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Winter L, Periquito J, Kolbitsch C, Pellicer-Guridi R, Nunes RG, Häuer M, Broche L, O'Reilly T. Open-source magnetic resonance imaging: Improving access, science, and education through global collaboration. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5052. [PMID: 37986655 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Open-source practices and resources in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have increased substantially in recent years. This trend started with software and data being published open-source and, more recently, open-source hardware designs have become increasingly available. These developments towards a culture of sharing and establishing nonexclusive global collaborations have already improved the reproducibility and reusability of code and designs, while providing a more inclusive approach, especially for low-income settings. Community-driven standardization and documentation efforts are further strengthening and expanding these milestones. The future of open-source MRI is bright and we have just started to discover its full collaborative potential. In this review we will give an overview of open-source software and open-source hardware projects in human MRI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - João Periquito
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christoph Kolbitsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rita G Nunes
- Institute for Systems and Robotics and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Häuer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- Open Source Ecology Germany e.V. (nonprofit), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lionel Broche
- Biomedical Physics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tom O'Reilly
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Adhikari BM, Jahanshad N, Shukla D, Turner J, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Kugel H, Engelen J, Dietsche B, Krug A, Kircher T, Fieremans E, Veraart J, Novikov DS, Boedhoe PSW, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA, Ipser J, Uhlmann A, Stein DJ, Dickie E, Voineskos AN, Malhotra AK, Pizzagalli F, Calhoun VD, Waller L, Veer IM, Walter H, Buchanan RW, Glahn DC, Hong LE, Thompson PM, Kochunov P. A resting state fMRI analysis pipeline for pooling inference across diverse cohorts: an ENIGMA rs-fMRI protocol. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 13:1453-1467. [PMID: 30191514 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale consortium efforts such as Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) and other collaborative efforts show that combining statistical data from multiple independent studies can boost statistical power and achieve more accurate estimates of effect sizes, contributing to more reliable and reproducible research. A meta- analysis would pool effects from studies conducted in a similar manner, yet to date, no such harmonized protocol exists for resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) data. Here, we propose an initial pipeline for multi-site rsfMRI analysis to allow research groups around the world to analyze scans in a harmonized way, and to perform coordinated statistical tests. The challenge lies in the fact that resting state fMRI measurements collected by researchers over the last decade vary widely, with variable quality and differing spatial or temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR). An effective harmonization must provide optimal measures for all quality data. Here we used rsfMRI data from twenty-two independent studies with approximately fifty corresponding T1-weighted and rsfMRI datasets each, to (A) review and aggregate the state of existing rsfMRI data, (B) demonstrate utility of principal component analysis (PCA)-based denoising and (C) develop a deformable ENIGMA EPI template based on the representative anatomy that incorporates spatial distortion patterns from various protocols and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dinesh Shukla
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Engelen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry S Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Ipser
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erin Dickie
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network & The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lea Waller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Matte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Matte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hernik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Matte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Avants BB, Tustison NJ, Stauffer M, Song G, Wu B, Gee JC. The Insight ToolKit image registration framework. Front Neuroinform 2014; 8:44. [PMID: 24817849 PMCID: PMC4009425 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2014.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Publicly available scientific resources help establish evaluation standards, provide a platform for teaching and improve reproducibility. Version 4 of the Insight ToolKit (ITK4) seeks to establish new standards in publicly available image registration methodology. ITK4 makes several advances in comparison to previous versions of ITK. ITK4 supports both multivariate images and objective functions; it also unifies high-dimensional (deformation field) and low-dimensional (affine) transformations with metrics that are reusable across transform types and with composite transforms that allow arbitrary series of geometric mappings to be chained together seamlessly. Metrics and optimizers take advantage of multi-core resources, when available. Furthermore, ITK4 reduces the parameter optimization burden via principled heuristics that automatically set scaling across disparate parameter types (rotations vs. translations). A related approach also constrains steps sizes for gradient-based optimizers. The result is that tuning for different metrics and/or image pairs is rarely necessary allowing the researcher to more easily focus on design/comparison of registration strategies. In total, the ITK4 contribution is intended as a structure to support reproducible research practices, will provide a more extensive foundation against which to evaluate new work in image registration and also enable application level programmers a broad suite of tools on which to build. Finally, we contextualize this work with a reference registration evaluation study with application to pediatric brain labeling.1
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Avants
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael Stauffer
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gang Song
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Baohua Wu
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Gee
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Shi Y, Liao S, Shen D. Learning statistical correlation for fast prostate registration in image-guided radiotherapy. Med Phys 2012; 38:5980-91. [PMID: 22047362 DOI: 10.1118/1.3641645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In adaptive radiation therapy of prostate cancer, fast and accurate registration between the planning image and treatment images of the patient is of essential importance. With the authors' recently developed deformable surface model, prostate boundaries in each treatment image can be rapidly segmented and their correspondences (or relative deformations) to the prostate boundaries in the planning image are also established automatically. However, the dense correspondences on the nonboundary regions, which are important especially for transforming the treatment plan designed in the planning image space to each treatment image space, are remained unresolved. This paper presents a novel approach to learn the statistical correlation between deformations of prostate boundary and nonboundary regions, for rapidly estimating deformations of the nonboundary regions when given the deformations of the prostate boundary at a new treatment image. METHODS The main contributions of the proposed method lie in the following aspects. First, the statistical deformation correlation will be learned from both current patient and other training patients, and further updated adaptively during the radiotherapy. Specifically, in the initial treatment stage when the number of treatment images collected from the current patient is small, the statistical deformation correlation is mainly learned from other training patients. As more treatment images are collected from the current patient, the patient-specific information will play a more important role in learning patient-specific statistical deformation correlation to effectively reflect prostate deformation of the current patient during the treatment. Eventually, only the patient-specific statistical deformation correlation is used to estimate dense correspondences when a sufficient number of treatment images have been acquired from the current patient. Second, the statistical deformation correlation will be learned by using a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, i.e., ridge regression (RR) model, which has the best prediction accuracy than other MLR models such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and principal component regression (PCR). RESULTS To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, we first evaluate its registration accuracy by comparing the deformation field predicted by our method with the deformation field estimated by the thin plate spline (TPS) based correspondence interpolation method on 306 serial prostate CT images of 24 patients. The average predictive error on the voxels around 5 mm of prostate boundary is 0.38 mm for our method of RR-based correlation model. Also, the corresponding maximum error is 2.89 mm. We then compare the speed for deformation interpolation by different methods. When considering the larger region of interest (ROI) with the size of 512 × 512 × 61, our method takes 24.41 seconds to interpolate the dense deformation field while TPS method needs 6.7 minutes; when considering a small ROI (surrounding prostate) with size of 112 × 110 × 93, our method takes 1.80 seconds, while TPS method needs 25 seconds. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve much faster registration speed yet with comparable registration accuracy, compared to the TPS-based correspondence (or deformation) interpolation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Shi
- Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, Taiwan.
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Jia G, Abaza R, Williams JD, Zynger DL, Zhou J, Shah ZK, Patel M, Sammet S, Wei L, Bahnson RR, Knopp MV. Amide proton transfer MR imaging of prostate cancer: a preliminary study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33:647-54. [PMID: 21563248 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the capability of amide proton transfer (APT) MR imaging for detection of prostate cancer that typically shows a higher tumor cell proliferation rate and cellular density leading to an MRI-detectable overall elevated mobile protein level in higher grade tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer were imaged on a 3 Tesla MR imaging system before prostatectomy. APT-MR images were acquired by means of a single-slice single-shot turbo spin echo sequence with a saturation prepulse preparation using 33 different frequency offsets (-8 to 8 ppm, interval 0.5 ppm). For quantification we used the APT ratio (APTR) based on the asymmetry of the magnetization transfer ratio at 3.5 ppm in respect to the water signal. Tumor and peripheral zone benign regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated based on whole mount pathology slides after prostatectomy. RESULTS APTR in prostate cancer ROIs was 5.8% ± 3.2%, significantly higher than that in the peripheral zone benign regions (0.3% ± 3.2%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION APT-MR imaging is feasible in prostate cancer detection and has the potential to discriminate between cancer and noncancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Jia
- Department of Radiology and Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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