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Broncano J, Hanneman K, Ghoshhajra B, Rajiah PS. Cardiac Computed Tomography of Native Cardiac Valves. Radiol Clin North Am 2024; 62:399-417. [PMID: 38553177 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a significant clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although not being the primary imaging modality in VHD, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) provides relevant information about its morphology, function, severity grading, and adverse cardiac remodeling assessment. Aortic valve calcification quantification is necessary for grading severity in cases of low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis. Moreover, CCT details significant information necessary for adequate percutaneous treatment planning. CCT may help to detail the etiology of VHD as well as to depict other less frequent causes of valvular disease, such as infective endocarditis, valvular neoplasms, or other cardiac pseudomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Broncano
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit, Radiology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, HT Medica, Avenida El Brillante Nº 36, Córdoba 14012, Spain.
| | - Kate Hanneman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, 1 PMB-298, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Brian Ghoshhajra
- Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charles River Plaza East, 165 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Zoghbi WA, Jone PN, Chamsi-Pasha MA, Chen T, Collins KA, Desai MY, Grayburn P, Groves DW, Hahn RT, Little SH, Kruse E, Sanborn D, Shah SB, Sugeng L, Swaminathan M, Thaden J, Thavendiranathan P, Tsang W, Weir-McCall JR, Gill E. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Valve Function With Cardiovascular Imaging: A Report From the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration With the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024; 37:2-63. [PMID: 38182282 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In patients with significant cardiac valvular disease, intervention with either valve repair or valve replacement may be inevitable. Although valve repair is frequently performed, especially for mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, valve replacement remains common, particularly in adults. Diagnostic methods are often needed to assess the function of the prosthesis. Echocardiography is the first-line method for noninvasive evaluation of prosthetic valve function. The transthoracic approach is complemented with two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for further refinement of valve morphology and function when needed. More recently, advances in computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance have enhanced their roles in evaluating valvular heart disease. This document offers a review of the echocardiographic techniques used and provides recommendations and general guidelines for evaluation of prosthetic valve function on the basis of the scientific literature and consensus of a panel of experts. This guideline discusses the role of advanced imaging with transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance in evaluating prosthetic valve structure, function, and regurgitation. It replaces the 2009 American Society of Echocardiography guideline on prosthetic valves and complements the 2019 guideline on the evaluation of valvular regurgitation after percutaneous valve repair or replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Zoghbi
- Houston Methodist Hospital, DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Pei-Ni Jone
- Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Tiffany Chen
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Milind Y Desai
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul Grayburn
- Baylor Scott & White Health, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel W Groves
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen H Little
- Houston Methodist Hospital, DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Kruse
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sangeeta B Shah
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lissa Sugeng
- North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Madhav Swaminathan
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Wendy Tsang
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Edward Gill
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Ayati A, Toofaninejad N, Hosseinsabet A, Mohammadi F, Hosseini K. Transcatheter closure of a ruptured sinus of valsalva: a systematic review of the literature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1227761. [PMID: 37727309 PMCID: PMC10505828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1227761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) is a rare pathology, and current data regarding its symptoms, anatomy, associated pathologies, and appropriate therapeutic approaches are scarce. Transcatheter closure (TCC) has been performed in multiple cases; however, the information on its success rate and complications is limited. Methods Two independent reviewers performed an advanced search based on inclusion criteria on Scopus, PubMed, and Embase from January 1985 through July 2022. The main search terms were "Sinus of Valsalva", "Rupture/Aneurysm", and "Transcatheter/Catheter/Device". Results Totally, 1,017 relevant articles from the 3 databases were retrieved. After the final review and appraisal, 94 articles describing 407 patients who underwent the TCC of RSOV were included. Males comprised 65% of the studied patients, and the average age was 34.5 years. The total success rate of TCC was 95.6%. Forty-nine patients (12%) developed complications, the most significant of which were sustained residual shunts in 7 patients (1.7%), substantial new onset or progression of aortic insufficiency in 6 (1.5%), and RSOV recurrence in 6 (1.5%). Post-interventional mortality was reported in only 2 patients (0.5%). Conclusions The present study is the first systematic review of available data regarding the TCC of RSOV principally comprising case series and case reports. Although TCC seems a good option, precise patient selection is mandatory.
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Aziz MU, Manapragada P, Singh SP. Non coronary applications of cardiac computed tomography: A review. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2021; 52:S51-S64. [PMID: 34483085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acquired heart diseases including valvular pathologies and conduction abnormalities, along with coronary artery disease make cardiovascular disease one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Advances in cardiac computed tomography (CCT) have led to markedly improved image quality for assessment of several coronary and noncoronary cardiac abnormalities. With the latest versions of CT scanners, image acquisition can be completed within a few seconds, in a single breath hold and with much less radiation exposure, thus making CT an even more attractive diagnostic tool with its high temporal and excellent spatial resolution. Additional advantages are its noninvasive nature, wide availability, fast image acquisition and ability to provide additional data about the cardiac structure, function, valvular motion, and presence or absence of valvular vegetation, mass or intracardiac thrombus. These factors can result in change in management in many valvular pathologies pre- and post-intervention, and in electrophysiological procedures. The goal of this article is to review applications of cardiac CT in non-coronary indications including valvular assessment, pulmonary vein isolation procedure, and left atrial appendage evaluation for its transcatheter occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Aziz
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Padma Manapragada
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Satinder P Singh
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Xu B, Kocyigit D, Betancor J, Tan C, Rodriguez ER, Schoenhagen P, Flamm SD, Rodriguez LL, Svensson LG, Griffin BP. Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysms: A State-of-the-Art Imaging Review. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:295-312. [PMID: 32143779 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has an important role in the assessment and management of aortic root and thoracic aorta ectasia and aneurysms. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare entities. Unique complications associated with sinus of Valsalva aneurysms make them different from traditional aortic root aneurysms. Established guidelines on the diagnosis and management of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are lacking. This article reviews the applications of multimodality cardiovascular imaging (echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging) for the dedicated assessment and imaging-guided management of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Duygu Kocyigit
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Carmela Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - E Rene Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul Schoenhagen
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Imaging Institute, and Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott D Flamm
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Imaging Institute, and Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Leonardo Rodriguez
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian P Griffin
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
Valvular heart disease is a common clinical problem. Although echocardiography is the standard technique for the noninvasive evaluation of the valves, cardiac CT has evolved to become a useful tool in the evaluation of the cardiac structures as well. Importantly, CT allows for improved quantification of valvular calcification due to its superior spatial resolution. It may improve the detection of small valvular or perivalvular pathology or the characterization of valvular masses and vegetations. This review describes the assessment of normal and diseased heart valves by cardiac CT and discusses its strengths and weaknesses.
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Almolla RM, Enaba MM, Abdel-Rahman HM. Pre-procedural multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in aortic valve replacement. Important measurements. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abdelghani M, Soliman OI, Schultz C, Vahanian A, Serruys PW. Adjudicating paravalvular leaks of transcatheter aortic valves: a critical appraisal. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2627-44. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Transcatheter Therapies for the Treatment of Valvular and Paravalvular Regurgitation in Acquired and Congenital Valvular Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:169-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ko SM, Park JH, Shin JK, Kim JS. Assessment of the regurgitant orifice area in aortic regurgitation with dual-source CT: Comparison with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2015; 9:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Franco A, Fernández-Pérez G, Tomás-Mallebrera M, Badillo-Portugal S, Orejas M. Valvular heart disease: Multidetector computed tomography evaluation. RADIOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Franco A, Fernández-Pérez G, Tomás-Mallebrera M, Badillo-Portugal S, Orejas M. Enfermedad valvular cardíaca. Valoración con tomografía computarizada multidetector. RADIOLOGIA 2014; 56:219-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Feuchtner G. Imaging of cardiac valves by computed tomography. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:270579. [PMID: 24490107 PMCID: PMC3893874 DOI: 10.1155/2013/270579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes "how to" examine cardiac valves with computed tomography, the normal, diseased valves, and prosthetic valves. A review of current scientific literature is provided. Firstly, technical basics, "how to" perform and optimize a multislice CT scan and "how to" interpret valves on CT images are outlined. Then, diagnostic imaging of the entire spectrum of specific valvular disease by CT, including prosthetic heart valves, is highlighted. The last part gives a guide "how to" use CT for planning of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), an emerging effective treatment option for patients with severe aortic stenosis. A special focus is placed on clinical applications of cardiac CT in the context of valvular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Buttan AK, Yang EH, Budoff MJ, Vorobiof G. Evaluation of valvular disease by cardiac computed tomography assessment. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2012; 6:381-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Achenbach S, Chandrashekhar Y, Narula J. Will procedural complexity cultivate interdisciplinary camaraderie? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:965-7. [PMID: 22974811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The role of multi-modality imaging for sinus of Valsalva aneurysms. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 28:1725-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-011-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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