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Zoghbi WA, Jone PN, Chamsi-Pasha MA, Chen T, Collins KA, Desai MY, Grayburn P, Groves DW, Hahn RT, Little SH, Kruse E, Sanborn D, Shah SB, Sugeng L, Swaminathan M, Thaden J, Thavendiranathan P, Tsang W, Weir-McCall JR, Gill E. Guidelines for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Valve Function With Cardiovascular Imaging: A Report From the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration With the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024; 37:2-63. [PMID: 38182282 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In patients with significant cardiac valvular disease, intervention with either valve repair or valve replacement may be inevitable. Although valve repair is frequently performed, especially for mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, valve replacement remains common, particularly in adults. Diagnostic methods are often needed to assess the function of the prosthesis. Echocardiography is the first-line method for noninvasive evaluation of prosthetic valve function. The transthoracic approach is complemented with two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for further refinement of valve morphology and function when needed. More recently, advances in computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance have enhanced their roles in evaluating valvular heart disease. This document offers a review of the echocardiographic techniques used and provides recommendations and general guidelines for evaluation of prosthetic valve function on the basis of the scientific literature and consensus of a panel of experts. This guideline discusses the role of advanced imaging with transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance in evaluating prosthetic valve structure, function, and regurgitation. It replaces the 2009 American Society of Echocardiography guideline on prosthetic valves and complements the 2019 guideline on the evaluation of valvular regurgitation after percutaneous valve repair or replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Zoghbi
- Houston Methodist Hospital, DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Pei-Ni Jone
- Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Tiffany Chen
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Milind Y Desai
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul Grayburn
- Baylor Scott & White Health, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel W Groves
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen H Little
- Houston Methodist Hospital, DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Kruse
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sangeeta B Shah
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lissa Sugeng
- North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Madhav Swaminathan
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Wendy Tsang
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Edward Gill
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Alfraidi H, Kelly N, Nagata Y, Locascio J, Shrestha S, Sanborn D, Picard M. IS TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION PRIOR TO ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY PROCEDURE NECESSARY IN ANTICOAGULATED PATIENTS WITH MINIMAL INTERRUPTION OF ANTICOAGULATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cohen JA, Heist EK, Galvin J, Lee H, Johnson M, Fitzsimons M, Slattery K, Ghoshhajra B, Sakhuja R, Ha G, Forsch M, Shi L, Danik J, Dal‐Bianco J, Sanborn D, Hung J, Ruskin J, Gurol ME, Mansour M. A comparison of postprocedural anticoagulation in high‐risk patients undergoing WATCHMAN device implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2019; 42:1304-1309. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Cohen
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - E. Kevin Heist
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Galvin
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Hang Lee
- Massachusetts General HospitalBiostatistics Center Boston Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Michael Fitzsimons
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Slattery
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Brian Ghoshhajra
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Rahul Sakhuja
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Grace Ha
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Margaux Forsch
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Linsheng Shi
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Danik
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Dal‐Bianco
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Danita Sanborn
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Judy Hung
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy Ruskin
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - M. Edip Gurol
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Moussa Mansour
- Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts
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Sharma R, Sanborn D, Silverman S, Schwamm L. Abstract WP254: Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Detection by Mobile Cardiac Output Telemetry After Hospital Discharge for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.wp254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Patients with cryptogenic stroke without atrial fibrillation (AF) detected in the hospital often undergo 30-day mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT) to increase the AF detection rate. We sought to determine the clinical and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) characteristics associated with AF detection by MCOT.
Methods:
We analyzed a cohort of admissions from 2005 to 2016 with an acute ischemic stroke diagnosis, an inpatient TTE, and an MCOT performed upon discharge. Each admission was treated as a unique observation. Cases with subsequent AF vs. no AF on MCOT were compared by Chi-squared tests if variables were categorical and t-tests if continuous. A multivariable stepwise logistic regression model was created to determine the predictors of AF detection as a function of variables which were significant in univariate analysis and not significantly collinear.
Results:
Of the 4,880 inpatient hospitalizations for acute ischemic stroke with an TTE performed during admission, there were 283 cases which underwent MCOT (10.4 cases/year in 2005-2014, 90 cases/year in 2015-2016). There were 23 (8.10%) cases of AF on MCOT, and they were more likely to be older, white, admitted earlier during the study, and have larger left atrial anterior-posterior and medial-lateral dimensions (Table). A multivariable model demonstrated that age greater than the median of 66 yr (OR 3.25, 1.21-8.74) and left atrial anterior-posterior dimension greater than the median of 40cm (OR 5.86, 2.38-14. 43) were strong predictors of AF detection by MCOT (c-statistic 0.78).
Conclusions:
We observed low rates of AF on 30-day MCOT post-discharge. Left atrial anatomic dimension is predictive of a higher rate of early AF detection after adjusting for age. This TTE feature, coupled with clinical information, may improve patient selection for MCOTs and potentially avoid the need for more expensive implantable loop monitors in those for whom MOCT does not yield an answer.
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Marcus FI, Zareba W, Calkins H, Towbin JA, Basso C, Bluemke DA, Estes NAM, Picard MH, Sanborn D, Thiene G, Wichter T, Cannom D, Wilber DJ, Scheinman M, Duff H, Daubert J, Talajic M, Krahn A, Sweeney M, Garan H, Sakaguchi S, Lerman BB, Kerr C, Kron J, Steinberg JS, Sherrill D, Gear K, Brown M, Severski P, Polonsky S, McNitt S. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation: results from the North American Multidisciplinary Study. Heart Rhythm 2009; 6:984-92. [PMID: 19560088 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior reports on patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) focused on individuals with advanced forms of the disease. Data on the diagnostic performance of various testing modalities in newly identified individuals suspected of having ARVC/D are limited. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the Multidisciplinary Study of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia was to study the clinical characteristics and diagnostic evaluation of a large group of patients newly identified with ARVC/D. METHODS A total of 108 newly diagnosed patients with suspected ARVC/D were prospectively enrolled in the United States and Canada. The patients underwent noninvasive and invasive tests using standardized protocols that initially were interpreted by the enrolling center and adjudicated by blind analysis in six core laboratories. Patients were followed for a mean of 27 +/- 16 months (range 0.2-63 months). RESULTS The clinical profile of these newly diagnosed patients differs from the profile of reported patients with more advanced disease. There was considerable difference in the initial and final classification of the presence of ARVC/D after the diagnostic tests were evaluated by the core laboratories. Final clinical diagnosis was 73 affected, 28 borderline, and 7 unaffected. Individual tests agreed with the final diagnosis in 50% to 70% of the 73 patients with a final classification of affected. CONCLUSION The clinical profile of 108 newly diagnosed probands with suspected ARVC/D indicates that a combination of diagnostic tests is needed to evaluate the presence of right ventricular structural, functional, and electrical abnormalities. Echocardiography, right ventricular angiography, signal-averaged ECG, and Holter monitoring provide optimal clinical evaluation of patients suspected of ARVC/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank I Marcus
- Section of Cardiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724-0001, USA.
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Luiten RM, Warnaar SO, Sanborn D, Lamers CH, Bolhuis RL, Litvinov SV, Zurawski VR, Coney LR. Chimeric bispecific OC/TR monoclonal antibody mediates lysis of tumor cells expressing the folate-binding protein (MOv18) and displays decreased immunogenicity in patients. J Immunother 1997; 20:496-504. [PMID: 9409456 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199711000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The bispecific OC/TR monoclonal antibody (mAb) cross-links the CD3 molecule on T cells with the human folate-binding protein (FBP), which is highly expressed on nonmucinous ovarian carcinomas. Clinical trials of patients with ovarian carcinoma with the OC/TR mAb have shown some complete and partial responses. Most patients developed human anti-murine immunoglobulin antibodies (HAMA), which can inhibit OC/TR mAb-mediated lysis. We generated a chimeric version of the OC/TR mAb to decrease the immunogenicity of the OC/TR mAb and to allow more extended treatment schedules. Sp2/0 myeloma cells were transfected with chimeric heavy- and light-chain genes encoding the anti-CD3 mAb and the MOv18 mAb, respectively, which are reactive with FBP. The resulting cell line produced 80 micrograms/ml of total immunoglobulin G (IgG), of which 11.5% was the functionally active chimeric OC/TR mAb. Chimeric OC/TR F(ab')2 fragments mediated lysis of IGROV-1 ovarian carcinoma cells by human T cells at antibody concentrations of > or = 1 pg/ml. Specific lysis was still detectable at an effector-to-target cell ratio as low as 0.4. Two patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with F(ab')2 fragments of the murine OC/TR developed distinct HAMA titers, which were mainly anti-idiotypic and only partly directed against the murine antibody constant regions. However, of the two patients that were treated with the F(ab')2 fragments of the chimeric OC/TR mAb, only one developed a low transient HAMA response just above background level. In conclusion, the generation of chimeric OC/TR may allow more extended clinical studies of bispecific mAb-mediated immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Luiten
- Department of Pathology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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Coney LR, Daniel PT, Sanborn D, Dhein J, Debatin KM, Krammer PH, Zurawski VR. Apoptotic cell death induced by a mouse-human anti-APO-1 chimeric antibody leads to tumor regression. Int J Cancer 1994; 58:562-7. [PMID: 7520027 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910580419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The murine anti-APO-1 antibody (gamma 3, kappa) induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) following binding to the APO-1 antigen (m.w., 48 kDa) expressed, e.g., on activated or malignant lymphocytes. APO-1 expression on malignant cell lines and tissues suggested potential clinical utility supported by anti-APO-1-mediated tumor regression in a nude mouse model. A mouse-human anti-APO-1 chimeric antibody (gamma 3, kappa) with an affinity similar to that of the murine antibody was produced. Chimeric anti-APO-1 showed the same potential to inhibit growth of the SKW6.4 B-lymphoblastoid cell line as murine anti-APO-1. In addition, both the chimeric and murine anti-APO-1 antibodies were equally capable of mediating complete macroscopic tumor regression of a SKW6.4 xenotransplant in SCID mice by induction of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis was the only mechanism for tumor regression because neither murine nor chimeric anti-APO-1 showed anti-tumor activity against solid H53 tumor (APO-1 antigen-positive, anti-APO-1-resistant) xenotransplants. Our results indicate that the chimeric anti-APO-1 antibody effectively induces apoptosis and suggest that chimeric anti-APO-1 should be evaluated for the treatment of malignant cells expressing the APO-1 antigen. However, chimeric anti-APO-I might only be used therapeutically when the antibody can be targeted specifically to tumor cells.
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Coney LR, Mezzanzanica D, Sanborn D, Casalini P, Colnaghi MI, Zurawski VR. Chimeric murine-human antibodies directed against folate binding receptor are efficient mediators of ovarian carcinoma cell killing. Cancer Res 1994; 54:2448-55. [PMID: 7512887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The MOv18 (gamma 1, kappa) and MOv19 (gamma 2a, kappa) murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognize different epitopes on the human folate binding receptor which is overexpressed on 90% of nonmucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. A chimeric murine-human (human gamma 1, kappa) version of both antibodies was constructed and expressed. The genes encoding the murine heavy and light chain variable regions of the MOv18 and MOv19 MAbs were cloned from the parental hybridomas, fused with genes encoding the human heavy (gamma 1) and light (kappa) chain constant regions, respectively, and expressed in the SP2/0 murine myeloma cell line. Using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effector cells and conditions that provide for maximum lysis (effector target = 50:1, saturating antibody concentration), the murine MOv18 MAb (IgG1) mediated variable levels of specific cytolysis of the target ovarian cancer cell line IGROV1. In contrast, the chimeric MOv18 MAb mediated higher and more consistent lysis even at a 10-100-fold lower antibody concentration. The murine MOv19 MAb (IgG2a) mediated specific lysis of IGROV1 cells, and the chimeric version of this antibody mediated an amount of lysis at least equal to that mediated by its murine counterpart. A comparison of the ED50 values obtained for the murine MOv19 and chimeric MOv19 antibodies indicates that the chimeric MOv19 MAb was 3 to 10 times more potent than the murine MOv19 antibody. In addition, the ED50 values obtained for the chimeric MOv18 and chimeric MOv19 MAbs were similar, indicating that these MAbs are equally potent. The level of maximal lysis obtained was dependent on the number of target molecules/cell; the same high level of lysis mediated by cMOv18, MOv19, and cMOv19 was observed with both IGROV1 and OvCA432 target cells. However, only low levels of lysis were obtained when the SW626 cell line, which expresses 1 x 10(4) folate binding protein sites/cell, was used as a target. An equimolar mixture of the chimeric MOv18 and MOv19 MAbs was no more effective in the mediation of lysis than an equivalent amount of either chimeric MAb alone. These data suggest that the folate binding receptor is expressed on IGROV1 cells at a density sufficient to provide for optimal levels of antibody-mediated lysis using a single chimeric antibody directed at the folate binding receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Coney
- Centocor, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
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Nagayoshi T, Sanborn D, Hickok NJ, Olsen DR, Fazio MJ, Chu ML, Knowlton R, Mann K, Deutzmann R, Timpl R. Human nidogen: complete amino acid sequence and structural domains deduced from cDNAs, and evidence for polymorphism of the gene. DNA 1989; 8:581-94. [PMID: 2574658 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1989.8.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nidogen, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is an integral part of all basement membranes. In this study, human nidogen cDNAs were isolated and characterized from human placental and skin fibroblast cDNA libraries by hybridization with a mouse nidogen cDNA probe. Six overlapping clones covering 4.9 kb were characterized. The composite cDNA contained a 3,741-nucleotide open reading frame which coded for a 1,247-amino-acid peptide that included a hydrophobic signal sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence contains seven epidermal growth factor-like cysteine-rich repeats, one possible tyrosine O-sulfation site, and a possible N-glycosylation site. The tripeptide sequence -Arg-Gly-Asp- (RGD), a potential cell attachment site, was also present. Human and mouse nidogen sequences were 84% homologous at the nucleotide level and 85% homologous at the deduced amino acid level. Southern blotting of human leukocyte DNA from 23 individuals indicated that nidogen probably is a single-copy gene and shows multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms when cleaved with Eco RI, Pvu II, Taq I, and Msp I. In particular, digestions with Pvu II revealed polymorphism in four discrete DNA fragments, which could be discriminated by hybridizations with nidogen subclones. One of the polymorphisms revealed an allelic frequency of 0.52/0.48. Thus, human nidogen gene displays RFLPs which provide analytical tools to establish genetic linkage between the nidogen gene and a clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagayoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Olsen D, Nagayoshi T, Fazio M, Peltonen J, Jaakkola S, Sanborn D, Sasaki T, Kuivaniemi H, Chu ML, Deutzmann R. Human laminin: cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding A, B1 and B2 chains, and expression of the corresponding genes in human skin and cultured cells. J Transl Med 1989; 60:772-82. [PMID: 2733383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A human placental lambdagt11 expression cDNA library was probed for laminin cDNAs by a combination of immunoscreening using polyclonal anti-human laminin antibody, and plaque hybridizations using a mouse laminin A chain cDNA. A total of 36 recombinant clones were isolated and characterized. Northern blot hybridizations with poly(A)+RNA, isolated from cultured human skin fibroblasts, revealed hybridization either to (a) a single 10 kb transcript consistent with A chain; (b) a single 5.7 kb transcript consistent with B1 chain; or (c) polymorphic 5.6 and 8.2 kb transcripts consistent with B2 chain of human laminin. Nucleotide sequencing of representative cDNA clones (approximately 2.5 kb in size) confirmed that these three groups of cDNAs encoded C-terminal sequences of laminin A, B1 and B2 chains, respectively. Deduced amino acid sequences for both B1 and B2 chains contained epidermal growth factor-like sequences and alpha-helical heptad repeats, as found previously for mouse laminin. Partial laminin A chain cDNA encoded 680 amino acid residues characterized by several internal repeats. This portion of the peptide accounted for a large part of the globular domain (fragment 3), the whole length of a second (T2) and portions of a third (T1) globular domain. The human A chain also contained an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence, a potential cell-binding site, which is not found in the same segment of mouse laminin. The newly isolated cDNAs were also utilized to analyze expression of laminin mRNAs by cultured human cells and tissues. The results demonstrated that the laminin A, B1, and B2 chain genes were expressed in an uncoordinate manner in both cultured cells and tissues, with a particularly low level of the A chain mRNA being present.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Buklad NE, Sanborn D, Hirshfield IN. Particular influence of leucine peptides on lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid ligase formation in a mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 1973; 116:1477-8. [PMID: 4584819 PMCID: PMC246510 DOI: 10.1128/jb.116.3.1477-1478.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Leucine dipeptides can enhance lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid ligase activity 15- to 20-fold in a mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. Evidence indicates the peptides act per se.
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