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Oliveira P, Gomes V, Riaño G, Rato C. Ontogenic differences and sexual dimorphism of the locomotor performance in a nocturnal gecko, Tarentola mauritanica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:28-36. [PMID: 35871279 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion performance in reptiles is deeply associated with habitat use, escape from predators, prey capture, and territory defense. As ectotherms, this trait in lizards is extremely sensitive to body temperature (BT). However, most studies rarely look at locomotion patterns in an ontogenic perspective. The Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica, was used to investigate the possible effects of distinct BTs on the locomotor performance within juveniles and adults. Not surprisingly, adult individuals significantly outperform the juveniles in speed at every BT. Moreover, except in the 30-day-old juveniles, there is a general trend for an increase of speed with BT. The comparison of these speed values with the ones obtained for diurnal lizard species, corroborates the premise that because nocturnal species are subject to low thermal heterogeneity, little selection for behavioral thermoregulation, but strong selection for high performance at relatively cool temperatures are expected. Furthermore, the higher locomotor performance in adults at 29°C, roughly coincides with previously obtained preferred BTs. However, further studies need to be conducted to build the full performance curve, and to validate the existence of coadaption between behavioral thermoregulation and thermal sensitivity of physiological performance. Finally, this study has found that adult males run significantly faster than females at the highest BTs, highlighting the importance in understanding sex differences, and its potential to drive sex-specific behaviors, ecology, and ultimately fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Oliveira
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vila do Conde, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vila do Conde, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Riaño
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catarina Rato
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vila do Conde, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
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2
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Pinho C, Kaliontzopoulou A, Ferreira CA, Gama J. Identification of morphologically cryptic species with computer vision models: wall lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae: Podarcis) as a case study. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Automated image classification is a thriving field of machine learning, and various successful applications dealing with biological images have recently emerged. In this work, we address the ability of these methods to identify species that are difficult to tell apart by humans due to their morphological similarity. We focus on distinguishing species of wall lizards, namely those belonging to the Podarcis hispanicus species complex, which constitutes a well-known example of cryptic morphological variation. We address two classification experiments: (1) assignment of images of the morphologically relatively distinct P. bocagei and P. lusitanicus; and (2) distinction between the overall more cryptic nine taxa that compose this complex. We used four datasets (two image perspectives and individuals of the two sexes) and three deep-learning models to address each problem. Our results suggest a high ability of the models to identify the correct species, especially when combining predictions from different perspectives and models (accuracy of 95.9% and 97.1% for females and males, respectively, in the two-class case; and of 91.2% to 93.5% for females and males, respectively, in the nine-class case). Overall, these results establish deep-learning models as an important tool for field identification and monitoring of cryptic species complexes, alleviating the burden of expert or genetic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vairão , Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão , Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona , E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia , Spain
| | | | - João Gama
- INESC TEC , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto , Portugal
- FEP - University of Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464 Porto , Portugal
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3
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Şahin MK, Kuyucu AC. Thermal biology of two sympatric Lacertid lizards (Lacerta diplochondrodes and Parvilacerta parva) from Western Anatolia. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103094. [PMID: 34879912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sympatric lizard species present convenient models for studying differentiation in thermal behavior and the role of morphological differences in their thermal biology. Here we studied the thermal biology of two sympatric lizard species which occur sympatrically in the Phrygian Valley of Western Anatolia. These two species differ in body size, with Lacerta diplochondrodes being larger than Parvilacerta parva. The surface body temperatures of the individuals belonging to both species were recorded when active in the field. Additionally, several environmental parameters including solar radiation, substrate temperature, air temperature and wind speed were monitored to investigate the relative effects of these abiotic parameters on the thermal biology of the two species. The surface body temperature and temperature excess (difference between body and substrate temperature) of the two species, while being relatively close to each other, showed seasonal differences. Solar radiation, substrate temperature and air temperature were the main factors influencing their thermal biology. Additionally, although body size did not have a direct effect on body temperature or temperature excess, the interaction between body size and solar radiation on temperature excess was significant. In conclusion, our study partially supports the conservation of body temperature of related lizard species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kürşat Şahin
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Arda Cem Kuyucu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Vaughn PL, Mcqueen W, Gangloff EJ. Moving to the city: testing the implications of morphological shifts on locomotor performance in introduced urban lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding how morphology affects performance in novel environments and how populations shift their morphology in response to environmental selective pressures is necessary to understand how invaders can be successful. We tested these relationships in a global colonizer, the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), translocated to Cincinnati, OH, USA 70 years ago. We investigated how morphology shifts in this population inhabiting a novel environment, how these morphological shifts influence locomotor performance and how performance changes in novel conditions. We compared the morphology of museum specimens and current lizards to see which aspects of morphology have shifted over time. Although overall body size did not change, most body dimensions reduced in size. We measured sprint speed with a full-factorial design of substrate type, incline angle and obstacles. We identified a pattern of negative correlation in sprint performance between conditions with and without obstacles. The locomotor advantage of larger body size was diminished when obstacles were present. Finally, there was no relationship between individual variation in contemporary morphology and sprint performance, providing no support to the hypothesis that these shifts are attributable to selective pressures on locomotor performance in the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wyatt Mcqueen
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, USA
| | - Eric J Gangloff
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, USA
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5
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Caeiro-Dias G, Rocha S, Couto A, Pereira C, Brelsford A, Crochet PA, Pinho C. Nuclear phylogenies and genomics of a contact zone establish the species rank of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 164:107270. [PMID: 34352374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling when divergent lineages constitute distinct species can be challenging, particularly in complex scenarios combining cryptic diversity and phylogenetic discordances between different types of molecular markers. Combining a phylogenetic approach with the study of contact zones can help to overcome such difficulties. The Podarcis hispanicus species complex has proven to be prosperous in independent evolutionary units, sometimes associated with cryptic diversity. Previous studies have revealed that one of the species of this complex, P. guadarramae, comprises two deeply divergent yet morphologically indistinguishable evolutionary units, currently regarded as subspecies (P. g. guadarramae and P. g. lusitanicus). In this study we used molecular data to address the systematics of the two lineages of Podarcis guadarramae and the closely related P. bocagei. Firstly, we reconstructed the species tree of these three and two additional taxa based on 30 nuclear loci using the multispecies coalescent with and without gene flow. Secondly, we used SNPs obtained from RADseq data to analyze the population structure across the distribution limits P. g. lusitanicus and P. g. guadarramae, and for comparison, a contact zone between P. bocagei and P. g. lusitanicus. Nuclear phylogenetic relationships between these three taxa are clearly difficult to determine due to the influence of gene flow, but our results give little support to the monophyly of P. guadarramae, potentially due to a nearly simultaneous divergence between them. Genetic structure and geographic cline analysis revealed that the two lineages of P. guadarramae replace each other abruptly across the sampled region and that gene flow is geographically restricted, implying the existence of strong reproductive isolation. Podarcis bocagei and P. g. lusitanicus show a similar degree of genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation, with very low levels of admixture in syntopy. These results support that all three forms are equally differentiated and reproductively isolated. In consequence, we conclude that the two former subspecies of Podarcis guadarramae constitute valid, yet cryptic species, that should be referred to as P. lusitanicus and P. guadarramae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Caeiro-Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBio, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Sara Rocha
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, España
| | - Alvarina Couto
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBio, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBio, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Biology Department, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Catarina Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBio, Vairão, Portugal
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6
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Caeiro-Dias G, Brelsford A, Kaliontzopoulou A, Meneses-Ribeiro M, Crochet PA, Pinho C. Variable levels of introgression between the endangered Podarcis carbonelli and highly divergent congeneric species. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:463-476. [PMID: 33199832 PMCID: PMC8027454 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent empirical studies have demonstrated that speciation with gene flow is more common than previously thought. From a conservation perspective, the potential negative effects of hybridization raise concerns on the genetic integrity of endangered species. However, introgressive hybridization has also been growingly recognized as a source of diversity and new advantageous alleles. Carbonell's wall lizard (Podarcis carbonelli) is an endangered species whose distribution overlaps with four other congeneric species. Our goal here was to determine whether P. carbonelli is completely reproductively isolated from its congeners and to evaluate the relevance of hybridization and interspecific gene flow for developing a conservation plan. We used restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to discover SNPs in samples from four contact zones between P. carbonelli and four other species. Principal component analysis, multilocus genotype assignment and interspecific heterozygosity suggest incomplete reproductive isolation and ongoing gene flow between species. However, hybridization dynamics vary across all pairs, suggesting complex interactions between multiple intrinsic and extrinsic barriers. Despite seemingly ubiquitous interspecific gene flow, we found evidence of strong reproductive isolation across most contact zones. Instead, indirect effects of hybridization like waste of reproductive effort in small isolated populations may be more problematic. Our results highlight the need to further evaluate the consequences of introgression for P. carbonelli, both on a geographic and genomic level and included in a comprehensive and urgently needed conservation plan. Besides, those findings will add important insights on the potential effects of hybridization and introgression for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Caeiro-Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biology Department, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mariana Meneses-Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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7
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Evaluating the island effect on phenotypic evolution in the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Islands are compelling natural laboratories for studying evolutionary processes. Nevertheless, the existence of general rules underlying morphological evolution on islands remains an unresolved issue. In this study, we investigated the insular phenotypic variability of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) on a large geographical scale, in order to assess the putative existence of an island effect on three morphological head traits: shape, size and degree of sexual dimorphism. A geometric morphometric analysis was performed on 30 island and 24 mainland populations, involving a total of 992 specimens, and we analysed differences in both mean trait values and variances (disparity). We found increased shape disparity in insular lizards with respect to mainland ones. On the other hand, both size disparity and mean head dimensions of males decreased on islands, leading to a reduction in sexual dimorphism. Our results provide evidence for a multidirectional morphological diversification on islands concerning head shape of both sexes, while directional and canalizing selection likely occurred for head size, but only in males. Our findings improve our knowledge on the effect of insularity in Podarcis siculus, and highlight the need for an exstensive sampling scheme and a multi-trait methodological approach.
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8
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Local Segregation of Realised Niches in Lizards. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9120764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Species can occupy different realised niches when sharing the space with other congeneric species or when living in allopatry. Ecological niche models are powerful tools to analyse species niches and their changes over time and space. Analysing how species’ realised niches shift is paramount in ecology. Here, we examine the ecological realised niche of three species of wall lizards in six study areas: three areas where each species occurs alone; and three areas where they occur together in pairs. We compared the species’ realised niches and how they vary depending on species’ coexistence, by quantifying niche overlap between pairs of species or populations with the R package ecospat. For this, we considered three environmental variables (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) recorded at each lizard re-sighting location. Realised niches were very similar when comparing syntopic species occurring in the same study area. However, realised niches differed when comparing conspecific populations across areas. In each of the three areas of syntopy, the less abundant species shift its realised niche. Our study demonstrates that sympatry may shift species’ realised niche.
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Rodríguez-Ruiz G, López P, Martín J. Dietary vitamin D in female rock lizards induces condition-transfer effects in their offspring. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
One way that maternal effects may benefit the offspring is by informing them about the characteristics of the environment. Through gestation, environmentally induced maternal effects might promote in the offspring-specific behavioral responses like dispersal or residence according to their new habitat characteristics. Females of the Carpetan rock lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni) seem to choose their home ranges using the smell of provitamin D3 in scent marks produced by males. Here, we supplemented gravid females of I. cyreni with dietary provitamin D3 or vitamin D3 to examine whether these food resources, also associated with the scent of males, affect the motivation to disperse and the locomotor performance of their offspring. Our results suggest that the supplementary availability of the resource (vitamin D3) to mothers may provoke condition-transfer maternal effects that motivate the residence or the dispersal of the offspring in their postnatal habitat. Thus, hatchlings of supplemented females had a lower dispersal trend in spite of having a greater climbing ability than hatchlings from nonsupplemented females. This suggests that the levels of provitamin D3 and vitamin D3 inside the body of the mother could act as an informative compound of the habitat quality for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martín
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Horváth G, Rodríguez‐Ruiz G, Martín J, López P, Herczeg G. Maternal diet affects juvenile Carpetan rock lizard performance and personality. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14476-14488. [PMID: 31938534 PMCID: PMC6953655 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in both stable and labile state variables are known to affect the emergence and maintenance of consistent interindividual behavioral variation (animal personality or behavioral syndrome), especially when experienced early in life. Variation in environmental conditions experienced by gestating mothers (viz. nongenetic maternal effects) is known to have significant impact on offspring condition and behavior; yet, their effect on behavioral consistency is not clear. Here, by applying an orthogonal experimental design, we aimed to study whether increased vitamin D3 content in maternal diet during gestation (vitamin-supplemented vs. vitamin control treatments) combined with corticosterone treatment (corticosterone-treated vs. corticosterone control treatments) applied on freshly hatched juveniles had an effect on individual state and behavioral consistency of juvenile Carpetan rock lizards (Iberolacerta cyreni). We tested the effect of our treatments on (a) climbing speed and the following levels of behavioral variation, (b) strength of animal personality (behavioral repeatability), (c) behavioral type (individual mean behavior), and (d) behavioral predictability (within-individual behavioral variation unrelated to environmental change). We found higher locomotor performance of juveniles from the vitamin-supplemented group (42.4% increase), irrespective of corticosterone treatment. While activity personality was present in all treatments, shelter use personality was present only in the vitamin-supplemented × corticosterone-treated treatment and risk-taking personality was present in corticosterone control treatments. Contrary to our expectations, behavioral type was not affected by our treatments, indicating that individual quality can affect behavioral strategies without affecting group-level mean behavior. Behavioral predictability decreased in individuals with low climbing speed, which could be interpreted as a form of antipredator strategy. Our results clearly demonstrate that maternal diet and corticosterone treatment have the potential to induce or hamper between-individual variation in different components of boldness, often in interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Horváth
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - José Martín
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
| | - Pilar López
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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Kim DI, Park IK, Ota H, Fong JJ, Kim JS, Zhang YP, Li SR, Choi WJ, Park D. Patterns of morphological variation in the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across populations in China, Japan, and Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41610-019-0132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Studies of morphological variation within and among populations provide an opportunity to understand local adaptation and potential patterns of gene flow. To study the evolutionary divergence patterns of Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across its distribution, we analyzed data for 15 morphological characters of 324 individuals across 11 populations (2 in China, 4 in Japan, and 5 in Korea).
Results
Among-population morphological variation was smaller than within-population variation, which was primarily explained by variation in axilla-groin length, number of infralabials, number of scansors on toe IV, and head-related variables such as head height and width. The population discrimination power was 32.4% and in cluster analysis, populations from the three countries tended to intermix in two major groups.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that morphological differentiation among the studied populations is scarce, suggesting short history for some populations after their establishment, frequent migration of individuals among the populations, and/or local morphological differentiation in similar urban habitats. Nevertheless, we detected interesting phenetic patterns that may predict consistent linkage of particular populations that are independent of national borders. Additional sampling across the range and inclusion of genetic data could give further clue for the historical relationship among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean populations of G. japonicus.
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12
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Sannolo M, Carretero MA. Dehydration constrains thermoregulation and space use in lizards. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220384. [PMID: 31344149 PMCID: PMC6657907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is negatively affecting many species. The increase in mean air temperature is often associated with shifts in distribution, changes in phenology, and local extinctions. Other factors that only partially correlate with air temperature, like water shortage, may also contribute to the negative consequences of climate change. Although the effect of temperature on lizards' ecophysiology is highly studied, many lizards are also at risks of increased water loss and dehydration, which are predicted to increase under climate change. Here we aimed for the first time to explore if lacertid lizards exposed to dehydration thermoregulate less precisely than hydrated lizards and if dehydrated lizards are less active, change the daily pattern of thermoregulation and balance water balance against thermoregulation. We exposed four lizard species with differences in the thermal preference to thermal gradients with or without a source of water. We measured preferred body temperatures, daily pattern of thermoregulation, and the use of space. Dehydration negatively affected thermoregulation in all investigated species. Dehydrated lizards reduced their preferred body temperature and showed a species-specific pattern of hourly change in thermal preference. Furthermore, they more frequently used the colder parts of the gradients and spent more time hidden. Lizards experiencing dehydration may suffer a reduction in survival and fitness because of poor thermoregulation. Similarly, they may spend more time hidden, waiting for more favourable weather conditions. Such inactivity may carry ecological costs especially in those regions that undergo either short or prolonged periods of droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sannolo
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Angel Carretero
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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13
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Increase of genetic diversity indicates ecological opportunities in recurrent-fire landscapes for wall lizards. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5383. [PMID: 30926838 PMCID: PMC6441018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic and climatic factors are modifying fire regimes with an increase of fire frequency and extension. Unfortunately, the effects of recurrent fires on biological processes that ultimately affect the genetic diversity of animal populations are mostly unknown. We examined genetic patterns of diversity in the wall lizard Podarcis guadarramae in northern Portugal, one of the European regions with the highest percentage of burnt land. This species is a small saxicolous lizard as it inhabits natural outcrops and artificial stone walls, likely in recurrent-fire landscapes. We genotyped nine microsatellites from ten populations selected according to a gradient in fire recurrence, and compared genetic diversity indexes and demographic patterns among them. At the population level, we hypothesize that a high level of mortality and population bottlenecks are expected to reduce genetic heterozygosity in sampled localities affected by recurrent fires. Alternatively, genetic signatures are expected to be absent whether fire did not cause high mortality. Regardless of levels of mortality, we expect a gain in genetic diversity whether recurrent fires facilitate lizard dispersal and migration due to the increased quality of the habitat for wall lizards. At the regional level, we examine whether a recurrent fire regime may disrupt the spatial structure of populations. Our results showed an increase in genetic diversity in recurrently burnt populations, and a decline in longer-unburnt populations. We did not detect bottleneck effects in repeatedly-burnt populations. High genetic diversity in recurrent fire populations suggests a high dispersion rate between adjacent metapopulations and perhaps immigration from outside the fire boundary. At the regional level, lizard populations show low differentiation and weak genetic structure, suggesting no effects of fire. This study confirms field-based censuses showing that recurrent-fire regimes give ecological opportunities to wall lizards that benefit from habitat openness.
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14
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Massetti F, Kaliontzopoulou A, Gomes V, Rato C. Variation in morphology and functional performance across distinct evolutionary lineages of the Moorish gecko (Tarentola mauritanica) from the Iberian Peninsula. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Massetti
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Catarina Rato
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
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15
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Pérez i de Lanuza G, Carretero MA. Partial divergence in microhabitat use suggests environmental-dependent selection on a colour polymorphic lizard. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Sannolo M, Barroso FM, Carretero MA. Physiological differences in preferred temperatures and evaporative water loss rates in two sympatric lacertid species. ZOOLOGY 2018; 126:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Gomes V, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. Run for your life, but bite for your rights? How interactions between natural and sexual selection shape functional morphology across habitats. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:9. [PMID: 29294185 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A central issue in evolutionary biology is how morphology, performance, and habitat use coevolve. If morphological variation is tightly associated with habitat use, then differences in morphology should affect fitness through their effect on performance within specific habitats. In this study, we investigate how evolutionary forces mold morphological traits and performance differently given the surrounding environment, at the intraspecific level. For this purpose, we selected populations of the lizard Podarcis bocagei from two different habitat types, agricultural walls and dunes, which we expected to reflect saxicolous vs ground-dwelling habits. In the laboratory, we recorded morphological traits as well as performance traits by measuring sprint speed, climbing capacity, maneuverability, and bite force. Our results revealed fast-evolving ecomorphological variation among populations of P. bocagei, where a direct association existed between head morphology and bite performance. However, we could not establish links between limb morphology and locomotor performance at the individual level. Lizards from walls were better climbers than those from dunes, suggesting a very fast evolutionary response. Interestingly, a significant interaction between habitat and sex was detected in climbing performance. In addition, lizards from dunes bit harder than those from walls, although sexual differentiation was definitely the main factor driving variation in head functional morphology. Taking into account all the results, we found a complex interaction between natural and sexual selection on whole-organism performance, which are, in some cases, reflected in morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal. .,Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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18
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Simone Y, van Der Meijden A. Fast and fine versus strong and stout: a trade-off between chela closing force and speed across nine scorpion species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Grismer LL, Wood PL, Quah ESH, Anuar S, Ngadi EB, Izam NAM, Ahmad N. Systematics, ecomorphology, cryptic speciation and biogeography of the lizard genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos & Brown (Squamata: Scincidae) from the sky-island archipelago of Peninsular Malaysia. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Perry L Wood
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Evan S H Quah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
- Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ehwan B Ngadi
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Mohd Izam
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ahmad
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Environment and Development, (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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20
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Orr TJ, Garland T. Complex Reproductive Traits and Whole-Organism Performance. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:407-422. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Instantaneous Versus Interval Speed Estimates of Maximum Locomotor Capacities for Whole-Organism Performance Studies. Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Pelegrin N, Mesquita DO, Albinati P, Caldas FLS, de Queiroga Cavalcanti LB, Costa TB, Falico DA, Galdino JYA, Tucker DB, Garda AA. Extreme specialization to rocky habitats inTropiduruslizards from Brazil: Trade-offs between a fitted ecomorph and autoecology in a harsh environment. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Pelegrin
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de la Herpetofauna; Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA); CONICET-UNC and Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 X5000AVP Córdoba Argentina
| | - Daniel Oliveira Mesquita
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Pâmela Albinati
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Francis Luiz Santos Caldas
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Lucas Barbosa de Queiroga Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Tais Borges Costa
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Diego Alejandro Falico
- Centre for Proteome Analysis & Mass Spectrometry (CeProMa); University of Antwerp; Antwerpen Belgium
| | - Jéssica Yara A. Galdino
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Derek B. Tucker
- Department of Biology; University of West Florida; Pensacola Florida USA
| | - Adrian Antonio Garda
- Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis-LAR; Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia; Centro de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
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23
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Ferreira CC, Santos X, Carretero MA. Does ecophysiology mediate reptile responses to fire regimes? Evidence from Iberian lizards. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2107. [PMID: 27330864 PMCID: PMC4906646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Reptiles are sensitive to habitat disturbance induced by wildfires but species frequently show opposing responses. Functional causes of such variability have been scarcely explored. In the northernmost limit of the Mediterranean bioregion, lizard species of Mediterranean affinity (Psammodromus algirus and Podarcis guadarramae) increase in abundance in burnt areas whereas Atlantic species (Lacerta schreiberi and Podarcis bocagei) decrease. Timon lepidus, the largest Mediterranean lizard in the region, shows mixed responses depending on the locality and fire history. We tested whether such interspecific differences are of a functional nature, namely, if ecophysiological traits may determine lizard response to fire. Based on the variation in habitat structure between burnt and unburnt sites, we hypothesise that Mediterranean species, which increase density in open habitats promoted by frequent fire regimes, should be more thermophile and suffer lower water losses than Atlantic species. Methods. We submitted 6–10 adult males of the five species to standard experiments for assessing preferred body temperatures (Tp) and evaporativewater loss rates (EWL), and examined the variation among species and along time by means of repeated-measures AN(C)OVAs. Results. Results only partially supported our initial expectations, since the medium-sized P. algirus clearly attained higher Tp and lower EWL. The two small wall lizards (P. bocagei and P. guadarramae) displayed low Tp and high EWL while the two large green lizards (T. lepidus and L. schreiberi) displayed intermediate values for both parameters. Discussion. The predicted differences according to the biogeographic affinities within each pair were not fully confirmed. We conclude that ecophysiology may help to understand functional reptile responses to fire but other biological traits are also to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Xavier Santos
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto , Vairão , Portugal
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto , Vairão , Portugal
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Chiari Y, Glaberman S, Tarroso P, Caccone A, Claude J. Ecological and evolutionary influences on body size and shape in the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Oecologia 2016; 181:885-94. [PMID: 27041683 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oceanic islands are often inhabited by endemic species that have undergone substantial morphological evolutionary change due to processes of multiple colonizations from various source populations, dispersal, and local adaptation. Galápagos marine iguanas are an example of an island endemic exhibiting high morphological diversity, including substantial body size variation among populations and sexes, but the causes and magnitude of this variation are not well understood. We obtained morphological measurements from marine iguanas throughout their distribution range. These data were combined with genetic and local environmental data from each population to investigate the effects of evolutionary history and environmental conditions on body size and shape variation and sexual dimorphism. Our results indicate that body size and shape are highly variable among populations. Sea surface temperature and island perimeter, but not evolutionary history as depicted by phylogeographic patterns in this species, explain variation in body size among populations. Conversely, evolutionary history, but not environmental parameters or island size, was found to influence variation in body shape among populations. Finally, in all populations except one, we found strong sexual dimorphism in body size and shape in which males are larger, with higher heads than females, while females have longer heads than males. Differences among populations suggest that plasticity and/or genetic adaptation may shape body size and shape variation in marine iguanas. This study will help target future investigations to address the contribution of plasticity versus genetic adaptation on size and shape variation in marine iguanas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, 5871 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
| | - Scott Glaberman
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, 5871 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Pedro Tarroso
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Julien Claude
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, CNRS/IRD/UM/EPHE, Université de Montpellier II, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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