1
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Chan JA, Loughland JR, de la Parte L, Okano S, Ssewanyana I, Nalubega M, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Rek J, Arinaitwe E, Tipping P, Bourke P, Andrew D, Dooley N, SheelaNair A, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Beeson JG, Greenhouse B, Dorsey G, Kamya M, Hartel G, Minigo G, Feeney M, Jagannathan P, Boyle MJ. Age-dependent changes in circulating Tfh cells influence development of functional malaria antibodies in children. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4159. [PMID: 35851033 PMCID: PMC9293980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells are key drivers of antibodies that protect from malaria. However, little is known regarding the host and parasite factors that influence Tfh and functional antibody development. Here, we use samples from a large cross-sectional study of children residing in an area of high malaria transmission in Uganda to characterize Tfh cells and functional antibodies to multiple parasites stages. We identify a dramatic re-distribution of the Tfh cell compartment with age that is independent of malaria exposure, with Th2-Tfh cells predominating in early childhood, while Th1-Tfh cell gradually increase to adult levels over the first decade of life. Functional antibody acquisition is age-dependent and hierarchical acquired based on parasite stage, with merozoite responses followed by sporozoite and gametocyte antibodies. Antibodies are boosted in children with current infection, and are higher in females. The children with the very highest antibody levels have increased Tfh cell activation and proliferation, consistent with a key role of Tfh cells in antibody development. Together, these data reveal a complex relationship between the circulating Tfh compartment, antibody development and protection from malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Chan
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica R Loughland
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Tiwi, Australia
| | | | - Satomi Okano
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mayimuna Nalubega
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Peta Tipping
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Tiwi, Australia
| | - Peter Bourke
- Division of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Manunda, QLD, Australia
| | - Dean Andrew
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Dooley
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arya SheelaNair
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Grant Dorsey
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Tiwi, Australia.,College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Margaret Feeney
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle J Boyle
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Tiwi, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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O'Flaherty K, Roe M, Fowkes FJ. The role of naturally acquired antimalarial antibodies in subclinical
Plasmodium
spp. infection. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1097-1105. [PMID: 35060185 PMCID: PMC9303632 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr1021-537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O'Flaherty
- Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne Australia
| | - Merryn Roe
- Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Freya J.I. Fowkes
- Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Monash University Melbourne Australia
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3
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Soon MSF, Nalubega M, Boyle MJ. T-follicular helper cells in malaria infection and roles in antibody induction. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab008. [PMID: 36845571 PMCID: PMC9914587 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity to malaria is mediated by antibodies that block parasite replication to limit parasite burden and prevent disease. Cytophilic antibodies have been consistently shown to be associated with protection, and recent work has improved our understanding of the direct and Fc-mediated mechanisms of protective antibodies. Antibodies also have important roles in vaccine-mediated immunity. Antibody induction is driven by the specialized CD4+ T cells, T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which function within the germinal centre to drive B-cell activation and antibody induction. In humans, circulating Tfh cells can be identified in peripheral blood and are differentiated into subsets that appear to have pathogen/vaccination-specific roles in antibody induction. Tfh cell responses are essential for protective immunity from Plasmodium infection in murine models of malaria. Our understanding of the activation of Tfh cells during human malaria infection and the importance of different Tfh cell subsets in antibody development is still emerging. This review will discuss our current knowledge of Tfh cell activation and development in malaria, and the potential avenues and pitfalls of targeting Tfh cells to improve malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S F Soon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, QIMR-Berghofer, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Mayimuna Nalubega
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Tororo District Hospital, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, QIMR-Berghofer, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia,Correspondence address. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. E-mail:
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4
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Alonso S, Vidal M, Ruiz-Olalla G, González R, Jairoce C, Manaca MN, Vázquez-Santiago M, Balcells R, Vala A, Rupérez M, Cisteró P, Fuente-Soro L, Angov E, Coppel RL, Gamain B, Cavanagh D, Beeson JG, Nhacolo A, Sevene E, Aponte JJ, Macete E, Aguilar R, Mayor A, Menéndez C, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. HIV infection and placental malaria reduce maternal transfer of multiple antimalarial antibodies in Mozambican women. J Infect 2021; 82:45-57. [PMID: 33636218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal Plasmodium falciparum-specific antibodies may contribute to protect infants against severe malaria. Our main objective was to evaluate the impact of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria on the cord blood levels and efficiency of placental transfer of IgG and IgG subclasses. METHODS In a cohort of 341 delivering HIV-negative and HIV-positive mothers from southern Mozambique, we measured total IgG and IgG subclasses in maternal and cord blood pairs by quantitative suspension array technology against eight P. falciparum antigens: Duffy-binding like domains 3-4 of VAR2CSA from the erythrocyte membrane protein 1, erythrocyte-binding antigen 140, exported protein 1 (EXP1), merozoite surface proteins 1, 2 and 5, and reticulocyte-binding-homologue-4.2 (Rh4.2). We performed univariable and multivariable regression models to assess the association of maternal HIV infection, placental malaria, maternal variables and pregnancy outcomes on cord antibody levels and antibody transplacental transfer. RESULTS Maternal antibody levels were the main determinants of cord antibody levels. HIV infection and placental malaria reduced the transfer and cord levels of IgG and IgG1, and this was antigen-dependent. Low birth weight was associated with an increase of IgG2 in cord against EXP1 and Rh4.2. CONCLUSIONS We found lower maternally transferred antibodies in HIV-exposed infants and those born from mothers with placental malaria, which may underlie increased susceptibility to malaria in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel González
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - M Nelia Manaca
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Miquel Vázquez-Santiago
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Reyes Balcells
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anifa Vala
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - María Rupérez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique; Present address: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Pau Cisteró
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Fuente-Soro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross L Coppel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benoit Gamain
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm, INTS, Unité Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - David Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | | | - Arsenio Nhacolo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Esperança Sevene
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Physiologic Science, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John J Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Eusébio Macete
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 153, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP 1929, Maputo, Mozambique.
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5
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Evidence that seasonal malaria chemoprevention with SPAQ influences blood and pre-erythrocytic stage antibody responses of Plasmodium falciparum infections in Niger. Malar J 2021; 20:1. [PMID: 33386070 PMCID: PMC7775624 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In endemic areas, children develop slowly and naturally anti-Plasmodium antibodies and become semi-immune. Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine (SPAQ) is a new strategy to reduce malaria morbidity in West African young children. However, SMC may impact on the natural acquisition of anti-Plasmodium immunity. This paper evaluates the effect of SMC with SPAQ on antibody concentration in young children from Niger. Methods This research was conducted in areas benefitting from SMC since 2014 (Zinder district), without SMC (Dosso district), and with 1 year of SMC since 2016 (Gaya district). To assess the relationship between SMC and Plasmodium falciparum IgG antibody responses, the total antibody concentrations against two P. falciparum asexual stage vaccine candidate antigens, circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and glutamate-rich protein R2 (GLURP-R2), in children aged 3 to 59 months across the three areas were compared. Antibody concentrations are quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the elution extracted from positive and negative malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test cassettes. Results The analysis concerns two hundred and twenty-nine children aged from 3 to 59 months: 71 in Zinder, 77 in Dosso, and 81 in Gaya. In Zinder (CSP = 17.5 µg/ml and GLURP-R2 = 14.3 µg/ml) median antibody concentration observed are higher than in Gaya (CSP = 7.7 µg/ml and GLURP-R2 = 6.5 µg/ml) and Dosso (CSP = 4.5 µg/ml and GLURP-R2 = 3.6 µg/ml) (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The research reveals some evidences which show that seasonal malaria chemoprevention with SPAQ has an effect on blood stage antibody responses and pre-erythrocytic stage of P. falciparum infections in Niger. Increased antibody titres with increased SMC/SPAQ implementation. This contradicts hypothesis that SMC/SPAQ could reduce immunity to erythrocyte and liver-stage antigens. Further studies are necessary to provide better understanding of the SMC effect on malaria immunity.
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6
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Sanchez L, Vidal M, Jairoce C, Aguilar R, Ubillos I, Cuamba I, Nhabomba AJ, Williams NA, Díez-Padrisa N, Cavanagh D, Angov E, Coppel RL, Gaur D, Beeson JG, Dutta S, Aide P, Campo JJ, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Antibody responses to the RTS,S/AS01 E vaccine and Plasmodium falciparum antigens after a booster dose within the phase 3 trial in Mozambique. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:46. [PMID: 32550014 PMCID: PMC7272643 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine has shown consistent but partial vaccine efficacy in a pediatric phase 3 clinical trial using a 3-dose immunization schedule. A fourth-dose 18 months after the primary vaccination was shown to restore the waning efficacy. However, only total IgG against the immunodominant malaria vaccine epitope has been analyzed following the booster. To better characterize the magnitude, nature, and longevity of the immune response to the booster, we measured levels of total IgM, IgG, and IgG1-4 subclasses against three constructs of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, also present in RTS,S) by quantitative suspension array technology in 50 subjects in the phase 3 trial in Manhiça, Mozambique. To explore the impact of vaccination on naturally acquired immune responses, we measured antibodies to P. falciparum antigens not included in RTS,S. We found increased IgG, IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4, but not IgG2 nor IgM, levels against vaccine antigens 1 month after the fourth dose. Overall, antibody responses to the booster dose were lower than the initial peak response to primary immunization and children had higher IgG and IgG1 levels than infants. Higher anti-Rh5 IgG and IgG1-4 levels were detected after the booster dose, suggesting that RTS,S partial protection could increase some blood stage antibody responses. Our work shows that the response to the RTS,S/AS01E booster dose is different from the primary vaccine immune response and highlights the dynamic changes in subclass antibody patterns upon the vaccine booster and with acquisition of adaptive immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sanchez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Itziar Ubillos
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Inocencia Cuamba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Nana Aba Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Núria Díez-Padrisa
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - David Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Ross L Coppel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Deepak Gaur
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India.,Laboratory of Malaria and Vaccine Research, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Pedro Aide
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Joseph J Campo
- UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
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7
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O'Flaherty K, Ataíde R, Zaloumis SG, Ashley EA, Powell R, Feng G, Reiling L, Dondorp AM, Day NP, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, Lim P, Amaratunga C, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT, Htut Y, Mayxay M, Faiz MA, Beeson JG, Nosten F, Simpson JA, White NJ, Fowkes FJI. Contribution of Functional Antimalarial Immunity to Measures of Parasite Clearance in Therapeutic Efficacy Studies of Artemisinin Derivatives. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1178-1187. [PMID: 31075171 PMCID: PMC6735958 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies to the blood stages of malaria parasites enhance parasite clearance and antimalarial efficacy. The antibody subclass and functions that contribute to parasite clearance during antimalarial treatment and their relationship to malaria transmission intensity have not been characterized. Methods Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and C1q fixation in response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens (erythrocyte-binding antigen [EBA] 175RIII-V, merozoite surface protein 2 [MSP-2], and MSP-142) and opsonic phagocytosis of merozoites were measured in a multinational trial assessing the efficacy of artesunate therapy across 11 Southeast Asian sites. Regression analyses assessed the effects of antibody seropositivity on the parasite clearance half-life (PC½), having a PC½ of ≥5 hours, and having parasitemia 3 days after treatment. Results IgG3, followed by IgG1, was the predominant IgG subclass detected (seroprevalence range, 5%–35% for IgG1 and 27%–41% for IgG3), varied across study sites, and was lowest in study sites with the lowest transmission intensity and slowest mean PC½. IgG3, C1q fixation, and opsonic-phagocytosis seropositivity were associated with a faster PC½ (range of the mean reduction in PC½, 0.47–1.16 hours; P range, .001–.03) and a reduced odds of having a PC½ of ≥5 hours and having parasitemia 3 days after treatment. Conclusions The prevalence of IgG3, complement-fixing antibodies, and merozoite phagocytosis vary according to transmission intensity, are associated with faster parasite clearance, and may be sensitive surrogates of an augmented clearance capacity of infected erythrocytes. Determining the functional immune mechanisms associated with parasite clearance will improve characterization of artemisinin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O'Flaherty
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo Ataíde
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophie G Zaloumis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Ashley
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gaoqian Feng
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul Dhorda
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Baltimore.,Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Pharath Lim
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Chanaki Amaratunga
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ye Htut
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Lao People's Democratic Republic.,Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - M Abul Faiz
- Malaria Research Group, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Dev Care Foundation, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francois Nosten
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok.,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Matos ADS, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Soares IF, Baptista BDO, de Souza RM, Bitencourt-Chaves L, Totino PRR, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, López-Camacho C, Reyes-Sandoval A, Pratt-Riccio LR, Lima-Junior JDC. Antibody Responses Against Plasmodium vivax TRAP Recombinant and Synthetic Antigens in Naturally Exposed Individuals From the Brazilian Amazon. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2230. [PMID: 31620136 PMCID: PMC6763564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) is essential for sporozoite motility and the invasion of mosquitoes' salivary gland and vertebrate's hepatocyte and is, thus, considered a promising pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate. Despite the existence of a few reports on naturally acquired immune response against Plasmodium vivax TRAP (PvTRAP), it has never been explored so far in the Amazon region, so results are conflicting. Here, we characterized the (IgG and IgG subclass) antibody reactivity against recombinant PvTRAP in a cross-sectional study of 299 individuals exposed to malaria infection in three municipalities (Cruzeiro do Sul, Mâncio Lima and Guajará) from the Acre state of the Brazilian Amazon. In addition, the full PvTRAP sequence was screened for B-cell epitopes using in silico and in vitro approaches. Firstly, we confirmed that PvTRAP is naturally immunogenic in the cohort population since 49% of the individuals were IgG-responders to it. The observed immune responses were mainly driven by cytophilic IgG1 over all other sublcasses and the IgG levels that was corelated with age and time of residence in the studied area (p < 0.05). Interestingly, only the levels of specific anti-TRAP IgG3 seemed to be associated with protection, as IgG3 responders presented a significantly higher time elapse since the last malaria episode than those recorded for IgG3 non-responders. Regarding the B-cell epitope mapping, among the 148 responders to PvTRAP, four predicted epitopes were confirmed by recognition of antibodies (PvTRAPR197-H227; PvTRAPE237-T258; PvTRAPP344-G374; and PvTRAPE439-K454). Nevertheless, the frequency of responders against these peptides were low and did not show a clear correlation with the antibody response against the corresponding antigen. Moreover, none of the linear confirmed epitopes were located in the binding regions of PvTRAP in respect to the host cell ligand. Collectively, our data confirm the PvTRAP immunogenicity among Amazon inhabitants, while suggesting that the main important B-cell epitopes are not linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada da Silva Matos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lana Bitencourt-Chaves
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - César López-Camacho
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Immunogenic Evaluation of Ribosomal P-Protein Antigen P0, P1, and P2 and Pentameric Protein Complex P0-(P1-P2) 2 of Plasmodium falciparum in a Mouse Model. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9264217. [PMID: 31612155 PMCID: PMC6757288 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9264217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one the most infectious and destructive protozoan diseases worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle and high genetic variability responsible for the difficulties in vaccine development, is implicated in most malaria-related deaths. In the course of study, we prepared a set of antigens based on P-proteins from P. falciparum and determined their immunogenicity in an in vivo assay on a mouse model. The pentameric complex P0-(P1-P2)2 was prepared along with individual P1, P2, and P0 antigens. We determined the level of cellular- and humoral-type immunological response followed by development of specific immunological memory. We have shown that the number of Tc cells increased significantly after the first immunization with P2 and after the second immunization with P1 and P0-(P1-P2)2, which highly correlated with the number of Th1 cells. P0 appeared as a poor inducer of cellular response. After the third boost with P1, P2, or P0-(P1-P2)2, the initially high cellular response dropped to the control level accompanied by elevation of the number of activated Treg cells and a high level of suppressive TGF-β. Subsequently, the humoral response against the examined antigens was activated. Although the titers of specific IgG were increasing during the course of immunization for all antigens used, P2 and P0-(P1-P2)2 were found to be significantly stronger than P1 and P0. A positive correlation between the Th2 cell abundance and the level of IL-10 was observed exclusively after immunization with P0-(P1-P2)2. An in vitro exposure of spleen lymphocytes from the immunized mice especially to the P1, P2, and P0-(P1-P2)2 protein caused 2-3-fold higher cell proliferation than that in the case of lymphocytes from the nonimmunized animals, suggesting development of immune memory. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the native-like P-protein pentameric complex represents much stronger immune potential than individual P-antigens.
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10
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Odhiambo EO, Datta D, Guyah B, Ayodo G, Ondigo BN, Abong'o BO, John CC, Frosch AEP. HIV infection drives IgM and IgG3 subclass bias in Plasmodium falciparum-specific and total immunoglobulin concentration in Western Kenya. Malar J 2019; 18:297. [PMID: 31470903 PMCID: PMC6716850 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV infection is associated with more frequent and severe episodes of malaria and may be the result of altered malaria-specific B cell responses. However, it is poorly understood how HIV and the associated lymphopenia and immune activation affect malaria-specific antibody responses. Methods HIV infected and uninfected adults were recruited from Bondo subcounty hospital in Western Kenya at the time of HIV testing (antiretroviral and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis naïve). Total and Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and glutamate rich protein-R0 (GLURP-R0) specific IgM, IgG and IgG subclass concentrations was measured in 129 and 52 of recruited HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, respectively. In addition, HIV-1 viral load (VL), CD4+ T cell count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was quantified in study participants. Antibody levels were compared based on HIV status and the associations of antibody concentration with HIV-1 VL, CD4+ count, and CRP levels was measured using Spearman correlation testing. Results Among study participants, concentrations of IgM, IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies to AMA1 and GLURP-R0 were higher in HIV infected individuals compared to uninfected individuals (all p < 0.001). The IgG3 to IgG1 ratio to both AMA1 and GLURP-R0 was also significantly higher in HIV-infected individuals (p = 0.02). In HIV-infected participants, HIV-1 VL and CRP were weakly correlated with AMA1 and GLURP-R0 specific IgM and IgG1 concentrations and total (not antigen specific) IgM, IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 concentrations (all p < 0.05), suggesting that these changes are related in part to viral load and inflammation. Conclusions Overall, HIV infection leads to a total and malaria antigen-specific immunoglobulin production bias towards higher levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG3, and HIV-1 viraemia and systemic inflammation are weakly correlated with these changes. Further assessments of antibody affinity and function and correlation with risk of clinical malaria, will help to better define the effects of HIV infection on clinical and biological immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliud O Odhiambo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Bernard Guyah
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - George Ayodo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Bartholomew N Ondigo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya.,Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benard O Abong'o
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho
| | - Chandy C John
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Anne E P Frosch
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya. .,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. .,Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Barry A, Behet MC, Nébié I, Lanke K, Grignard L, Ouedraogo A, Soulama I, Drakeley C, Sauerwein R, Bolscher JM, Dechering KJ, Bousema T, Tiono AB, Gonçalves BP. Functional antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are associated with a longer time to qPCR-detected infection among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:159. [PMID: 30828645 PMCID: PMC6381444 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14932.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals living in malaria-endemic regions develop immunity against severe malaria, but it is unclear whether immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages that blocks initiation of blood-stage infection after parasite inoculation develops following continuous natural exposure. Methods: We cleared schoolchildren living in an area (health district of Saponé, Burkina Faso) with highly endemic seasonal malaria of possible sub-patent infections and examined them weekly for incident infections by nested PCR. Plasma samples collected at enrolment were used to quantify antibodies to the pre-eryhrocytic-stage antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and Liver stage antigen 1 (LSA-1).
In vitro sporozoite gliding inhibition and hepatocyte invasion inhibition by naturally acquired antibodies were assessed using
Plasmodium falciparum NF54 sporozoites. Associations between antibody responses, functional pre-erythrocytic immunity phenotypes and time to infection detected by
18S quantitative PCR were studied. Results: A total of 51 children were monitored. Anti-CSP antibody titres showed a positive association with sporozoite gliding motility inhibition (P<0.0001, Spearman’s ρ=0.76).
In vitro hepatocyte invasion was inhibited by naturally acquired antibodies (median inhibition, 19.4% [IQR 15.2-40.9%]), and there were positive correlations between invasion inhibition and gliding inhibition (P=0.005, Spearman’s ρ=0.67) and between invasion inhibition and CSP-specific antibodies (P=0.002, Spearman’s ρ=0.76). Survival analysis indicated longer time to infection in individuals displaying higher-than-median sporozoite gliding inhibition activity (P=0.01), although this association became non-significant after adjustment for blood-stage immunity (P = 0.06). Conclusions: In summary, functional antibodies against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria infection are acquired in children who are repeatedly exposed to
Plasmodium parasites. This immune response does not prevent them from becoming infected during a malaria transmission season, but might delay the appearance of blood stage parasitaemia. Our approach could not fully separate the effects of pre-erythrocytic-specific and blood-stage-specific antibody-mediated immune responses
in vivo; epidemiological studies powered and designed to address this important question should become a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissata Barry
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije C Behet
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Issa Nébié
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Grignard
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alphonse Ouedraogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Issiaka Soulama
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Teun Bousema
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alfred B Tiono
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Bronner P Gonçalves
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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12
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Barry A, Behet MC, Nébié I, Lanke K, Grignard L, Ouedraogo A, Soulama I, Drakeley C, Sauerwein R, Bolscher JM, Dechering KJ, Bousema T, Tiono AB, Gonçalves BP. Functional antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are associated with a longer time to qPCR-detected infection among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:159. [PMID: 30828645 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14932.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals living in malaria-endemic regions develop immunity against severe malaria, but it is unclear whether immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages that blocks initiation of blood-stage infection after parasite inoculation develops following continuous natural exposure. Methods: We cleared schoolchildren living in an area (health district of Saponé, Burkina Faso) with highly endemic seasonal malaria of possible sub-patent infections and examined them weekly for incident infections by nested PCR. Plasma samples collected at enrolment were used to quantify antibodies to the pre-eryhrocytic-stage antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and Liver stage antigen 1 (LSA-1). In vitro sporozoite gliding inhibition and hepatocyte invasion inhibition by naturally acquired antibodies were assessed using Plasmodium falciparum NF54 sporozoites. Associations between antibody responses, functional pre-erythrocytic immunity phenotypes and time to infection detected by 18S quantitative PCR were studied. Results: A total of 51 children were monitored. Anti-CSP antibody titres showed a positive association with sporozoite gliding motility inhibition (P<0.0001, Spearman's ρ=0.76). In vitro hepatocyte invasion was inhibited by naturally acquired antibodies (median inhibition, 19.4% [IQR 15.2-40.9%]), and there were positive correlations between invasion inhibition and gliding inhibition (P=0.005, Spearman's ρ=0.67) and between invasion inhibition and CSP-specific antibodies (P=0.002, Spearman's ρ=0.76). Survival analysis indicated longer time to infection in individuals displaying higher-than-median sporozoite gliding inhibition activity (P=0.01), although this association became non-significant after adjustment for blood-stage immunity (P = 0.06). Conclusions: In summary, functional antibodies against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria infection are acquired in children who are repeatedly exposed to Plasmodium parasites. This immune response does not prevent them from becoming infected during a malaria transmission season, but might delay the appearance of blood stage parasitaemia. Our approach could not fully separate the effects of pre-erythrocytic-specific and blood-stage-specific antibody-mediated immune responses in vivo; epidemiological studies powered and designed to address this important question should become a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissata Barry
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije C Behet
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Issa Nébié
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Grignard
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alphonse Ouedraogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Issiaka Soulama
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Teun Bousema
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alfred B Tiono
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Bronner P Gonçalves
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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13
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Pirahmadi S, Zakeri S, Mehrizi AA, Karimi L, Djadid ND. Heterogeneity in the acquisition of naturally acquired antibodies to cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) and thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) of Plasmodium falciparum in naturally infected patients from unstable malaria areas in Iran. Acta Trop 2019; 190:365-374. [PMID: 30543766 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no subunit malaria vaccine capable of providing long-lasting protection, and a vaccine based on a single-antigen has shown moderate to unsatisfactory efficacies in clinical trials. As in malaria elimination and eradication strategies, the primary objective is reduction in disease and death due to P. falciparum, in the present investigation, for the first time, we attempted to determine and compare the naturally acquired immune responses to two well-recognized sporozoite antigens, cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) and thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP), in P. falciparum-infected individuals (n = 204) in low malaria transmission settings of Iran using ELISA. Besides, the profile of IgG isotype responses, the avidity of IgG, IgG1, and IgG3, and the association of anti-PfCelTOS and -PfTRAP antibodies with host age were evaluated. Positive antibody responses to PfCelTOS and PfTRAP antigens were detected in 16.2% and 31.9% of Iranian P. falciparum-infected individuals, respectively, indicating significantly lower immune response to PfCelTOS than PfTRAP (P <0.0001, McNemar's test). Also, among the positive samples for anti-PfCelTOS (n = 33) and -PfTRAP (n = 65) total IgG, the cytophilic IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies were predominant. A significant proportion of the examined positive responders had high- and intermediate-avidity for IgG (93.9%, 87.7%), IgG1 (96.3%, 87.7%), and IgG3 (76%, 78.7%) antibodies to both PfCelTOS and PfTRAP antigens, respectively, with no correlation with age (P >0.05; Spearman's correlation test). In conclusion, the present data suggests the acquisition of heterogenic immune responses to both antigens in the same patients naturally infected with P. falciparum from settings of low malaria transmission intensity in Iran in which their role in protection to malaria needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Pirahmadi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Abouie Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karimi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kwenti TE, Kukwah TA, Kwenti TDB, Nyassa BR, Dilonga MH, Enow-Orock G, Tendongfor N, Anong ND, Wanji S, Njunda LA, Nkuo-Akenji T. Comparative analysis of IgG and IgG subclasses against Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 19 in children from five contrasting bioecological zones of Cameroon. Malar J 2019; 18:16. [PMID: 30670064 PMCID: PMC6341684 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies reporting the natural immune responses against malaria in children from different geographical settings in endemic areas are not readily available. This study was aimed at comparing the immune responses against Plasmodium falciparum MSP-119 antigen in children from five contrasting bioecological zones in Cameroon. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, children between 2 and 15 years, were enrolled from five ecological strata including the south Cameroonian equatorial forest, sudano-sahelian, high inland plateau, high western plateau, and the coastal strata. The children were screened for clinical malaria (defined by malaria parasitaemia ≥ 5000 parasites/µl plus axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C). Their antibody responses were measured against P. falciparum MSP-119 antigen using standard ELISA technique. Results In all, 415 children comprising 217 (52.3%) males participated. Total IgG and IgG1–IgG4 titres were observed to increase with age in all the strata except in the sudano-sahelian and high inland plateau strata. Total IgG and IgG1–IgG4 titres were significantly higher in the coastal strata and lowest in the high inland plateau (for IgG1 and IgG2) and sudano-sahelian strata (for IgG3 and IgG4). Titres of the cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3) were significantly higher than the non-cytophilic antibodies (IgG2 and IgG4) in all the strata except in the sudano-sahelian and high inland plateau strata. Total IgG and IgG subclass titres were significantly higher in children positive for clinical malaria compared to negative children in all study sites except in the high western plateau and coastal (for IgG1 and IgG3), and the sudano-sahelian strata (for all antibodies). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between parasite density and IgG2 or IgG4 titres in all study sites except in the south Cameroonian equatorial forest and sudano-sahelian strata. Conclusions This study showed that antibody responses against MSP-119 vary considerably in children from the different bioecological strata in Cameroon and could be linked to the differential exposure to malaria in the different strata. Furthermore, the rate of antibody acquisition was not observed to increase in an age-dependent manner in low transmission settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2654-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon. .,Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon. .,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon. .,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.
| | - Tufon Anthony Kukwah
- Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Tayong Dizzle Bita Kwenti
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Babila Raymond Nyassa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Meriki Henry Dilonga
- Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - George Enow-Orock
- Regional Hospital of Buea, P.O. Box 32, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Nicholas Tendongfor
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Nota Damian Anong
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Parasites and Vector Biology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Longdoh Anna Njunda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 23, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Theresa Nkuo-Akenji
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
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15
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Saavedra-Langer R, Marapara J, Valle-Campos A, Durand S, Vásquez-Chasnamote ME, Silva H, Pinedo-Cancino V. IgG subclass responses to excreted-secreted antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in a low-transmission malaria area of the Peruvian Amazon. Malar J 2018; 17:328. [PMID: 30200987 PMCID: PMC6131892 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria in Peru is concentrated in the Amazon region, especially in Loreto, and transmission is focused in rural and peri-urban communities. The government has approved a malaria elimination plan with a community approach and seeks to reduce the risk of transmission through preventive interventions, but asymptomatic and low-parasite-density infections are challenges for disease control and elimination. IgG antibodies play a critical role in combating infection through their ability to reduce parasitaemia and clinical symptoms. In particular, IgG subclasses have important roles in controlling malaria disease and may provide new insight into the development of malaria control strategies and understanding of malaria transmission. Through the use of excreted-secreted antigens from Plasmodium falciparum, were evaluated the responses of the four IgG subclasses in symptomatic and asymptomatic malarial infections. Results Higher levels of whole IgG were observed in asymptomatic carriers (P < 0.05). IgG3 and IgG1 were the most prevalent subclasses and did not show differences in their antibody levels in either type of carrier. All symptomatic carriers were positive for IgG4, and the presence of IgG3 and IgG2 were correlated with protection against parasitaemia. IgG2 showed lower prevalence and antibody titers in comparison to other subclasses. Conclusions This is the first study that characterizes the IgG subclass response in the Peruvian Amazon, and these results show that even in populations from regions with low malaria transmission, a certain degree of naturally acquired immunity can develop when the right antibody subclasses are produced. This provides important insight into the potential mechanisms regulating protective immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2471-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Saavedra-Langer
- Fundación para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Amazonía Baja del Perú, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú.,Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía Peruana, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Jorge Marapara
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía Peruana, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Andree Valle-Campos
- Fundación para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Amazonía Baja del Perú, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Salomón Durand
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales "Maxime Kuczynski", Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria E Vásquez-Chasnamote
- Fundación para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Amazonía Baja del Perú, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú.,Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía Peruana, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Hermann Silva
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Viviana Pinedo-Cancino
- Fundación para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Amazonía Baja del Perú, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú. .,Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía Peruana, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú.
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16
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Weber GE, White MT, Babakhanyan A, Sumba PO, Vulule J, Ely D, John C, Angov E, Lanar D, Dutta S, Narum DL, Horii T, Cowman A, Beeson J, Smith J, Kazura JW, Dent AE. Sero-catalytic and Antibody Acquisition Models to Estimate Differing Malaria Transmission Intensities in Western Kenya. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16821. [PMID: 29203846 PMCID: PMC5715086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify a subset of Plasmodium falciparum antibody targets that would inform monitoring efforts needed to eliminate malaria in high transmission settings. IgG antibodies to 28 recombinant Pf antigens were measured in residents of two communities in western Kenya examined in 2003 and 2013, when the respective prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia among children was 81 and 15 percent by microscopy. Annual seroconversion rates based on a sero-catalytic model that dichotomised antibody values to negative versus positive showed that rates were higher in 2003 than 2013 for 1 pre-erythrocytic and 7 blood-stage antigens. Antibody acquisition models that considered antibody levels as continuous variables showed that age-related antibody levels to Circumsporozoite Protein and 10 merozoite proteins increased at different rates with age in 2003 versus 2013. Both models found that antibodies to 5 proteins of the Merozoite Surface Protein 1 complex were differentially acquired between the cohorts, and that changes in antibody levels to Apical Membrane Antigen 1 suggested a decrease in transmission that occurred ~10 years before 2013. Further studies evaluating antibodies to this subset of Pf antigens as biomarkers of malaria exposure and naturally acquired immunity are warranted in endemic settings where transmission has been reduced but persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Weber
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Anna Babakhanyan
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - John Vulule
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dylan Ely
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chandy John
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evelina Angov
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David Lanar
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David L Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alan Cowman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Joseph Smith
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Arlene E Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Natural Parasite Exposure Induces Protective Human Anti-Malarial Antibodies. Immunity 2017; 47:1197-1209.e10. [PMID: 29195810 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against the NANP repeat of circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the major surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites, can protect from malaria in animal models but protective humoral immunity is difficult to induce in humans. Here we cloned and characterized rare affinity-matured human NANP-reactive memory B cell antibodies elicited by natural Pf exposure that potently inhibited parasite transmission and development in vivo. We unveiled the molecular details of antibody binding to two distinct protective epitopes within the NANP repeat. NANP repeat recognition was largely mediated by germline encoded and immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) residues, whereas affinity maturation contributed predominantly to stabilizing the antigen-binding site conformation. Combined, our findings illustrate the power of exploring human anti-CSP antibody responses to develop tools for malaria control in the mammalian and the mosquito vector and provide a molecular basis for the structure-based design of next-generation CSP malaria vaccines.
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18
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Pratt-Riccio LR, De Souza Perce-Da-Silva D, Da Costa Lima-Junior J, Pratt Riccio EK, Ribeiro-Alves M, Santos F, Arruda M, Camus D, Druilhe P, Oliveira-Ferreira J, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Banic DM. Synthetic Antigens Derived from Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite, Liver, and Blood Stages: Naturally Acquired Immune Response and Human Leukocyte Antigen Associations in Individuals Living in a Brazilian Endemic Area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1581-1592. [PMID: 29016339 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide vaccine strategies using Plasmodium-derived antigens have emerged as an attractive approach against malaria. However, relatively few studies have been conducted with malaria-exposed populations from non-African countries. Herein, the seroepidemiological profile against Plasmodium falciparum of naturally exposed individuals from a Brazilian malaria-endemic area against synthetic peptides derived from vaccine candidates circumsporozoite protein (CSP), liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1), erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (EBA-175), and merozoite surface protein-3 (MSP-3) was investigated. Moreover, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1* and HLA-DQB1* were evaluated to characterize genetic modulation of humoral responsiveness to these antigens. The study was performed using blood samples from 187 individuals living in rural malaria-endemic villages situated near Porto Velho, Rondônia State. Specific IgG and IgM antibodies and IgG subclasses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HLA-DRB1* and HLA-DQB1* low-resolution typing was performed by PCR-SSP. All four synthetic peptides were broadly recognized by naturally acquired antibodies. Regarding the IgG subclass profile, only CSP induced IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies, which is an important fact given that the acquisition of protective immunity appears to be associated with the cytophilicity of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies. HLA-DRB1*11 and HLA-DQB1*7 had the lowest odds of responding to EBA-175. Our results showed that CSP, LSA-1, EBA, and MSP-3 are immunogenic in natural conditions of exposure and that anti-EBA antibody responses appear to be modulated by HLA class II antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública (LACEN), Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Mercia Arruda
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniel Camus
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculte de Médecine, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Dalma Maria Banic
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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França CT, White MT, He WQ, Hostetler JB, Brewster J, Frato G, Malhotra I, Gruszczyk J, Huon C, Lin E, Kiniboro B, Yadava A, Siba P, Galinski MR, Healer J, Chitnis C, Cowman AF, Takashima E, Tsuboi T, Tham WH, Fairhurst RM, Rayner JC, King CL, Mueller I. Identification of highly-protective combinations of Plasmodium vivax recombinant proteins for vaccine development. eLife 2017; 6:28673. [PMID: 28949293 PMCID: PMC5655538 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of antigenic targets of naturally-acquired immunity is essential to identify and prioritize antigens for further functional characterization. We measured total IgG antibodies to 38 P. vivax antigens, investigating their relationship with prospective risk of malaria in a cohort of 1–3 years old Papua New Guinean children. Using simulated annealing algorithms, the potential protective efficacy of antibodies to multiple antigen-combinations, and the antibody thresholds associated with protection were investigated for the first time. High antibody levels to multiple known and newly identified proteins were strongly associated with protection (IRR 0.44–0.74, p<0.001–0.041). Among five-antigen combinations with the strongest protective effect (>90%), EBP, DBPII, RBP1a, CyRPA, and PVX_081550 were most frequently identified; several of them requiring very low antibody levels to show a protective association. These data identify individual antigens that should be prioritized for further functional testing and establish a clear path to testing a multicomponent P. vivax vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tenorio França
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael T White
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia.,MRC Center for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica B Hostetler
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Jessica Brewster
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gabriel Frato
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Jakub Gruszczyk
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christele Huon
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Enmoore Lin
- Malaria Immuno-Epidemiology Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Yagaum, Papua New Guinea
| | - Benson Kiniboro
- Malaria Immuno-Epidemiology Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Yagaum, Papua New Guinea
| | - Anjali Yadava
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Peter Siba
- Malaria Immuno-Epidemiology Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Yagaum, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mary R Galinski
- International Center for Malaria Research, Education, and Development, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, United States.,Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Julie Healer
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chetan Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Alan F Cowman
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Malaria Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Nazeri S, Zakeri S, Mehrizi AA, Djadid ND. Naturally acquired immune responses to thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) of Plasmodium vivax in patients from areas of unstable malaria transmission. Acta Trop 2017; 173:45-54. [PMID: 28549910 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A key tool for the control, elimination, and eradication of Plasmodium vivax is the development of an effective vaccine. The thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) is one of the major sporozoite antigens that plays an important role in the invasion of mosquito salivary glands and hepatocytes by sporozoites. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the naturally acquired antibodies to the P. vivax TRAP (PvTRAP) in patients from malaria-endemic areas of Iran (n=116), Afghanistan (n=50), and Pakistan (n=50). The PvTRAP gene was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)-pET23a and used as antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype and the avidity of IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 to PvTRAP, as well as the association between anti-PvTRAP isotype responses and host age were evaluated. Only 42.24% of Iranian, 38% of Afghani, and 44% of Pakistani patients infected with P. vivax had positive anti-PvTRAP IgG, and the prevalence of responders in the three countries did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of IgG1 and IgG3 antibody responses to PvTRAP showed no significant correlation with age (P>0.05). Individuals exposed to vivax malaria in the unstable malaria transmission areas are able to produce antibodies to the TRAP antigen at all ages in response to P. vivax infections. Finally, the presence of mature IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies with high to intermediate avidity against PvTRAP antigen (>60%) provide more information to understand the interactions between the host and P. vivax parasite. In summary, the present study provides data that support the rational development of an effective pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine based on PvTRAP antigen.
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21
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Biological, immunological and functional properties of two novel multi-variant chimeric recombinant proteins of CSP antigens for vaccine development against Plasmodium vivax infection. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:158-171. [PMID: 28800475 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax is a major pre-erythrocyte vaccine candidate. The protein has a central repeat region that belongs to one of repeat families (VK210, VK247, and the P. vivax-like). In the present study, computer modelling was employed to select chimeric proteins, comprising the conserved regions and different arrangements of the repeat elements (VK210 and VK247), whose structure is similar to that of the native counterparts. DNA encoding the selected chimeras (named CS127 and CS712) were synthetically constructed based on E. coli codons, then cloned and expressed. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; anti-Pv-210-CDC and -Pv-247-CDC), recognized the chimeric antigens in ELISA, indicating correct conformation and accessibility of the B-cell epitopes. ELISA using IgG from plasma samples collected from 221 Iranian patients with acute P. vivax showed that only 49.32% of the samples reacted to both CS127 and CS712 proteins. The dominant subclass for the two chimeras was IgG1 (48% of the positive responders, OD492=0.777±0.420 for CS127; 48.41% of the positive responders, OD492=0.862±0.423 for CS712, with no statistically significant difference P>0.05; Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Binding assays showed that both chimeric proteins bound to immobilized heparan sulphate and HepG2 hepatocyte cells in a concentration-dependent manner, saturable at 80μg/mL. Additionally, anti-CS127 and -CS712 antibodies raised in mice recognized the native protein on the surface of P. vivax sporozoite with high intensity, confirming the presence of common epitopes between the recombinant forms and the native proteins. In summary, despite structural differences at the molecular level, the expression levels of both chimeras were satisfactory, and their conformational structure retained biological function, thus supporting their potential for use in the development of vivax-based vaccine.
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22
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Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins Are Key Targets of Naturally Acquired Immunity in Young Papua New Guinean Children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005014. [PMID: 27677183 PMCID: PMC5038947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major gaps in our understanding of Plasmodium vivax biology and the acquisition of immunity to this parasite hinder vaccine development. P. vivax merozoites exclusively invade reticulocytes, making parasite proteins that mediate reticulocyte binding and/or invasion potential key vaccine or drug targets. While protein interactions that mediate invasion are still poorly understood, the P. vivax Reticulocyte-Binding Protein family (PvRBP) is thought to be involved in P. vivax restricted host-cell selectivity. Methodology/Principal findings We assessed the binding specificity of five members of the PvRBP family (PvRBP1a, PvRBP1b, PvRBP2a, PvRBP2b, PvRBP2-P2 and a non-binding fragment of PvRBP2c) to normocytes or reticulocytes. PvRBP2b was identified as the only reticulocyte-specific binder (P<0.001), whereas the others preferentially bound to normocytes (PvRBP1a/b P≤0.034), or showed comparable binding to both (PvRBP2a/2-P2, P = 0.38). Furthermore, we measured levels of total and IgG subclasses 1, 2, 3 and 4 to the six PvRBPs in a cohort of young Papua New Guinean children, and assessed their relationship with prospective risk of P. vivax malaria. Children had substantial, highly correlated (rho = 0.49–0.82, P<0.001) antibody levels to all six PvRBPs, with dominant IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. Both total IgG (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] 0.63–0.73, P = 0.008–0.041) and IgG1 (IRR 0.56–0.69, P = 0.001–0.035) to PvRBP2b and PvRBP1a were strongly associated with reduced risk of vivax-malaria, independently of age and exposure. Conclusion/Significance These results demonstrate a diversity of erythrocyte-binding phenotypes of PvRBPs, indicating binding to both reticulocyte-specific and normocyte-specific ligands. Our findings provide further insights into the naturally acquired immunity to P. vivax and highlight the importance of PvRBP proteins as targets of naturally acquired humoral immunity. In-depth studies of the role of PvRBPs in P. vivax invasion and functional validation of the role of anti-PvRBP antibodies in clinical immunity against P. vivax are now required to confirm the potential of the reticulocyte-binding PvRBP2b and PvRBP1a as vaccine candidate antigens. In parallel with the tremendous reduction in malaria burden, Plasmodium vivax (Pv) is now the predominant malaria species in the Asia-Pacific and Americas. Pv can only invade young erythrocytes (reticulocytes) and this restriction is thought to involve the Reticulocyte-Binding Protein family (PvRBP). Given their predicted role, PvRBPs are potentially interesting vaccine targets. However, the acquisition of immunity to Pv in general (PvRBPs in particular) is poorly understood, hindering vaccine development. Here, we show that out of five PvRBPs, only one (PvRBP2b) binds exclusively to reticulocytes. Furthermore, we measured antibody levels to all six PvRBPs in a cohort of young Papua New Guinean children, assessing the relationship between antibodies to PvRBPs and risk of malaria disease. Both total and specific antibody subclass levels (IgG1 and IgG3) to the reticulocyte-specific binder PvRBP2b, and the non-specific binder PvRBP1a were strongly associated with lower risk of clinical disease. Our findings indicate a diversity of roles of PvRBPs in erythrocyte invasion and highlight their importance as targets of the naturally acquired immunity to Pv. Functional studies of the role of PvRBPs in reticulocyte invasion will be required to fully understand the potential of PvRBP1a and PvRBP2b as vaccine candidates.
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23
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Nankabirwa JI, Yeka A, Arinaitwe E, Kigozi R, Drakeley C, Kamya MR, Greenhouse B, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Staedke SG. Estimating malaria parasite prevalence from community surveys in Uganda: a comparison of microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and polymerase chain reaction. Malar J 2015; 14:528. [PMID: 26714465 PMCID: PMC4696244 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-1056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Household surveys are important tools for monitoring the malaria disease burden and measuring impact of malaria control interventions with parasite prevalence as the primary metric. However, estimates of parasite prevalence are dependent on a number of factors including the method used to detect parasites, age of the population sampled, and level of immunity. To better understand the influence of diagnostics, age, and endemicity on estimates of parasite prevalence and how these change over time, community-based surveys were performed for two consecutive years in three settings and the sensitivities of microscopy and immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were assessed, considering polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the gold standard. Methods Surveys were conducted over the same two-month period in 2012 and 2013 in each of three sub-counties in Uganda: Nagongera in Tororo District (January–February), Walukuba in Jinja District (March–April), and Kihihi in Kanungu District (May–June). In each sub-county, 200 households were randomly enrolled and a household questionnaire capturing information on demographics, use of malaria prevention methods, and proxy indicators of wealth was administered to the head of the household. Finger-prick blood samples were obtained for RDTs, measurement of hemoglobin, thick and thin blood smears, and to store samples on filter paper. Results A total of 1200 households were surveyed and 4433 participants were included in the analysis. Compared to PCR, the sensitivity of microscopy was low (65.3 % in Nagongera, 49.6 % in Walukuba and 40.9 % in Kihihi) and decreased with increasing age. The specificity of microscopy was over 98 % at all sites and did not vary with age or year. Relative differences in parasite prevalence across different age groups, study sites, and years were similar for microscopy and PCR. The sensitivity of RDTs was similar across the three sites (range 77.2–82.8 %), was consistently higher than microscopy (p < 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons), and decreased with increasing age. The specificity of RDTs was lower than microscopy (76.3 % in Nagongera, 86.3 % in Walukuba, and 83.5 % in Kihihi) and varied significantly by year and age. Relative differences in parasite prevalence across age groups and study years differed for RDTs compared to microscopy and PCR. Conclusion Malaria prevalence estimates varied with diagnostic test, age, and transmission intensity. It is important to consider the effects of these parameters when designing and interpreting community-based surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaniter I Nankabirwa
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda. .,Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Adoke Yeka
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. .,Makerere University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Ruth Kigozi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Moses R Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. .,School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sarah G Staedke
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. .,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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