Dey J, Carleton M, Beirne E, Pedro KD, Ditzler SH, Girard EJ, Deckwerth TL, Bertout JA, Meleo KA, Filvaroff EH, Chopra R, Press OW, Olson JM. A technology platform to assess multiple cancer agents simultaneously within a patient's tumor. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:284ra58. [PMID: 25904742 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental problem in cancer drug development is that antitumor efficacy in preclinical cancer models does not translate faithfully to patient outcomes. Much of early cancer drug discovery is performed under in vitro conditions in cell-based models that poorly represent actual malignancies. To address this inconsistency, we have developed a technology platform called CIVO, which enables simultaneous assessment of up to eight drugs or drug combinations within a single solid tumor in vivo. The platform is currently designed for use in animal models of cancer and patients with superficial tumors but can be modified for investigation of deeper-seated malignancies. In xenograft lymphoma models, CIVO microinjection of well-characterized anticancer agents (vincristine, doxorubicin, mafosfamide, and prednisolone) induced spatially defined cellular changes around sites of drug exposure, specific to the known mechanisms of action of each drug. The observed localized responses predicted responses to systemically delivered drugs in animals. In pair-matched lymphoma models, CIVO correctly demonstrated tumor resistance to doxorubicin and vincristine and an unexpected enhanced sensitivity to mafosfamide in multidrug-resistant lymphomas compared with chemotherapy-naïve lymphomas. A CIVO-enabled in vivo screen of 97 approved oncology agents revealed a novel mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway inhibitor that exhibits significantly increased tumor-killing activity in the drug-resistant setting compared with chemotherapy-naïve tumors. Finally, feasibility studies to assess the use of CIVO in human and canine patients demonstrated that microinjection of drugs is toxicity-sparing while inducing robust, easily tracked, drug-specific responses in autochthonous tumors, setting the stage for further application of this technology in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bahram Bahrami
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D Strand
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheng You
- Presage Biosciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Mandana Veiseh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Joyoti Dey
- Presage Biosciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle D Pedro
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Emily J Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Karri A Meleo
- Oncology Department, BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Seattle, WA 98125, USA
| | | | | | - Oliver W Press
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Liu T, Nath K, Liu W, Zhou R, Chen IW. A study of the relationship of metabolic MR parameters to estrogen dependence in breast cancer xenografts. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1087-1096. [PMID: 26174437 PMCID: PMC4537822 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(1)H MRS, (31)P MRS and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) were applied to study the metabolic changes associated with estrogen dependence in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BT-474 and triple-negative HCC1806 breast cancer xenografts supplemented with or without 17β-estradiol (E2) at a dose of 0.18 or 0.72 mg/pellet. Furthermore, the effect of estrogen withdrawal on the metabolism of BT-474 and HCC1806 breast cancer xenografts was studied on day 0, day 2 and day 10. Increasing the dose of E2 resulted in a rapid growth and increases in the lactate level and phosphomonoester/β-nucleoside triphosphate (PME/βNTP), phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) and βNTP/Pi ratios in BT-474 breast cancer xenografts; however, no significant changes were found in HCC1806 breast cancer xenografts. Estrogen withdrawal resulted in a marked decrease in lactate level and PME/βNTP ratio and an observed increase in βNTP/Pi, PCr/Pi and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of BT-474 breast cancer xenografts on day 10. These data suggest that the lactate level and PME/βNTP, PCr/Pi and βNTP/Pi ratios of ER-positive tumors are closely related to ER dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weixia Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Köberle M, Müller K, Kamprad M, Horn F, Scholz M. Monitoring Disease Progression and Therapeutic Response in a Disseminated Tumor Model for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by Bioluminescence Imaging. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Köberle
- From the Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, and LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Müller
- From the Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, and LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manja Kamprad
- From the Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, and LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedemann Horn
- From the Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, and LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- From the Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, and LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, and Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Payne GS, deSouza NM, Messiou C, Leach MO. Single-shot single-voxel lactate measurements using FOCI-LASER and a multiple-quantum filter. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:496-504. [PMID: 25802214 PMCID: PMC4737099 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of tissue lactate using (1) H MRS is often confounded by overlap with intense lipid signals at 1.3 ppm. Single-voxel localization using PRESS is also compromised by the large chemical shift displacement between voxels for the 4.1 ppm (-CH) resonance and the 1.3 ppm -CH3 resonance, leading to subvoxels with signals of opposite phase and hence partial signal cancellation. To reduce the chemical shift displacement to negligible proportions, a modified semi-LASER sequence was written ("FOCI-LASER", abbreviated as fLASER) using FOCI pulses to permit high RF bandwidth even with the limited RF amplitude characteristic of clinical MRI scanners. A further modification, MQF-fLASER, includes a selective multiple-quantum filter to detect lactate and reject lipid signals. The sequences were implemented on a Philips 3 T Achieva TX system. In a solution of brain metabolites fLASER lactate signals were 2.7 times those of PRESS. MQF-fLASER lactate was 47% of fLASER (the theoretical maximum is 50%) but still larger than PRESS lactate. In oil, the main 1.3 ppm lipid peak was suppressed to less than 1%. Enhanced suppression was possible using increased gradient durations. The minimum detectable lactate concentration was approximately 0.5 mM. Coherence selection gradients needed to be at the magic angle to avoid large water signals derived from intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences. In pilot patient measurements, lactate peaks were often observed in brain tumours, but not in cervix tumours; lipids were effectively suppressed. In summary, compared with PRESS, the fLASER sequence yields greatly superior sensitivity for direct detection of lactate (and equivalent sensitivity for other metabolites), while the single-voxel single-shot MQF-fLASER sequence surpasses PRESS for lactate detection while eliminating substantial signals from lipids. This sequence will increase the potential for in vivo lactate measurement as a biomarker in targeted anti-cancer treatments as well as in measurements of tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Payne
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Kollár P, Rajchard J, Balounová Z, Pazourek J. Marine natural products: bryostatins in preclinical and clinical studies. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:237-242. [PMID: 24033119 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.804100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bryostatins represent an important group of pharmaceutically promising substances. These compounds are produced by commensal microorganisms naturally occurring in marine invertebrates, mainly in bryozoans. The most frequently investigated substance is bryostatin-1, which is a highly oxygenated macrolide with a polyacetate backbone. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to summarize documented preclinical and clinical effects of bryostatin-class compounds. METHODS A literature search was made of Medline and Web of Science databases in 2012. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our review showed that bryostatins are potent agonists of protein kinase C. In addition to this, their significant antineoplastic activity against several tumor types has also been established and described. Bryostatin's anticancer activity has been proved against various cancer types. Moreover, significant results have been achieved by using bryostatin-1 in combination with other therapies, including combination with vaccine testing. Concerning other important properties that bryostatins possess, their ability to sensitize some resistant cells to chemotherapy agents, or immunoactivity and further stimulating growth of new neural connections, and enhancing effect on long-term memory are worth mentioning. In particular, some new bryostatin analogs could represent potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer and other diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kollár
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
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Bokacheva L, Ackerstaff E, LeKaye HC, Zakian K, Koutcher JA. High-field small animal magnetic resonance oncology studies. Phys Med Biol 2013; 59:R65-R127. [PMID: 24374985 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/2/r65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the applications of high magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) to cancer studies in small animals. High-field MRI can provide information about tumor physiology, the microenvironment, metabolism, vascularity and cellularity. Such studies are invaluable for understanding tumor growth and proliferation, response to treatment and drug development. The MR techniques reviewed here include (1)H, (31)P, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging and hyperpolarized (13)C MRS as well as diffusion-weighted, blood oxygen level dependent contrast imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. These methods have been proven effective in animal studies and are highly relevant to human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bokacheva
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 415 East 68 Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Magnitsky S, Belka G, Sterner C, Pickup S, Chodosh L, Glickson J. Lactate detection in inducible and orthotopic Her2/neu mammary gland tumours in mouse models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:35-42. [PMID: 22767445 PMCID: PMC3535525 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the steady state concentration of lactate in an inducible Her2/nue transgenic breast cancer mouse model and in tumours from the same Her2/neu model grown orthotopically. In vivo lactate was detected by MRS using the Hadamard encoded selective multiple quantum coherence pulse sequence (HadSelMQC) recently developed by our laboratory. A lower lactate signal was observed in the inducible tumours compared to orthotopic tumours in vivo, while ex vivo analysis of perchloric acid extracts revealed similar amounts of this metabolite in both models. Histological staining of mammary tumour specimens showed a much higher level of fat tissue in inducible tumours compared to the orthotopic model. Phantom studies with [3-(13) C] lactate indicated that a lipid environment could significantly reduce the T2 of lactate and impede its detection. The transgenic inducible model for breast cancer not only better recapitulated the biological aspects of the human disease but also provided additional characteristics related to in vivo detection of lactate that are not available in orthotopic or xenograft models. This study suggests that the level of lactate measured by the HadSelMQC pulse sequence may be underestimated in human patients in the presence of high lipid levels that are typically encountered in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Magnitsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - G.K. Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C. Sterner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S. Pickup
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - L.A. Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J.D. Glickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Zhu M, Fischl AS, Trowbridge MA, Shannon HE. Reproducibility of total choline/water ratios in mouse U87MG xenograft tumors by 1H-MRS. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:459-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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McIntyre DJO, Madhu B, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer metabolism and response to therapy. Radiat Res 2012; 177:398-435. [PMID: 22401303 DOI: 10.1667/rr2903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows noninvasive in vivo measurements of biochemical information from living systems, ranging from cultured cells through experimental animals to humans. Studies of biopsies or extracts offer deeper insights by detecting more metabolites and resolving metabolites that cannot be distinguished in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of certain drugs, especially fluorinated drugs, can be directly measured in vivo. This review briefly describes these methods and their applications to cancer metabolism, including glycolysis, hypoxia, bioenergetics, tumor pH, and tumor responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J O McIntyre
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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15
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Pyruvate kinase type M2: A key regulator of the metabolic budget system in tumor cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:969-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Harry VN. Novel imaging techniques as response biomarkers in cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 116:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Barba I, Sanz C, Barbera A, Tapia G, Mate JL, Garcia-Dorado D, Ribera JM, Oriol A. Metabolic fingerprinting of fresh lymphoma samples used to discriminate between follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Jiang YJ, Sun Q, Fang XS, Wang X. Comparative mitochondrial proteomic analysis of Rji cells exposed to adriamycin. Mol Med 2009; 15:173-82. [PMID: 19209238 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2008.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor mechanisms of adriamycin (ADR) have been thought to contribute to induction of apoptosis and inefficiency of DNA repair, processes that are to a large extent mediated by mitochondria. This study aimed to investigate characteristics of ADR, including its antineoplastic activity, drug resistance, and unexpected toxicity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) Raji cells at the mitochondrial proteomic level. The alterations of the mitochondrial proteome of Raji cells treated with ADR were analyzed by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with linear ion trap quadrupole-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LTQ-ESI-MS/MS).The altered patterns of three identified proteins were validated by Western blot and analyzed by pathway studio software. The results showed that 34 proteins were downregulated and 3 proteins upregulated in the study group compared with the control group. The differentially expressed proteins distributed their functions in reduction-oxidation reactions, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, transporters and channels, and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), ATP-binding cassette transporter isoform B6 (ABCB6), and prohibitin (PHB) identified in this study may be closely related to chemoresistance and could serve as potential chemotherapeutic targets for NHL. Collectively, these results suggest that specific mitochondrial proteins are uniquely susceptible to alterations in abundance following exposure to ADR and carry implications for the investigation of therapeutic and prognostic markers. Further studies focusing on these identified proteins will be used to predict treatment response and reverse apoptosis resistance,and to explore drug-combination strategies associated with ADR for NHL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Huang MQ, Pickup S, Nelson DS, Qiao H, Xu HN, Li LZ, Zhou R, Delikatny EJ, Poptani H, Glickson JD. Monitoring response to chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts by T(2)-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:1021-1029. [PMID: 18988250 PMCID: PMC6594105 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for in vivo detection of early therapeutic response of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma would enable personalized clinical management of cancer therapy and facilitate the design of optimal treatment regimens. This study evaluates the feasibility of T(2)-weighted MRI (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for in vivo detection of response of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice to chemotherapy. Each cycle of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, Oncovin, prednisone, and bryostatin 1 (CHOPB) was administered to tumor-carrying mice weekly for up to four cycles. T2WI and DWI were performed before the initiation of CHOPB and after each cycle of CHOPB. In order to corroborate the MRI results, histological analyses were carried out on control tumors and treated tumors after completion of all MRI studies. DWI revealed a significant (P < 0.03) increase in the mean apparent diffusion coefficient in CHOPB-treated tumors as early as 1 week after initiation of CHOPB. However, a significant (P < 0.03) decrease in mean T(2) was observed only after two cycles of CHOPB. Both MRI methods produced high-resolution (0.1 x 0.1 x 1.0 mm(3)) maps of regional therapeutic response in the treated tumors based on local apparent diffusion coefficient and T(2). Only a specific region of the tumors (in 3 of the 5 tumors) corresponding to about one third of the tumor volume exhibited a response-associate increase in ADC and decrease in T(2). An adjacent region exhibited an increase in T(2) and no change in ADC. The rest of the tumor was indistinguishable from sham-treated controls by MRI criteria. The therapeutic response of the treated tumors detected by MRI was accompanied by changes in tumor cell density, proliferation and apoptosis revealed by histological studies performed upon completion of the longitudinal study. The mechanism producing the regional response of the tumor remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry D. Glickson
- Correspondence to: J. D.
Glickson, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
19104, USA.
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