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Maguiña‐Conde R, Zuñiga‐Rivas D, Kay KM. An elevational gradient in floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical species Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus in Peru. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10314. [PMID: 37529588 PMCID: PMC10375365 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Different populations of plant species can adapt to their local pollinators and diverge in floral traits accordingly. Floral traits are subject to pollinator-driven natural selection to enhance plant reproductive success. Studies on temperate plant systems have shown pollinator-driven selection results in floral trait variation along elevational gradients, but studies in tropical systems are lacking. We analyzed floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical bee-pollinated taxon Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus across four sites along a steep elevational gradient in Peru. We found variations in floral traits of size, color, and reward, and in the pollinator assemblage along the elevational gradient. We examined our results considering two hypotheses, (1) local adaptation to different bee assemblages, and (2) the early stages of an evolutionary shift to a new pollinator functional group (hummingbirds). We found some evidence consistent with the adaptation of C. guanaiensis var. tarmicus to the local bee fauna along the studied elevational gradient. Corolla width across sites was associated with bee thorax width of the local most frequent pollinator. However, we could not rule out the possibility of the beginning of a bee-to-hummingbird pollination shift in the highest-studied site. Our study is one of the few geographic-scale analyses of floral trait and pollinator assemblage variation in tropical plant species. Our results broaden our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions beyond temperate systems by showing substantial intraspecific divergence in both floral traits and pollinator assemblages across geographic space in a tropical plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Maguiña‐Conde
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dorali Zuñiga‐Rivas
- Laboratorio de EntomologíaUniversidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPeru
| | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
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De Diego FC, Robbiati FO, Gaitán JJ, Fortunato RH. Morphological and distributional patterns of native and invasive Trifolium (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) species in southern South America. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos De Diego
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n°, Hurlingham, 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Cabildo 134, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Omar Robbiati
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, X5000JJC, Prov. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan José Gaitán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina
- Instituto de Suelos, CIRN, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n°, Hurlingham, 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renée Hersilia Fortunato
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Cabildo 134, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET/ANCEFN), Labardén 200, Acassuso, 1641, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Prokop P, Zvaríková M, Ježová Z, Fedor P. Functional significance of flower orientation and green marks on tepals in the snowdrop Galanthus nivalis (Linnaeus, 1753). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807153. [PMID: 32799622 PMCID: PMC7588181 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flower shapes, colors, sizes and fragrances are shaped mostly for pollinator attraction. Flower phenotypes are, however, subjected to conflicting selection directed by both pollinators and non-pollinating agents. We investigated flower attractiveness to a model pollinator in the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) under laboratory conditions. Naïve bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.) showed strong, innate preferences for experimentally altered upward positioned flowers, suggesting that the natural, downward orientation did not evolve to attract pollinators. Experimentally treated green marks on inner tepals decreased pollinator attraction compared with flowers expressing intact marks, suggesting that green marks serve to guide/attract pollinators. Attractiveness of green marks was significantly compromised by flower orientation; green marks were attractive only for untreated downward-oriented flowers, but they did not improve the attractiveness of upward-oriented flowers. Our results suggest that downward flowers in snowdrop evolved under conflicting selection directed by biotic and abiotic factors, and that green marks on inner tepals could evolve later to enhance flower attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Zvaríková
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ježová
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedor
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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García M, Benítez-Vieyra S, Sérsic AN, Pauw A, Cocucci AA, Traveset A, Sazatornil F, Paiaro V. Is variation in flower shape and length among native and non-native populations of Nicotiana glauca a product of pollinator-mediated selection? Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Soteras F, Rubini Pisano MA, Bariles JB, Moré M, Cocucci AA. Phenotypic selection mosaic for flower length influenced by geographically varying hawkmoth pollinator proboscis length and abiotic environment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:985-998. [PMID: 31514238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic context may affect the intensity of interspecific interactions and subsequently drive locally particular phenotypic selection patterns on interacting traits. We evaluated the geographical variation of matching traits of the brush-type flowers of Caesalpinia gilliesii and of the proboscis length of its guild of hawkmoth pollinators, as well as their relationship with environmental variables. We assessed the geographical variation of interacting traits (style and filament vs mean proboscis length of the guild of hawkmoths) across seven populations and estimated phenotypic selection on the plant side. Interacting traits showed similar relationships with environmental variables. Phenotypic selection on the plant side was influenced by proboscis length and by environmental conditions. Mean proboscis length of the guild was shorter than previously recorded for the same study area, thus probably shifting the selective optima of flower length. We observed two presumptive coevolutionary cold spots where one-sided negative directional selection is acting on style length. The lack of selection on the pollinator side should be further confirmed. We provided joint evidence, mostly lacking, about the geographical variation of selective pressures on the plant side associated with both proboscis length and abiotic conditions. We suggest that recent environmental change may be shifting floral length optima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Soteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Malén Aluhé Rubini Pisano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Belén Bariles
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Arístides Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Reproductive ecology of the bird-pollinated Nicotiana glauca across native and introduced ranges with contrasting pollination environments. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jassbi AR, Zare S, Asadollahi M, Schuman MC. Ecological Roles and Biological Activities of Specialized Metabolites from the Genus Nicotiana. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12227-12280. [PMID: 28960061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Species of Nicotiana grow naturally in different parts of the world and have long been used both medicinally and recreationally by human societies. More recently in our history, Nicotiana tabacum has attracted interest as one of the most economically important industrial crops. Nicotiana species are frequently investigated for their bioactive natural products, and the ecological role of their specialized metabolites in responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress factors like pathogens and herbivores. The interest of tobacco companies in genetic information as well as the success of a few wild tobacco species as experimental model organisms have resulted in growing knowledge about the molecular biology and ecology of these plants and functional studies of the plant's natural products. Although a large number of reviews and books on biologically active natural products already exists, mostly from N. tabacum, we focus our attention on the ecological roles and biological activity of natural products, versus products from cured and processed material, in this Review. The studied compounds include alkaloids, aromatic compounds, flavonoids, volatiles, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes alcohols, and sugar esters from trichomes of the plants, and recently characterized acyclic hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs). In this Review (1800s-2017), we describe the above-mentioned classes of natural products, emphasizing their biological activities and functions as they have been determined either in bioassay-guided purification approaches or in bioassays with plants in which the expression of specific biosynthetic genes has been genetically manipulated. Additionally, a review on the history, taxonomy, ecology, and medicinal application of different Nicotiana species growing around the globe presented in this Review may be of interest for pharmacognosists, natural products, and ecological chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena 07745, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) , Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Allelopathic potential of invasive species: Nicotiana glauca Graham on some ecological and physiological aspects of Medicago sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benham PM, Witt CC. The dual role of Andean topography in primary divergence: functional and neutral variation among populations of the hummingbird, Metallura tyrianthina. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:22. [PMID: 26801894 PMCID: PMC4724075 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ridges and valleys of the Andes create physical barriers that limit animal dispersal and cause deterministic local variation in rainfall. This has resulted in physical isolation of animal populations and variation in habitats, each of which has likely contributed to the evolution of high species diversity in the region. However, the relative influences of geographic isolation, ecoclimatic conditions, and their potential interactions remain poorly understood. To address this, we compared patterns of genetic and morphological diversity in Peruvian populations of the hummingbird Metallura tyrianthina. Results Phylogenetic and variation partitioning analyses showed that geographic isolation rather than climatic dissimilarity explained the greatest proportion of genetic variance. In contrast, bill length variation was explained by climatic seasonality, but not by genetic divergence. We found that mutation-scaled migration rate (m) between persistently humid and semi-humid environments was nearly 20 times higher when the habitats were contiguous (m = 39.9) than when separated by a barrier, the Cordillera de Vilcanota (m = 2.1). Moreover, the population experiencing more gene flow exhibited a lesser degree of bill length divergence despite similar differences in climate. Conclusions Geographic isolation is necessary for genetic divergence. Ecological differences, represented here by climate characteristics, are necessary for functional divergence. Gene flow appears to hinder the evolution of functional traits toward local adaptive optima. This suggests that functional diversification requires geographic isolation followed or accompanied by a shift in ecological conditions. Andean topography causes both isolation and climatic variation, underscoring its dual role in biotic diversification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0595-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phred M Benham
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, 167 Castetter Hall MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr. HS104, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Christopher C Witt
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, 167 Castetter Hall MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Fernández JD, Lorite J, Bosch J, Gómez JM. Variation in the reproductive success of a narrow endemic plant: Effects of geographical distribution, abiotic conditions and pollinator community composition. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Zhao ZG, Wang YK. Selection by pollinators on floral traits in generalized Trollius ranunculoides (Ranunculaceae) along altitudinal gradients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118299. [PMID: 25692295 PMCID: PMC4334720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundance and visitation of pollinator assemblages tend to decrease with altitude, leading to an increase in pollen limitation. Thus increased competition for pollinators may generate stronger selection on attractive traits of flowers at high elevations and cause floral adaptive evolution. Few studies have related geographically variable selection from pollinators and intraspecific floral differentiation. We investigated the variation of Trollius ranunculoides flowers and its pollinators along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and measured phenotypic selection by pollinators on floral traits across populations. The results showed significant decline of visitation rate of bees along altitudinal gradients, while flies was unchanged. When fitness is estimated by the visitation rate rather than the seed number per plant, phenotypic selection on the sepal length and width shows a significant correlation between the selection strength and the altitude, with stronger selection at higher altitudes. However, significant decreases in the sepal length and width of T. ranunculoides along the altitudinal gradient did not correspond to stronger selection of pollinators. In contrast to the pollinator visitation, mean annual precipitation negatively affected the sepal length and width, and contributed more to geographical variation in measured floral traits than the visitation rate of pollinators. Therefore, the sepal size may have been influenced by conflicting selection pressures from biotic and abiotic selective agents. This study supports the hypothesis that lower pollinator availability at high altitude can intensify selection on flower attractive traits, but abiotic selection is preventing a response to selection from pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi-Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
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Armbruster WS. Floral specialization and angiosperm diversity: phenotypic divergence, fitness trade-offs and realized pollination accuracy. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu003. [PMID: 24790124 PMCID: PMC4038416 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproduction by means of flowers has long been thought to promote the success and diversification of angiosperms. It remains unclear, however, how this success has come about. Do flowers, and their capacity to have specialized functions, increase speciation rates or decrease extinction rates? Is floral specialization fundamental or incidental to the diversification? Some studies suggest that the conclusions we draw about the role of flowers in the diversification and increased phenotypic disparity (phenotypic diversity) of angiosperms depends on the system. For orchids, for example, specialized pollination may have increased speciation rates, in part because in most orchids pollen is packed in discrete units so that pollination is precise enough to contribute to reproductive isolation. In most plants, however, granular pollen results in low realized pollination precision, and thus key innovations involving flowers more likely reflect reduced extinction rates combined with opportunities for evolution of greater phenotypic disparity (phenotypic diversity) and occupation of new niches. Understanding the causes and consequences of the evolution of specialized flowers requires knowledge of both the selective regimes and the potential fitness trade-offs in using more than one pollinator functional group. The study of floral function and flowering-plant diversification remains a vibrant evolutionary field. Application of new methods, from measuring natural selection to estimating speciation rates, holds much promise for improving our understanding of the relationship between floral specialization and evolutionary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Scott Armbruster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
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