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Rodrigues LF, de Sousa AA, Mendes Júnior WP, Cardoso e Silva AC, do Nascimento MHS, Barros MC, Sampaio I, Fraga EDC. Genetic Differentiation of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Areas with High Rates of Infestation in Mid-North Region of Brazil. INSECTS 2023; 14:530. [PMID: 37367345 PMCID: PMC10299528 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of the arboviruses-yellow fever, dengue virus, chikungunya, and zika virus. Given the epidemiological importance of this mosquito, its capacity to adapt to different habitats, and its resistance to many types of control measures, systematic research into the genetic variability of the populations of this mosquito is one of the most important steps toward a better understanding of its population structure and vector competence. In this context, the present study verified the presence of distinct genetic lineages of Ae. aegypti in areas with high infestation rates, based on the analysis of microsatellite markers. The samples were collected in nine municipalities with high building infestation rates in the Mid-North region of Brazil. Six microsatellite loci were genotyped in the 138 samples, producing a total of 32 alleles, varying from one to nine alleles per locus in each of the different populations. The AMOVA revealed greater within-population genetic differentiation with high fixation rates. The general analysis of population structure, based on a Bayesian approach, revealed K = 2, with two Ae. aegypti lineages that were highly differentiated genetically. These data on the connectivity of the populations and the genetic isolation of the lineages provide important insights for the development of innovative strategies for the control of the populations of this important disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzianny Farias Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | - Andrelina Alves de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.A.d.S.)
| | - Walter Pinheiro Mendes Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | - Amanda Caroline Cardoso e Silva
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | | | - Maria Claudene Barros
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.A.d.S.)
| | - Elmary da Costa Fraga
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
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Edillo F, Ymbong RR, Cabahug MM, Labiros D, Suycano MW, Lambrechts L, Sakuntabhai A. Yearly variations of the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Philippines (2017-2019). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105296. [PMID: 35526823 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the fastest emerging arboviral disease in the world, imposing a substantial health and economic burden in the tropics and subtropics. The mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the primary vector of dengue in the Philippines. We examined the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations collected from the Philippine major islands (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao), each with highland (Baguio city, Cebu city mountains and Maramag, Bukidnon, respectively) and lowland sites (Quezon city; Liloan, Cebu and Cagayan de Oro [CDO] city, respectively) during the wet (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) and dry seasons (2018 and 2019). Mosquitoes (n = 1800) were reared from field-collected eggs and immatures, and were analyzed using 12 microsatellite loci. Generalized linear model analyses revealed yearly variations between highlands and lowlands in the major islands as supported by Bayesian clustering analyses on: 1) stronger selection (inbreeding coefficient, FIS = 0.52) in 2017-2018 than in 2018-2019 (FIS = 0.32) as influenced by rainfall, 2) the number of non-neutral loci indicating selection, and 3) differences of effective population size although at p = 0.05. Across sites except Baguio and CDO cities: 1) FIS varied seasonally as influenced by relative humidity (RH), and 2) the number of non-neutral loci varied as influenced by RH and rainfall indicating selection. Human-mediated activities and not isolation by distance influenced genetic differentiations of mosquito populations within (FST = 0.04) the major islands and across sites (global FST = 0.16). Gene flow (Nm) and potential first generation migrants among populations were observed between lowlands and highlands within and across major islands. Our results suggest that dengue control strategies in the epidemic wet season are to be changed into whole year-round approach, and water pipelines are to be installed in rural mountains to prevent the potential breeding sites of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Edillo
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines.
| | - Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines.
| | - Maureen Mathilde Cabahug
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines
| | - Dinesse Labiros
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines
| | - Mark Windy Suycano
- Mosquito Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban campus, Cebu city 6000, Philippines
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.
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City puzzles: Does urban land scape affect genetic population structure in Aedes aegypti? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010549. [PMID: 35793338 PMCID: PMC9292108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities usually offer a suitable environment for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, providing oviposition sites, accessibility to human hosts and nectar meals. However, large urban centres are highly heterogeneous environments, forming a patched landscape that could affect Ae. aegypti population dynamics and dispersal. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis using Rad-seq data from 99 Ae. aegypti specimens collected in three areas within Buenos Aires city with varying levels of urbanization/land use: highly urbanized Area 1, intermediate Area 2 and poorly urbanized Area 3. We found an inverse association between urbanization levels and spatial genetic structure. Populations from highly urbanized Area 1 did not present genetic structure whereas two and three clusters were detected in Areas 2 and 3, respectively. In the case of Area 3, initial analyses showed separation in clusters was mostly due to elevated consanguinity within sites although three clusters were still detected after closely related individuals were discarded. Mosquitoes around each site displayed a high degree of isolation, evidencing a close dependence between the vector and human dwellings. Interestingly, specimens from distant boroughs (within the limits of the city) and the city’s outskirts formed a single cluster with inner city sites (Area 1), highlighting the role of passive transport in shaping population structure. Genetic distances were poorly correlated with geographic distances in Buenos Aires, suggesting a stronger influence of passive than active dispersal on population structure. Only Area 2 displayed a significant isolation-by-distance pattern (p = 0.046), with males dispersing more than females (p = 0.004 and p = 0.016, respectively). Kinship analyses allowed us to detect full-siblings located 1.5 km apart in Area 1, which could be due to an extreme event of active female dispersal. Effective population size was higher in Area 2 confirming that cemeteries represent highly favourable environments for Ae. aegypti and need to be specifically targeted. Our results suggest that control programs should take into account urban landscape heterogeneity in order to improve vector control. Arboviral vector Aedes aegypti usually thrives in urban areas due to its close dependence of human dwellings on breeding sites and meals. However, urban landscapes are heterogeneous and present varying levels of urbanization and land use, affecting Ae. aegypti spatial structure and dispersal. We used nuclear Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to analyze 99 Ae. aegypti specimens from three areas within the city of Buenos Aires: highly urbanized Area 1, intermediate urbanized Area 2 and poorly urbanized Area 3. We found an inverse association between urbanization levels and spatial genetic structure: mosquitoes from Area 1 did not present genetic structure. On the other hand, mosquitoes from Area 2 and 3 displayed 2 and 3 clusters, respectively. Human-mediated transport plays an important role in highly urbanized areas, connecting mosquito populations from distant locations. Potential active dispersal was detected in Area 1 where we found pairs of full-siblings located 1500m apart. In less urbanized areas, the distribution of breeding sites also affected spatial genetic structure. In Area 3, spatial structure was mostly due to consanguinity, but it also reflected the effect of urban landscape on Ae. aegypti population dynamics. Area 2 presented the highest effective population size. This could be partially explained by the advantageous conditions that cemeteries offer to vector populations which can also spill over surrounding neighbourhoods. Our results suggest that vector programs should consider the heterogeneity of urban landscapes to improve the effectiveness of control measures.
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Wei Y, Wang J, Song Z, He Y, Zheng Z, Fan P, Yang D, Zhou G, Zhong D, Zheng X. Patterns of spatial genetic structures in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in China. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:552. [PMID: 31752961 PMCID: PMC6873696 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world and the vector for several arboviruses including dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. Understanding the population spatial genetic structure, migration, and gene flow of vector species is critical to effectively preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases. Little is known about the population structure and genetic differentiation of native Ae. albopictus in China. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns of the spatial genetic structures of native Ae. albopictus populations, and their relationship to dengue incidence, on a large geographical scale. Methods During 2016–2018, adult female Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected by human landing catch (HLC) or human-bait sweep-net collections in 34 localities across China. Thirteen microsatellite markers were used to examine the patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among native Ae. albopictus populations. The correlation between population genetic indices and dengue incidence was also examined. Results A total of 153 distinct alleles were identified at the 13 microsatellite loci in the tested populations. All loci were polymorphic, with the number of distinct alleles ranging from eight to sixteen. Genetic parameters such as PIC, heterozygosity, allelic richness and fixation index (FST) revealed highly polymorphic markers, high genetic diversity, and low population genetic differentiation. In addition, Bayesian analysis of population structure showed two distinct genetic groups in southern-western and eastern-central-northern China. The Mantel test indicated a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance (R2 = 0.245, P = 0.01). STRUCTURE analysis, PCoA and GLS interpolation analysis indicated that Ae. albopictus populations in China were regionally clustered. Gene flow and relatedness estimates were generally high between populations. We observed no correlation between population genetic indices of microsatellite loci in Ae. albopictus populations and dengue incidence. Conclusion Strong gene flow probably assisted by human activities inhibited population differentiation and promoted genetic diversity among populations of Ae. albopictus. This may represent a potential risk of rapid spread of mosquito-borne diseases. The spatial genetic structure, coupled with the association between genetic indices and dengue incidence, may have important implications for understanding the epidemiology, prevention, and control of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiatian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangyao Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dizi Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Maitra A, Cunha-Machado AS, Souza Leandro AD, Costa FMD, Scarpassa VM. Exploring deeper genetic structures: Aedes aegypti in Brazil. Acta Trop 2019; 195:68-77. [PMID: 31034798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, being the principal vector of dengue (DENV1 to 4), chikungunya and Zika viruses, is considered as one of the most important mosquito vectors. In Brazil, despite regular vector control programs, Ae. aegypti still persists with high urban density in all the states. This study aimed to estimate the intra and inter population genetic diversity and genetic structure among 15 Brazilian populations of Ae. aegypti based on 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 510 specimens were analyzed comprising eight locations from northern (Itacoatiara, Manaus, Novo Airão, Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim and Macapá), three from southeastern (Araçatuba, São José de Rio Preto and Taubaté), one from southern (Foz do Iguaçu), one from central west (Cuiabá) and two from northeastern (Campina Grande and Teresina) regions of Brazil. Genetic distances (pairwise values of FST and Nm) and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were statistically significant, independent of geographic distances among the sites analyzed, indicating that them are under a complex dynamic process that influence the levels of gene flow within and among regions of the country. Bayesian analysis in STRUCTURE revealed the existence of two major genetic clusters, as well as there was genetic substructure within them; these results were confirmed by AMOVA, BAPS and DAPC analyses. This differentiation is the cumulative result of several factors combined as events of multiple introduction, passive dispersal, environmental and climatic conditions, use of insecticides, cycles of extinction and re-colonization followed by microevolutionary processes throughout the country. Isolation by distance also contributed to this differentiation, especially among geographically closer localities. These genetic differences may affect its vector competence to transmit dengue, chikungunya, Zika and the response to vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Maitra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antônio Saulo Cunha-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André de Souza Leandro
- Centro de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Saneamento, Prefeitura Municipal de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio Medeiros da Costa
- Oikos Consultoria e Projetos, Departamento de Meio Ambiente, Estrada de Santo Antônio, 3903 Apto 103 - Triângulo, Porto Velho, CEP 76.805 - 696, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Abstract
Our planet is an increasingly urbanized landscape, with over half of the human population residing in cities. Despite advances in urban ecology, we do not adequately understand how urbanization affects the evolution of organisms, nor how this evolution may affect ecosystems and human health. Here, we review evidence for the effects of urbanization on the evolution of microbes, plants, and animals that inhabit cities. Urbanization affects adaptive and nonadaptive evolutionary processes that shape the genetic diversity within and between populations. Rapid adaptation has facilitated the success of some native species in urban areas, but it has also allowed human pests and disease to spread more rapidly. The nascent field of urban evolution brings together efforts to understand evolution in response to environmental change while developing new hypotheses concerning adaptation to urban infrastructure and human socioeconomic activity. The next generation of research on urban evolution will provide critical insight into the importance of evolution for sustainable interactions between humans and our city environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology and Center for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA.
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Pereira LPLA, Brito MCA, Araruna FB, de Andrade MS, Moraes DFC, Borges ACR, do Rêgo Barros Pires Leal ER. Molecular studies with Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), mosquito transmitting the dengue virus. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2057-2063. [PMID: 28560571 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an infectious viral disease, which can present a wide clinical picture, ranging from oligo or asymptomatic forms, to bleeding and shock, and can progress to death. The disease problem has increased in recent years, especially in urban and suburban areas of tropical and subtropical regions. There are five dengue viruses, called serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, and DEN-5), which belong to the Flaviviridae family and are transmitted to humans through infected mosquito bites, with the main vector the Aedes aegypti mosquito (Linnaeus, 1762). Studies performed with Ae. aegypti, aimed at their identification and analysis of their population structure, are fundamental to improve understanding of the epidemiology of dengue, as well for the definition of strategic actions that reduce the transmission of this disease. Therefore, considering the importance of such research to the development of programs to combat dengue, the present review considers the techniques used for the molecular identification, and evaluation of the genetic variability of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Patrícia Lima Alves Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristiane Aranha Brito
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bastos Araruna
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, S/N, Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos e Histocompatibilidade-LEGH, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapari, 227, Centro, São Luís, MA, 65020-070, Brazil
| | - Denise Fernandes Coutinho Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Romão Borges
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil
| | - Emygdia Rosa do Rêgo Barros Pires Leal
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Biotecnologia da Rede Renorbio, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65065-545, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos e Histocompatibilidade-LEGH, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapari, 227, Centro, São Luís, MA, 65020-070, Brazil
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Rašić G, Schama R, Powell R, Maciel-de Freitas R, Endersby-Harshman NM, Filipović I, Sylvestre G, Máspero RC, Hoffmann AA. Contrasting genetic structure between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in the dengue fever mosquito from Rio de Janeiro: implications for vector control. Evol Appl 2015; 8:901-15. [PMID: 26495042 PMCID: PMC4610386 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent global arboviral disease that affects over 300 million people every year. Brazil has the highest number of dengue cases in the world, with the most severe epidemics in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Rio). The effective control of dengue is critically dependent on the knowledge of population genetic structuring in the primary dengue vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated via Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing, as well as traditional microsatellite markers in Ae. aegypti from Rio. We found four divergent mitochondrial lineages and a strong spatial structuring of mitochondrial variation, in contrast to the overall nuclear homogeneity across Rio. Despite a low overall differentiation in the nuclear genome, we detected strong spatial structure for variation in over 20 genes that have a significantly altered expression in response to insecticides, xenobiotics, and pathogens, including the novel biocontrol agent Wolbachia. Our results indicate that high genetic diversity, spatially unconstrained admixing likely mediated by male dispersal, along with locally heterogeneous genetic variation that could affect insecticide resistance and mosquito vectorial capacity, set limits to the effectiveness of measures to control dengue fever in Rio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Rašić
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Renata Schama
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FiocruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FiocruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosanna Powell
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Rafael Maciel-de Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FiocruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nancy M Endersby-Harshman
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Igor Filipović
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Gabriel Sylvestre
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FiocruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato C Máspero
- Gerencia de Risco Biológico da Coordenação de Vigilância Ambiental em Saude, Superintendência de Vigilânciaem Saude – SMSRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
Scientific research into the epidemiology of dengue frequently focuses on the microevolution and dispersion of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. One of the world’s largest urban agglomerations infested by Ae. aegypti is the Brazilian megalopolis of Sao Paulo, where >26,900 cases of dengue were reported until June 2015. Unfortunately, the dynamics of the genetic variability of Ae. aegypti in the Sao Paulo area have not been well studied. To reduce this knowledge gap, we assessed the morphogenetic variability of a population of Ae. aegypti from a densely urbanised neighbourhood of Sao Paulo. We tested if allelic patterns could vary over a short term and if wing shape could be a predictor of the genetic variation. Over a period of 14 months, we examined the variation of genetic (microsatellites loci) and morphological (wing geometry) markers in Ae. aegypti. Polymorphisms were detected, as revealed by the variability of 20 microsatellite loci (115 alleles combined; overall Fst = 0.0358) and 18 wing landmarks (quantitative estimator Qst = 0.4732). These levels of polymorphism are higher than typically expected to an exotic species. Allelic frequencies of the loci changed over time and temporal variation in the wing shape was even more pronounced, permitting high reclassification levels of chronological samples. In spite of the fact that both markers underwent temporal variation, no correlation was detected between their dynamics. We concluded that microevolution was detected despite the short observational period, but the intensities of change of the markers were discrepant. Wing shape failed from predicting allelic temporal variation. Possibly, natural selection (Qst>Fst) or variance of expressivity of wing phenotype are involved in this discrepancy. Other possibly influential factors on microevolution of Ae. aegypti are worth searching. Additionally, the implications of the rapid evolution and high polymorphism of this mosquito vector on the efficacy of control methods have yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Louise
- Laboratório Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paloma Oliveira Vidal
- Laboratório Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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10
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Meng F, Badierah RA, Almehdar HA, Redwan EM, Kurgan L, Uversky VN. Unstructural biology of the dengue virus proteins. FEBS J 2015; 282:3368-94. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Meng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Reaid A. Badierah
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A. Almehdar
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory; Protein Research Department; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute; City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications; New Borg El-Arab Alexandria Egypt
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Biological Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins; Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St Petersburg Russia
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Sayson SL, Gloria-Soria A, Powell JR, Edillo FE. Seasonal Genetic Changes of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Selected Sites of Cebu City, Philippines. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:638-46. [PMID: 26335470 PMCID: PMC4592349 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of dengue virus in the Philippines, where dengue is endemic. We examined the genetic changes of Ae. aegypti collected from three selected sites in Cebu city, Philippines, during the relatively wet (2011-2012) and dry seasons (2012 and 2013). A total of 493 Ae. aegypti adults, reared in the laboratory from field-collected larvae, were analyzed using 11 microsatellite loci. Seasonal variation was observed in allele frequencies and allelic richness. Average genetic differentiation (DEST=0.018; FST=0.029) in both dry seasons was higher, due to reduced Ne, than in the wet season (DEST=0.006; FST=0.009). Thus, average gene flow was higher in the wet season than in the dry seasons. However, the overall FST estimate (0.02) inclusive of the two seasons showed little genetic differentiation as supported by Bayesian clustering analysis. Results suggest that during the dry season the intense selection that causes a dramatic reduction of population size favors heterozygotes, leading to small pockets of mosquitoes (refuges) that exhibit random genetic differentiation. During the wet season, the genetic composition of the population is reconstituted by the expansion of the refuges that survived the preceding dry season. Source reduction of mosquitoes during the nonepidemic dry season is thus recommended to prevent dengue re-emergence in the subsequent wet season.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Sayson
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban Campus, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines 6000.
| | - A Gloria-Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - J R Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - F E Edillo
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos - Talamban Campus, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines 6000
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