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Alves ACDJ, Feio dos Santos AC, Peres JMV, Nascimento JMDS, Barbosa DRL, Figueiredo JV, Viana GMR, Póvoa MM. Morphological atypia and molecular profile of Plasmodium vivax: Findings from an outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasite 2023; 30:38. [PMID: 37772844 PMCID: PMC10540677 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to perform morphological and molecular analyses of parasites isolated from the blood of malaria-infected individuals during an outbreak in the Microregion of Cametá, State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 260 positive samples were identified by microscopy as Plasmodium vivax; however, in three samples, forms considered unusual for the species were found and defined as morphological atypia of P. vivax. Single P. vivax infection was confirmed by qPCR in all samples. Among 256 genotyped samples, the VK247 genotype alone was identified in 255 samples, and the VK210 genotype was found in only one. The study showed that this malaria outbreak was caused by the etiological agent P. vivax, and for the first time, morphological atypia was described in isolates circulating in Brazil. Likewise, for the first time, the VK247 genotype was detected predominantly in single infections in an area of the State of Pará, which may suggest a greater circulation of the genotype in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caroline de Jesus Alves
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 Belém Pará Brazil
- Laboratory of Malaria Entomology, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Feio dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 Belém Pará Brazil
- Laboratory of Malaria Entomology, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - José Mário Veloso Peres
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Malaria, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - José Maria de Souza Nascimento
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Malaria, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Danielle Regina Lima Barbosa
- Laboratory of Malaria Entomology, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Juliana Vasconcelos Figueiredo
- Multiprofessional Residency Program in Animal Reproduction, Federal Rural University of the Amazon Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501 Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Rachid Viana
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 Belém Pará Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Malaria, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
| | - Marinete Marins Póvoa
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 Belém Pará Brazil
- Laboratory of Malaria Entomology, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute Rodovia BR 316, Km 7 Ananindeua Pará Brazil
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2
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Raissi V, Etemadi S, Getso MI, Mehravaran A, Raiesi O. Structure-genetic diversity and recombinant protein of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of vivax malaria antigen: A potential malaria vaccine candidate. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Torres-Cosme R, Rigg C, Santamaría AM, Vásquez V, Victoria C, Ramirez JL, Calzada JE, Cáceres Carrera L. Natural malaria infection in anophelines vectors and their incrimination in local malaria transmission in Darién, Panama. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250059. [PMID: 33939707 PMCID: PMC8092770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 85% of the malaria cases in Panama occur in poor, rural and indigenous regions like Darien Province. Vector diversity, infection rate and spatial distribution are important entomological parameters of malaria transmission dynamics. Their understanding is crucial for the development of effective disease control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of Anopheles species, their natural infection rate and their geographic distribution to better understand the malaria transmission dynamics in Darién, Panama. Methods Anophelines mosquitoes were captured during the rainy and dry season of 2016. We selected five communities where adult anophelines were collected using CDC light-traps, and through protective human-baited traps. Detection of natural infection and Plasmodium genotype were detected via nested PCR through the amplification of ssrRNA and the circumsporozoite protein gene (csp), respectively. Results A total of 1,063 mosquitoes were collected mosquitoes were collected for the detection of natural infection with Plasmodium spp. Nine Anophelines species were identified, with the predominant species being: An. (Nys.) darlingi (45.0%) and An. (Nys.) albimanus (42.6%). Natural infection in An. (Nys.) albimanus with P. vivax was detected in one mosquito pool from the community Pueblo Tortuga (0.6%), three from Marraganti (1.7%), two from Bajo Chiquito (1.1%) and three pools from Alto Playona 3 (1.7%). For An. (Nys.) darlingi mosquitoes, we detected seven positive pools from the community Bajo Chiquito (4.0%), two pools from Marraganti (1.1%) and two pools from Alto Playona (1.1%). The P. vivax allelic variant VK210 was detected in infected mosquitoes. Conclusion The results from this study provide new information on the transmission dynamics associated with anophelines vectors in the Darién region. This is the first report of natural P. vivax infection in An. (Nys.) darlingi and its incrimination as a potential malaria vector in this region of Panama. Additional studies are necessary to expand our knowledge and determine crucial parameters in malaria transmission in Darién, which in turn will aid the National Malaria Program in attaining an adequate malaria control strategy towards malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Torres-Cosme
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Chystrie Rigg
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Ana María Santamaría
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Vanessa Vásquez
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Carlos Victoria
- Departamento de Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - José Luis Ramirez
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - José E. Calzada
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Lorenzo Cáceres Carrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
- * E-mail: ,
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Abdelwhab OF, Elaagip A, Albsheer MM, Ahmed A, Paganotti GM, Abdel Hamid MM. Molecular and morphological identification of suspected Plasmodium vivax vectors in Central and Eastern Sudan. Malar J 2021; 20:132. [PMID: 33663534 PMCID: PMC7934255 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the global effort to eliminate malaria, it remains the most significant vector-borne disease of humans. Plasmodium falciparum is the dominant malaria parasite in sub-Saharan Africa. However, Plasmodium vivax is becoming widely spread throughout Africa. The overuse of vector control methods has resulted in a remarkable change in the behaviour of mosquito that feeds on human as well as on vector composition. The aim of this study was to identify Anopheles mosquito species in vivax malaria endemic regions and to investigate their role in P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (Pvcsp) allele diversity. Methods Mosquito samples were collected from Central Sudan (Rural Khartoum and Sennar) and Eastern Sudan (New Halfa, Kassala state) using pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) and CDC light traps. Mosquitoes were identified using appropriate morphological identification keys and Anopheles gambiae complex were confirmed to species level using molecular analysis. A subset of blood-fed anopheline mosquitoes were dissected to determine the presence of natural infection of malaria parasites. In addition, the rest of the samples were investigated for the presence of Pvcsp gene using nested-PCR. Results A total of 1037 adult anopheline mosquitoes were collected from New Halfa (N = 467), Rural Khartoum (N = 132), and Sennar (N = 438). Morphological and molecular identification of the collected mosquitoes revealed the presence of Anopheles arabiensis (94.2%), Anopheles funestus (0.5%), and Anopheles pharoensis (5.4%). None of the dissected mosquitoes (N = 108) showed to be infected with malaria parasite. Overall P. vivax infectivity rate was 6.1% (63/1037) by Pvcsp nested PCR. Co-dominance of An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis is reported in Sennar state both being infected with P. vivax. Conclusion This study reported P. vivax infection among wild-caught anopheline mosquitoes in Central and Eastern Sudan. While An. arabiensis is the most abundant vector observed in all study areas, An. funestus was recorded for the first time in New Halfa, Eastern Sudan. The documented Anopheles species are implicated in Pvcsp allele diversity. Large-scale surveys are needed to identify the incriminated vectors of P. vivax malaria and determine their contribution in disease transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Fathelrhman Abdelwhab
- Department of Epidemiology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Arwa Elaagip
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Musab M Albsheer
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Giacomo Maria Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Capobianco MP, Cassiano GC, Storti-Melo LM, Pimenta TS, Rodrigues APD, Arruda JEG, Pinto MR, Baptista ARDS, Pratt-Riccio LR, Bonini-Domingos CR, de Oliveira-Ferreira J, Machado RLD. Polymorphism in the IL-1β promoter is associated with IgG antibody response to circumsporozoite protein repeats of Plasmodium vivax. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:858-865. [PMID: 32766886 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that infection by Plasmodium vivax is a result of host-parasite interactions. In the present study, association with the IL1/IL2 cytokine profiles, anticircumsporozoite protein antibody levels and parasitic loads was evaluated in individuals naturally infected with P. vivax in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Molecular diagnosis of P. vivax and variants was performed using the PCR-RFLP method and IL1B -511C>T, IL2 -330T>G and IL2+114T>G polymorphisms were identified using PCR-RFLP and allele-specific PCR. IL-1β and IL-2 cytokine levels were detected by flow cytometry and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibodies were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Three variants of P. vivax CSP were identified and VK247 was found to be the most frequent. However, the prevalence and magnitude of IgG antibodies were higher for the VK210 variant. Furthermore, the antibody response to the CSP variants was not associated with the presence of the variant in the infection. Significant differences were observed between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -511T>C in the IL1B gene and levels of antibodies to the VK247 and P. vivax-like variants, but there were no associations between SNPs in IL1 and IL2 genes and their plasma products. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with the rs16944 CC genotype in the IL1β gene have higher antibody levels to the CSP of P. vivax of VK247 and P. vivax-like variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Institut, Lisboa University, Portugal
| | | | - Tamirys Simão Pimenta
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunogenetics, Evandro Chagas Institute/Health Ministry, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute/Health Ministry, University Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gomes Arruda
- Center of Microorganisms Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro Pinto
- Center of Microorganisms Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Microorganisms Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Son DH, Thuy-Nhien N, von Seidlein L, Le Phuc-Nhi T, Phu NT, Tuyen NTK, Tran NH, Van Dung N, Van Quan B, Day NPJ, Dondorp AM, White NJ, Thwaites GE, Hien TT. The prevalence, incidence and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infections in forest rangers in Bu Gia Map National Park, Binh Phuoc province, Vietnam: a pilot study. Malar J 2017; 16:444. [PMID: 29110709 PMCID: PMC5674731 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylaxis for high-risk populations, such as forest workers, could be one component for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. A study was conducted to assess the malaria incidence in forest rangers and the feasibility of malaria prophylaxis for rangers sleeping in forest camps. Methods Forest rangers deployed in the Bu Gia Map National Park, Vietnam were invited to participate in the study. Plasmodium infections were cleared using presumptive treatment, irrespective of malaria status, with a 3-day course dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DP) and a 14-day course of primaquine. Before returning to the forest, study participants were randomly allocated to a 3-day course of DP or placebo. Fifteen days after returning from their forest deployment the participants were tested for Plasmodium infections using uPCR. Results Prior to treatment, 30 of 150 study participants (20%) were found to be infected with Plasmodium. Seventeen days (median) after enrolment the rangers were randomized to DP or placebo 2 days before returning to forest camps where they stayed between 2 and 20 days (median 9.5 days). One ranger in the DP-prophylaxis arm and one in the placebo arm were found to be infected with Plasmodium falciparum 15 days (median) after returning from the forest. The evaluable P. falciparum isolates had molecular markers indicating resistance to artemisinins (K13-C580Y) and piperaquine (plasmepsin), but none had multiple copies of pfmdr1 associated with mefloquine resistance. Conclusion Anti-malarial prophylaxis in forest rangers is feasible. The findings of the study highlight the threat of multidrug-resistant malaria. Trial registration NCT02788864 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-017-2091-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hung Son
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy-Nhien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lorenz von Seidlein
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Truong Le Phuc-Nhi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Tuyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huyen Tran
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Dung
- Binh Phuoc Malaria Prevention and Control Center, Dong Xoai, Binh Phuoc, Vietnam
| | - Bui Van Quan
- Binh Phuoc Malaria Prevention and Control Center, Dong Xoai, Binh Phuoc, Vietnam
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Wang X, Tu WC, Huang EJ, Chen YH, Chen JH, Yeh WB. Identification of Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes: Development of Species-Specific Probes for DNA Chip Assay Using Mitochondrial COI and ND2 Genes and Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:396-402. [PMID: 28028142 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, which transmit infectious diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are harmful to human health. Thus, accurate and rapid identification of vectors is a critical step for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. However, phenotypic variations in adults, lack of recognizable features of the immature, and fragility of mosquitoes make identification difficult. Molecular approaches have been widely applied to identify mosquitoes, yet these methods have been focused only on the identification of a few species. This study used sequences of two mitochondrial genes, COI and ND2, and a ribosomal gene, ITS2, to design species-specific probes. Biochips thus developed were able to provide simultaneous identification of nine important medical and veterinary species, including the immature, from genera of Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, and Culex. This chip was also applied to samples collected from the field. Despite its inability to resolve the close affinity species of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus, pertinent biochips are expected to be applied to a mass screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- International Travel Healthcare Center, 131 Dongjie Rd., Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China (; )
- Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan ( ; ; )
| | - Wu-Chun Tu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (; ; )
| | - En-Jiong Huang
- International Travel Healthcare Center, 131 Dongjie Rd., Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China (; )
| | - Yen-Hou Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (; ; )
| | - Jia-Hua Chen
- Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (; ; )
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8
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Gomes MDSM, Vieira JLF, Cassiano GC, Musset L, Legrand E, Nacher M, Couto VSCD, Machado RLD, Couto ÁARD. EVALUATION OF CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF Plasmodium vivax TO ESTIMATE ITS PREVALENCE IN OIAPOQUE , AMAPÁ STATE, BRAZIL, BORDERING FRENCH GUIANA. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:72. [PMID: 27680177 PMCID: PMC5048643 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major health problem for people who live on the border between Brazil
and French Guiana. Here we discuss Plasmodium vivax distribution
pattern in the town of Oiapoque, Amapá State using the
circumsporozoite (CS) gene as a marker. Ninety-one peripheral blood samples from
P. vivax patients have been studied. Of these, 64 individuals
were from the municipality of Oiapoque (Amapá
State, Brazil) and 27 patients from French Guiana (August to December 2011). DNA
extraction was performed, and a fragment of the P. vivax CS gene was
subsequently analyzed using PCR/RFLP. The VK210 genotype was the most common in both
countries (48.36% in Brazil and 14.28% in French Guiana), followed by the P.
vivax-like (1.10% in both Brazil and French Guiana) and VK247 (1.10% only
in Brazil) in single infections. We were able to detect all three CS genotypes
simultaneously in mixed infections. There were no statistically significant
differences either regarding infection site or parasitaemia among individuals with
different genotypes. These results suggest that the same genotypes circulating in
French Guiana are found in the municipality of Oiapoque in Brazil.
These findings suggest that there may be a dispersion of parasitic populations
occurring between the two countries. Most likely, this distribution is associated
with prolonged and/or more complex transmission patterns of these genotypes in
Brazil, bordering French Guiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Amapá. Amapá State, Brazil. E-mail: .,Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, Pará State, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ;
| | | | - Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas. São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. E-mails: ;
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana. E-mails: ;
| | - Eric Legrand
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana. E-mails: ;
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana. E-mail:
| | | | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, Pará State, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; .,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas. São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. E-mails: ; .,Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil. E-mail:
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Ribeiro BDP, Cassiano GC, de Souza RM, Cysne DN, Grisotto MAG, de Azevedo dos Santos APS, Marinho CRF, Machado RLD, Nascimento FRF. Polymorphisms in Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein (CSP) Influence Parasite Burden and Cytokine Balance in a Pre-Amazon Endemic Area from Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004479. [PMID: 26943639 PMCID: PMC4778932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in severe P. vivax malaria remain unclear. Parasite polymorphisms, parasite load and host cytokine profile may influence the course of infection. In this study, we investigated the influence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) polymorphisms on parasite load and cytokine profile in patients with vivax malaria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities: São Luís, Cedral and Buriticupu, Maranhão state, Brazil, areas of high prevalence of P. vivax. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, interferon gamma (IFN-γ and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β were quantified in blood plasma of patients and in supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Furthermore, the levels of cytokines and parasite load were correlated with VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like CSP variants. Patients infected with P. vivax showed increased IL-10 and IL-6 levels, which correlated with the parasite load, however, in multiple comparisons, only IL-10 kept this association. A regulatory cytokine profile prevailed in plasma, while an inflammatory profile prevailed in PBMC culture supernatants and these patterns were related to CSP polymorphisms. VK247 infected patients showed higher parasitaemia and IL-6 concentrations, which were not associated to IL-10 anti-inflammatory effect. By contrast, in VK210 patients, these two cytokines showed a strong positive correlation and the parasite load was lower. Patients with the VK210 variant showed a regulatory cytokine profile in plasma, while those infected with the VK247 variant have a predominantly inflammatory cytokine profile and higher parasite loads, which altogether may result in more complications in infection. In conclusion, we propose that CSP polymorphisms is associated to the increase of non-regulated inflammatory immune responses, which in turn may be associated with the outcome of infection. Recent evidences have associated P. vivax infections with clinical complications, previously only attributed to P. falciparum malaria. The interaction between host and parasite may contribute to severity of the disease, however, the specific contribution of each factor remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that polymorphisms in Plasmodium vivax CSP may interfere in systemic reactions, response to drug treatments, leading to different symptoms as well as humoral responses. In this study, we investigate whether these polymorphisms could influence the parasite load and cytokine profile, which altogether may influence the malaria outcome. In this sense, studies have shown that subjects with high parasitic loads, responding with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines develop a more severe disease. The present data indicate that VK247 variant are associated with significant higher parasite loads and pro-inflammatory cytokine profile compared to VK210 variant. In this regard, this study demonstrates that P. vivax CSP polymorphisms have systemic effects in the host immune response, and the investigation of immunogenicity of parasite proteins may provide evidences for a better understanding of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Paulo Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós- graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Multidisciplinar, Campus Floresta (Universidade Federal do Acre), Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Dalila Nunes Cysne
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica em Malária (Instituto Evandro Chagas / Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde / Ministério da Saúde—IEC/SVS/MS), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Eamkum P, Sungvornyothin S, Kritpetcharat O, Daduang J, Lek-Uthai U, Charerntanyarak L, Kritpetcharat P. A single-round multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Anopheles minimus related species infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:442-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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