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Synthesis, molecular docking and dynamics study of novel epoxide derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxanes as antimalarial agents. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Karnatak M, Hassam M, Singh AS, Yadav DK, Singh C, Puri SK, Verma VP. Novel hydrazone derivatives of N-amino-11-azaartemisinin with high order of antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice via intramuscular route. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 58:128522. [PMID: 34974111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel hydrazone derivatives 10a-m were prepared from N-Amino-11-azaartemisinin (9) and screened for their antimalarial activity by oral and intramuscular (i.m.) routes against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss mice model. Several of the hydrazone derivatives showed higher order of antimalarial activity. Compounds 10b, 10g, 10m provided 100% protection to the infected mice at the dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route. Fluorenone based hydrazone 10m the most active compound of the series, provided 100% protection at the dose of 6 mg/kg × 4 days via intramuscular route and also provided 100% protection at the dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route. While artemisinin gave 100% protection at 48 mg/kg × 4 days and only 60% protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days via intramuscular (i.m.) route. Compound 10m found to be four-fold more active than artemisinin via intramuscular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022 Rajasthan, India.
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Hassam M, Singh AS, Yadav DK, Singh C, Puri SK, Verma VP. Reduction of the Double Bond of 6-Arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes Leads to a Remarkable Increase in Their Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss Mice Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30790-30799. [PMID: 34805707 PMCID: PMC8600630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel 6-arylethyl-1,2,4-trioxanes6a-i and 7a-i are easily accessible in one step from the diimide reduction of 6-arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes 5a-i. All of these new trioxanes were assessed for their oral antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss mice model. Most of the saturated trioxanes 6c, 6f, 6g, 6h, and 6i, the active compounds of the series, provided 100% protection to the malaria-infected mice at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days. Further, trioxane 6i, the most active compound of the series, also showed 100% protection even at a dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days and 20% protection at a dose of 6 mg/kg × 4 days. In this model, β-arteether provided 100% protection at a dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days and only 20% protection at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days via the oral route, which was found to exhibit 4-fold antimalarial activity compared with the currently used drug β-arteether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Parasitology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
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Vil’ VA, Terent’ev AO, Mulina OM. Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Peroxides for the Treatment of Helminth and Protozoan Pathogens: Synthesis and Properties. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1201-1225. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190620143848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The significant spread of helminth and protozoan infections, the uncontrolled intake of the
known drugs by a large population, the emergence of resistant forms of pathogens have prompted people
to search for alternative drugs. In this review, we have focused attention on structures and synthesis of
peroxides active against parasites causing neglected tropical diseases and toxoplasmosis. To date, promising
active natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic peroxides compounds have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A. Vil’
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent’ev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga M. Mulina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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5
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Synthesis of novel ring-contracted artemisinin dimers with potent anticancer activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:829-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vil' VA, Yaremenko IA, Ilovaisky AI, Terent'ev AO. Peroxides with Anthelmintic, Antiprotozoal, Fungicidal and Antiviral Bioactivity: Properties, Synthesis and Reactions. Molecules 2017; 22:E1881. [PMID: 29099089 PMCID: PMC6150334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of organic peroxides is usually associated with the antimalarial properties of artemisinin and its derivatives. However, the analysis of published data indicates that organic peroxides exhibit a variety of biological activity, which is still being given insufficient attention. In the present review, we deal with natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic peroxides exhibiting anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, fungicidal, antiviral and other activities that have not been described in detail earlier. The review is mainly concerned with the development of methods for the synthesis of biologically active natural peroxides, as well as its isolation from natural sources and the modification of natural peroxides. In addition, much attention is paid to the substantially cheaper biologically active synthetic peroxides. The present review summarizes 217 publications mainly from 2000 onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey I Ilovaisky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia.
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Ramazani A, Keramati M, Malvandi H, Danafar H, Kheiri Manjili H. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of anti-plasmodial properties of artemisinin-loaded PCL–PEG–PCL nanoparticles. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:911-920. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1372781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramazani
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Keramati
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hojat Malvandi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kheiri Manjili
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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A simplified and scalable synthesis of artesunate. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 148:63-68. [PMID: 28127092 PMCID: PMC5225229 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract An efficient and economically viable approach for the large-scale conversion of artemisinin into the antimalarial frontline drug artesunate was developed. This advanced synthesis includes an NaBH4-induced reduction, followed by an esterification with succinic anhydride under basic conditions. The entire conversion follows the principles of green chemistry, i.e., application of reusable solvents. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Rudrapal M, Chetia D. Endoperoxide antimalarials: development, structural diversity and pharmacodynamic aspects with reference to 1,2,4-trioxane-based structural scaffold. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3575-3590. [PMID: 27843298 PMCID: PMC5098533 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s118116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria disease continues to be a major health problem worldwide due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In recent days, artemisinin (ART)-based drugs and combination therapies remain the drugs of choice for resistant P. falciparum malaria. However, resistance to ART-based drugs has begun to appear in some parts of the world. Endoperoxide compounds (natural/semisynthetic/synthetic) representing a huge number of antimalarial agents possess a wide structural diversity with a desired antimalarial effectiveness against resistant P. falciparum malaria. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system lacking the lactone ring that constitutes the most important endoperoxide structural scaffold is believed to be the key pharmacophoric moiety and is primarily responsible for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Due to this reason, research into endoperoxide, particularly 1,2,4-trioxane-, 1,2,4-trioxolane- and 1,2,4,5-teraoxane-based scaffolds, has gained significant interest in recent years for developing antimalarial drugs against resistant malaria. In this paper, a comprehensive effort has been made to review the development of endoperoxide antimalarials from traditional antimalarial leads (natural/semisynthetic) and structural diversity of endoperoxide molecules derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-, 1,2,4-trioxolane- and 1,2,4,5-teraoxane-based structural scaffolds, including their chimeric (hybrid) molecules, which are newer and potent antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
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Tariq A, Adnan M, Amber R, Pan K, Mussarat S, Shinwari ZK. Ethnomedicines and anti-parasitic activities of Pakistani medicinal plants against Plasmodia and Leishmania parasites. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27647140 PMCID: PMC5029062 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-016-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis and malaria are the two most common parasitic diseases and responsible for large number of deaths per year particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. Majority of Pakistan population rely on medicinal plants due to their low socio-economic status. The present review was designed to gather utmost fragmented published data on traditionally used medicinal plants against leishmaniasis and malaria in Pakistan and their scientific validation. METHODS Pub Med, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ISI Web of knowledge and Flora of Pakistan were searched for the collection of data on ethnomedicinal plants. Total 89 articles were reviewed for present study which was mostly published in English. We selected only those articles in which complete information was given regarding traditional uses of medicinal plants in Pakistan. RESULTS Total of 56 plants (malaria 33, leishmaniasis 23) was found to be used traditionally against reported parasites. Leaves were the most focused plant part both in traditional use and in in vitro screening against both parasites. Most extensively used plant families against Leishmaniasis and Malaria were Lamiaceae and Asteraceae respectively. Out of 56 documented plants only 15 plants (Plasmodia 4, Leishmania 11) were assessed in vitro against these parasites. Mostly crude and ethanolic plant extracts were checked against Leishmania and Plasmodia respectively and showed good inhibition zone. Four pure compounds like artemisinin, physalins and sitosterol extracted from different plants proved their efficacy against these parasites. CONCLUSIONS Present review provides the efficacy and reliability of ethnomedicinal practices and also invites the attention of chemists, pharmacologist and pharmacist to scientifically validate unexplored plants that could lead toward the development of novel anti-malarial and anti-leishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Rahila Amber
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Gomes C, Boareto AC, Dalsenter PR. Clinical and non-clinical safety of artemisinin derivatives in pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:194-203. [PMID: 27506918 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy is a clinically wasting infectious disease, where drug therapy has to be promptly initiated. Currently, the treatment of this infection depends on the use of artemisinin derivatives. The World Health Organization does not recommend the use of these drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy due to non-clinical findings that have shown embryolethality and teratogenic effects. Nevertheless, until now, this toxicity has not been proved in humans. Artemisinin derivatives mechanisms of embryotoxicity are related to depletion of circulating embryonic primitive erythroblasts. Species differences in this sensitive period for toxicity and the presence of malaria infection, which could reduce drug distribution to the fetus, are significant to the risk assessment of artemisinin derivatives treatment to pregnant women. In this review we aimed to assess the results of non-clinical and clinical studies with artemisinin derivatives, their mechanisms of embryotoxicity and discuss the safety of their use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Boareto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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12
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Sun C, Zhou B. The molecular and cellular action properties of artemisinins: what has yeast told us? MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 3:196-205. [PMID: 28357355 PMCID: PMC5349147 DOI: 10.15698/mic2016.05.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) or Qinghaosu is a natural compound possessing superior anti-malarial activity. Although intensive studies have been done in the medicinal chemistry field to understand the structure-effect relationship, the biological actions of artemisinin are poorly understood and controversial. Due to the current lack of a genetic amiable model to address this question, and an accidental finding made more than a decade ago during our initial exploratory efforts that yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be inhibited by artemisinin, we have since been using the baker's yeast as a model to probe the molecular and cellular properties of artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) in living cells. ARTs were found to possess potent and specific anti-mitochondrial properties and, to a lesser extent, the ability to generate a relatively general oxidative damage. The anti-mitochondrial effects of artemisinin were later confirmed with purified mitochondria from malaria parasites. Inside some cells heme appears to be a primary reducing agent and reduction of ARTs by heme can induce a relatively nonspecific cellular damage. The molecular basis of the anti-mitochondrial properties of ARTs remains not well elucidated yet. We propose that the anti-mitochondrial and heme-mediated ROS-generating properties constitute two cellcidal actions of ARTs. This review summarizes what we have learned from yeast about the basic biological properties of ARTs, as well as some key unanswered questions. We believe yeast could serve as a window through which to peek at some of the biological action secrets of ARTs that might be difficult for us to learn otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Fröhlich T, Çapcı Karagöz A, Reiter C, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-Derived Dimers: Potent Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7360-88. [PMID: 27010926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new efficient therapeutics for the treatment of malaria and cancer is an important endeavor. Over the past 15 years, much attention has been paid to the synthesis of dimeric structures, which combine two units of artemisinin, as lead compounds of interest. A wide variety of atemisinin-derived dimers containing different linkers demonstrate improved properties compared to their parent compounds (e.g., circumventing multidrug resistance), making the dimerization concept highly compelling for development of efficient antimalarial and anticancer drugs. The present Perspective highlights recent developments on different types of artemisinin-derived dimers and their structural and functional features. Particular emphasis is put on the respective in vitro and in vivo studies, exploring the role of the length and nature of linkers on the activities of the dimers, and considering the future prospects of the dimerization concept for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Chaudhary S, Naikade NK, Tiwari MK, Yadav L, Shyamlal BRK, Puri SK. New orally active diphenylmethyl-based ester analogues of dihydroartemisinin: Synthesis and antimalarial assessment against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1536-1541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Yadav L, Tiwari MK, Kumar Shyamlal BR, Mathur M, Swami AK, Puri SK, Naikade NK, Chaudhary S. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of novel bicyclic and tricyclic aza-peroxides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic and tricyclic aza-peroxides were synthesized and assessed for theirin vitroandin vivoantimalarial activities againstPlasmodium falciparum(3D7 strain) andPlasmodium yoelii nigeriensisin Swiss mice by an oral route, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | - Mohit K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg
- Jaipur-302017
- India
| | | | - Manas Mathur
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology
- Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd
- Jaipur-302015
- India
| | - Ajit K. Swami
- Department of Advance Molecular Microbiology
- Seminal Applied Sciences Pvt. Ltd
- Jaipur-302015
- India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Parasitology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Niraj K. Naikade
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Sandoz India Pvt. Ltd
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jawaharlal Nehru Marg
- Jaipur-302017
- India
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Chaudhary S, Sharma V, Jaiswal PK, Gaikwad AN, Sinha SK, Puri SK, Sharon A, Maulik PR, Chaturvedi V. Stable Tricyclic Antitubercular Ozonides Derived from Artemisinin. Org Lett 2015; 17:4948-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Vashundhra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Pradeep K. Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
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17
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Gaur R, Cheema HS, Kumar Y, Singh SP, Yadav DK, Darokar MP, Khan F, Bhakuni RS. In vitro antimalarial activity and molecular modeling studies of novel artemisinin derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by aPlasmodium falciparumparasite that infects a female anopheles mosquito which feeds on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Harveer Singh Cheema
- Molecular Bio-prospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Mahendra Padurang Darokar
- Molecular Bio-prospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Rajendra Singh Bhakuni
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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18
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Joubert JP, Smit FJ, du Plessis L, Smith PJ, N’Da DD. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of aminoacridines and artemisinin–acridine hybrids. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 56:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Singh C, Verma VP, Hassam M, Singh AS, Naikade NK, Puri SK. New Orally Active Amino- and Hydroxy-Functionalized 11-Azaartemisinins and Their Derivatives with High Order of Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss Mice1. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Niraj K. Naikade
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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20
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Yadav N, Sharma C, Awasthi SK. Diversification in the synthesis of antimalarial trioxane and tetraoxane analogs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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21
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Hossain MI, Świtalska M, Peng W, Takashima M, Wang N, Kaiser M, Wietrzyk J, Dan S, Yamori T, Inokuchi T. Design, synthesis, and in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition evaluation and antimalarial testing of trioxanes installed in cyclic 2-enoate substructures. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:294-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Anti-plasmodial activity of some Zulu medicinal plants and of some triterpenes isolated from them. Molecules 2013; 18:12313-23. [PMID: 24108397 PMCID: PMC6269946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimusops caffra E. Mey. ex A.DC and Mimusops obtusifolia Lam (both members of the Sapotaceae family), and Hypoxis colchicifolia Bak (family Hypoxidaceae) are used by traditional healers in Zululand to manage malaria. Anti-plasmodial investigation of the crude extracts and some triterpenes isolated from the plants showed activity against a chloroquine sensitive (CQS) strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10). Among the crude extracts the leaves of M. caffra exhibited the highest activity, with an IC50 of 2.14 μg/mL. The pentacyclic tritepenoid ursolic acid (1), isolated from the leaves of M. caffra was the most active compound (IC50 6.8 μg/mL) as compared to taraxerol (2) and sawamilletin (3) isolated from the stem bark of M. obtusifolia (IC50 > 100). Chemical modification of the ursolic acid (1) to 3β-acetylursolic acid (4) greatly enhanced its anti-plasmodial activity. Compound 4 reduced parasitaemia against Plasmodium berghei by 94.01% in in vivo studies in mice. The cytotoxicity of 3β-acetylursolic acid (IC50) to two human cell lines (HEK293 and HepG2) was 366.00 μg/mL and 566.09 μg/mL, respectively. The results validate the use of these plants in folk medicine.
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23
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Maurya R, Soni A, Anand D, Ravi M, Raju KSR, Taneja I, Naikade NK, Puri SK, Wahajuddin, Kanojiya S, Yadav PP. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 3,3-spiroanellated 5,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-trioxanes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:165-9. [PMID: 24900640 DOI: 10.1021/ml300188t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 3,3-spiroanellated 5-aryl, 6-arylvinyl-substituted 1,2,4-trioxanes 19-34 have been synthesized and appraised for their antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice by oral route at doses ranging from 96 mg/kg × 4 days to 24 mg/kg × 4 days. The most active compound of the series (compound 25) provided 100% protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days, and other 1,2,4-trioxanes 22, 26, 27, and 30 also showed promising activity. In this model, β-arteether provided 100 and 20% protection at 48 mg/kg × 4 days and 24 mg/kg × 4 days, respectively, by oral route. Compound 25 displayed a similar in vitro pharmacokinetic profile to that of reference drug β-arteether. The activity results demonstrated the importance of an aryl moiety at the C-5 position on the 1,2,4-trioxane pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Awakash Soni
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Devireddy Anand
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Makthala Ravi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Kanumuri S. R. Raju
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Niraj K. Naikade
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - S. K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Wahajuddin
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Prem P. Yadav
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, and ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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24
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Nesprias R, Eyler G, Cañizo A. Mono, Di and Trifunctional Cyclic Organic Peroxides: The Effect of Substituents and Ring Size on their Thermolysis in 1,4-dioxan. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition reaction of cyclic organic peroxides was studied in 1,4-dioxan at initial concentrations between ~10–4 and 10–2 mol L–1 and at a temperature interval between 100 and 170°C, according to the thermal stability of each compound. The kinetic behaviour observed in all systems studied follows a pseudo first order kinetic law up to at least ~86 % of peroxide conversion. An important substituent effect is operative on the rate constant values and consequently on the activation parameters of the thermal decomposition reaction. The application of different treatments (compensation affect or a statistical treatment) on the kinetic data shows the existence of two sets of cyclic peroxides with comparable kinetic behaviour. Different peroxide–solvent interaction mechanisms can be considered within each series.
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25
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Singh C, Hassam M, Verma VP, Singh AS, Naikade NK, Puri SK, Maulik PR, Kant R. Bile Acid-Based 1,2,4-Trioxanes: Synthesis and Antimalarial Assessment. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10662-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301323k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ajit Shanker Singh
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Niraj Krishna Naikade
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Prakas R. Maulik
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Parasitology, and §Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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26
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Sharma V, Gupta V, Anthal S, Saxena AK, Ishar MPS. Photochemical formation and decomposition of 8-[β-arylethenyl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-7,9,10-trioxa-tricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodec-11-ene to novel 6-hydroxy-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-4-en-3-one in the presence of oxygen. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Synthesis, antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of 10-aminoethylether derivatives of artemisinin. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4701-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Singh C, Kanchan R, Chaudhary S, Puri SK. Linker-Based Hemisuccinate Derivatives of Artemisinin: Synthesis and Antimalarial Assessment against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Mice. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1117-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2010699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division
of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Rani Kanchan
- Division
of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Division
of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division
of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and ‡Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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29
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Slack RD, Jacobine AM, Posner GH. Antimalarial peroxides: advances in drug discovery and design. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Min-Oo G, Gros P. Genetic analysis in mice identifies cysteamine as a novel partner for artemisinin in the treatment of malaria. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:486-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Single-Step Preparative Extraction of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua by Charcoal Column Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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A golden phoenix arising from the herbal nest — A review and reflection on the study of antimalarial drug Qinghaosu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11458-010-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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33
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Singh C, Hassam M, Naikade NK, Verma VP, Singh AS, Puri SK. Synthesis and Antimalarial Assessment of a New Series of Orally Active Amino-Functionalized Spiro 1,2,4-Trioxanes. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7587-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100678p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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6-(4′-Aryloxy-phenyl)vinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes: A new series of orally active peroxides effective against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4459-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Lombard MC, Fernandes MA, Breytenbach JC, N’Da DD. 1-Bromo-2-(10β-dihydro-artemisin-oxy)ethane. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2182-o2183. [PMID: 21588460 PMCID: PMC3007557 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810029090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C(17)H(27)BrO(5), DEB, is a derivative of artemisinin which is used in malara therapy. The OR-group at C12 is cis to the CH(3)-group at C11 and axially oriented on ring D which has a chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by several weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions, which combine to form a C-H-O bonded network parallel to (001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli C. Lombard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, PO NWU 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaco C. Breytenbach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, PO NWU 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - David D. N’Da
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, PO NWU 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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36
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Gupta AK, Chakroborty S, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Saxena AK. Pharmacophore Modeling of Substituted 1,2,4-Trioxanes for Quantitative Prediction of their Antimalarial Activity. J Chem Inf Model 2010; 50:1510-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ci100180e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Gupta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and Parasitology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - S. Chakroborty
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and Parasitology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and Parasitology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and Parasitology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Anil K. Saxena
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and Parasitology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, India
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38
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Abstract
Despite great international efforts, malaria still inflicts an enormous toll on human lives, especially in Africa. Throughout history, antimalarial medicines have been one of the most powerful tools in malaria control. However, the acquisition and spread of parasite strains that are resistant to multiple antimalarial drugs have become one of the greatest challenges to malaria treatment, and are associated with the increase in morbidity and mortality in many malaria-endemic countries. To deal with this grave situation, artemisinin-based combinatory therapies (ACTs) have been introduced and widely deployed in malarious regions. Artemisinin is a new class of antimalarial compounds discovered by Chinese scientists from the sweet wormwood Artemisia annua. The potential development of resistance to artemisinins by Plasmodium falciparum threatens the usable lifespan of ACTs, and therefore is a subject of close surveillance and extensive research. Studies at the Thai-Cambodian border, a historical epicenter of multidrug resistance, have detected reduced susceptibility to artemisinins as manifested by prolonged parasite-clearance times, raising considerable concerns on resistance development. Despite this significance, there is still controversy on the mode of action of artemisinins. Although a number of potential cellular targets of artemisinins have been proposed, they remain to be verified experimentally. Here, we review the history of artemisinin discovery, discuss the mode of action and potential drug targets, and present strategies to elucidate resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 537 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Tel.: +1 814 863 7663, Fax: +1 814 865 3048,
| | - Xin-zhuan Su
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Tel.: +1 301 402 0876, Fax: +1 301 402 2201,
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39
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Arsenault PR, Wobbe KK, Weathers PJ. Recent advances in artemisinin production through heterologous expression. Curr Med Chem 2009; 15:2886-96. [PMID: 18991643 DOI: 10.2174/092986708786242813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin the sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone extracted from the herb Artemisia annua, remains the basis for the current preferred treatment against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, artemisinin and its derivatives show additional anti-parasite, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties. Widespread use of this valuable secondary metabolite has been hampered by low production in vivo and high cost of chemical synthesis in vitro. Novel production methods are required to accommodate the ever-growing need for this important drug. Past work has focused on increasing production through traditional breeding approaches, with limited success, and on engineering cultured plants for high production in bioreactors. New research is focusing on heterologous expression systems for this unique biochemical pathway. Recently discovered genes, including a cytochrome P450 and its associated reductase, have been shown to catalyze multiple steps in the biochemical pathway leading to artemisinin. This has the potential to make a semi-synthetic approach to production both possible and cost effective. Artemisinin precursor production in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae is about two orders of magnitude higher than from field-grown A. annua. Efforts to increase flux through engineered pathways are on-going in both E. coli and S. cerevisiae through combinations of engineering precursor pathways and downstream optimization of gene expression. This review will compare older approaches to overproduction of this important drug, and then focus on the results from the newer approaches using heterologous expression systems and how they might meet the demands for treating malaria and other diseases.
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Singh C, Verma VP, Naikade NK, Singh AS, Hassam M, Puri SK. Novel Bis- and Tris-1,2,4-trioxanes: Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss Mice. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7581-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801006v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Niraj Krishna Naikade
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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41
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Singh AS, Verma VP, Hassam M, Krishna NN, Puri SK, Singh C. Amino- and Hydroxy-Functionalized 11-Azaartemisinins and Their Derivatives. Org Lett 2008; 10:5461-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Shankar Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Naikade Niraj Krishna
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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Singh C, Pandey S, Kushwaha AK, Puri SK. New functionalized 1,2,4-trioxepanes: Synthesis and antimalarial activity against multi-drug resistant P. yoelii in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5190-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Singh C, Chaudhary S, Puri SK. Orally active esters of dihydroartemisinin: Synthesis and antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1436-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Singh C, Chaudhary S, Kanchan R, Puri SK. Conversion of antimalarial drug artemisinin to a new series of tricyclic 1,2,4-trioxanes1. Org Lett 2007; 9:4327-9. [PMID: 17877363 DOI: 10.1021/ol701887x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient route for the conversion of the antimalarial drug artemisinin to a novel hydroxy-functionalized tricyclic 1,2,4-trioxane 6 is reported. Neither the trioxane 6 nor its derivatives 14-16, all of which lack the hydrolytically unstable acetal-lactone linkage, show antimalarial activity comparable with that of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry and Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India.
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Singh C, Sharma U, Saxena G, Puri SK. Orally active antimalarials: Synthesis and bioevaluation of a new series of steroid-based 1,2,4-trioxanes against multi-drug resistant malaria in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4097-101. [PMID: 17548195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of steroid-based 1,2,4-trioxanes 7a-f, 8a-f and 9b-e have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii in Swiss mice by oral route. The biological activity shows a strong dependence on the size and the nature of the steroidal side chain. Pregnane-based trioxanes 8a-f show better activity profile than trioxanes 7a-f and 9b-e, derived from cholesterol and tigogenine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Schlitzer M. Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:944-86. [PMID: 17530725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, humankind has had to struggle against the persistent onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, malaria is still the most important infectious disease worldwide. Considerable success in gaining control over malaria was achieved in the 1950s and 60s through landscaping measures, vector control with the insecticide DDT, and the widespread administration of chloroquine, the most important antimalarial agent ever. In the late 1960s, the final victory over malaria was believed to be within reach. However, the parasites could not be eradicated because they developed resistance against the most widely used and affordable drugs of that time. Today, cases of malaria infections are on the rise and have reached record numbers. This review gives a short description of the malaria disease, briefly addresses the history of antimalarial drug development, and focuses on drugs currently available for malaria therapy. The present knowledge regarding their mode of action and the mechanisms of resistance are explained, as are the attempts made by numerous research groups to overcome the resistance problem within classes of existing drugs and in some novel classes. Finally, this review covers all classes of antimalarials for which at least one drug candidate is in clinical development. Antimalarial agents that are solely in early development stages will be addressed in a separate review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlitzer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Huang TL, Vanden Eynde JJ, Mayence A, Donkor IO, Khan SI, Tekwani BL. Anti-plasmodial and anti-leishmanial activity of conformationally restricted pentamidine congeners. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:1033-42. [PMID: 16872549 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.8.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A library of 52 pentamidine congeners in which the flexible pentyldioxy linker in pentamidine was replaced with various restricted linkers was tested for in-vitro activity against two Plasmodium falciparum strains and Leishmania donovani. The tested compounds were generally more effective against P. falciparum than L. donovani. The most active compounds against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6, Sierra Leone) and -resistant (W2, Indochina) strains of P. falciparum were bisbenzamidines linked with a 1,4-piperazinediyl or 1, 4-homopiperazinediyl moiety, with IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration, inhibiting parasite growth by 50% in relation to drug-free control) as low as 7 nM based on the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Seven piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines substituted at the amidinium nitrogens with a linear alkyl group of 3-6 carbons (22, 25, 27, 31) or cycloalkyl group of 4, 6 or 7 carbons (26, 32, 34) were more potent (IC50<40 nM) than chloroquine or pentamidine as anti-plasmodial agents. The most active anti-leishmanial agents were 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenebis(methyleneoxy)]bisbenzenecarboximidamide (2, IC50 approximately 0.290 microM) and 1,4-bis[4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl] piperazine (44, IC50 approximately 0.410 microM), which were 10- and 7-fold more potent than pentamidine (IC50 approximately 2.90 microM). Several of the more active anti-plasmodial agents (e.g. 2, 31, 33, 36-38) were also potent anti-leishmanial agents, indicating broad antiprotozoal properties. However, a number of analogues that showed potent anti-plasmodial activity (1, 18, 21, 22, 25-28, 32, 43, 45) were not significantly active against the Leishmania parasite. This indicates differential modes of anti-plasmodial and anti-leishmanial actions for this class of compounds. These compounds provide important structure-activity relationship data for the design of improved chemotherapeutic agents against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien L Huang
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, 70125, USA.
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Abstract
Every year, forty percent of the world population is at risk of contracting malaria. Hopes for the erradication of this disease during the 20th century were dashed by the ability of Plasmodium falciparum, its most deadly causative agent, to develop resistance to available drugs. Efforts to produce an effective vaccine have so far been unsuccessful, enhancing the need to develop novel antimalarial drugs. In this review, we summarize our knowledge concerning existing antimalarials, mechanisms of drug-resistance development, the use of drug combination strategies and the quest for novel anti-plasmodial compounds. We emphasize the potential role of host genes and molecules as novel targets for newly developed drugs. Recent results from our laboratory have shown Hepatocyte Growth Factor/MET signaling to be essential for the establishment of infection in hepatocytes. We discuss the potential use of this pathway in the prophylaxis of malaria infection.
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Singh C, Kanchan R, Srivastava D, Puri SK. 8-(1-Naphthalen-2-yl-vinyl)-6,7,10-trioxaspiro (4.5) decane, a new 1,2,4-trioxane effective against rodent and simian malaria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:584-6. [PMID: 16275088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 8-(1-aryl-vinyl)-6,7,10-trioxaspiro [4.5] decanes 7a-e and 3-(1-aryl-vinyl)-l,2,5-trioxaspiro [5.5] undecanes 8a-e have been prepared and screened against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii in mice. 8-(1-Naphthalen-2-yl-vinyl)-6,7,10-trioxaspiro [4.5] decane 7b, the most active trioxane of the series, has also shown promising activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Chemistry of 1,2,4-trioxanes relevant to their mechanism of action. Part 1: Reaction with Fe(II) salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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