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Dai X, Wu X, Jiang J, Rong L. Modeling the impact of non-human host predation on the transmission of Chagas disease. Math Biosci 2024; 374:109230. [PMID: 38851529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the traditional transmission route via the biting-and-defecating process, non-human host predation of triatomines is recognized as another significant avenue for Chagas disease transmission. In this paper, we develop an eco-epidemiological model to investigate the impact of predation on the disease's spread. Two critical thresholds, Rvp (the basic reproduction number of triatomines) and R0p (the basic reproduction number of the Chagas parasite), are derived to delineate the model's dynamics. Through the construction of appropriate Lyapunov functions and the application of the Bendixson-Dulac theorem, the global asymptotic stabilities of the equilibria are fully established. The vector-free equilibrium E0 is globally stable when Rvp<1. E1, the disease-free equilibrium, is globally stable when Rvp>1 and R0p<1, while the endemic equilibrium E∗ is globally stable when both Rvp>1 and R0p>1. Numerical simulations highlight that the degree of host predation on triatomines, influenced by non-human hosts activities, can variably increase or decrease the Chagas disease transmission risk. Specifically, low or high levels of host predation can reduce R0p to below unity, while intermediate levels may increase the infected host populations, albeit with a reduction in R0p. These findings highlight the role played by non-human hosts and offer crucial insights for the prevention and control of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dai
- School of Science, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Wu
- School of Science, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China.
| | - Jiao Jiang
- School of Science, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Fiatsonu E, Busselman RE, Hamer GL, Hamer SA, Ndeffo-Mbah ML. Effectiveness of fluralaner treatment regimens for the control of canine Chagas disease: A mathematical modeling study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011084. [PMID: 36693084 PMCID: PMC9897538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect triatomine vectors known as kissing bugs. The agent can cause cardiac damage and long-term heart disease and death in humans, dogs, and other mammals. In laboratory settings, treatment of dogs with systemic insecticides has been shown to be highly efficacious at killing triatomines that feed on treated dogs. METHOD We developed compartmental vector-host models of T. cruzi transmission between the triatomine and dog population accounting for the impact of seasonality and triatomine migration on disease transmission dynamics. We considered a single vector-host model without seasonality, and model with seasonality, and a spatially coupled model. We used the models to evaluate the effectiveness of the insecticide fluralaner with different durations of treatment regimens for reducing T. cruzi infection in different transmission settings. RESULTS In low and medium transmission settings, our model showed a marginal difference between the 3-month and 6-month regimens for reducing T. cruzi infection among dogs. The difference increases in the presence of seasonality and triatomine migration from a sylvatic transmission setting. In high transmission settings, the 3-month regimen was substantially more effective in reducing T. cruzi infections in dogs than the other regimens. Our model showed that increased migration rate reduces fluralaner effectiveness in all treatment regimens, but the relative reduction in effectiveness is minimal during the first years of treatment. However, if an additional 10% or more of triatomines killed by dog treatment were eaten by dogs, treatment could increase T. cruzi infections in the dog population at least during the first year of treatment. CONCLUSION Our analysis shows that treating all peridomestic dogs every three to six months for at least five years could be an effective measure to reduce T. cruzi infections in dogs and triatomines in peridomestic transmission settings. However, further studies at the local scale are needed to better understand the potential impact of routine use of fluralaner treatment on increasing dogs' consumption of dead triatomines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem Fiatsonu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Busselman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Azizi A, Mubayi A, Mubayi A. Social Ecological Contexts and Alcohol Drinking Dynamics: An Application of the Survey Data-Driven Agent-Based Model for University Students. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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El Saadi N, Bah A, Mahdjoub T, Kribs C. On the sylvatic transmission of T. cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease: a view from an agent-based model. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dye-Braumuller KC, Gorchakov R, Gunter SM, Nielsen DH, Roachell WD, Wheless A, Debboun M, Murray KO, Nolan MS. Identification of Triatomines and Their Habitats in a Highly Developed Urban Environment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:265-273. [PMID: 30571182 PMCID: PMC6459272 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven triatomine species, the vector for Chagas disease, are endemic in the southern U.S. While traditionally thought to only occur in rural habitats and sylvatic transmission cycles, recent studies provide compounding evidence that triatomines could exist in urban habitats and domestic transmission cycles in Texas. We conducted a study of active and passive surveillance techniques over 3 years (2016-2018) in the City of Houston, Harris County, Texas to determine the presence of triatomines in this metroplex. Active surveillance methods uncovered Triatoma sanguisuga nymphs from two locations in downtown Houston city parks. We also documented the first Trypanosoma cruzi positive kissing bug collected in an urban environment of Harris County, Texas. Our findings provide evidence that triatomines can be found in heavily populated U.S. urban environments, and warrant public health support for expanded triatomine and Chagas disease surveillance in city settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodion Gorchakov
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah M. Gunter
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - David H. Nielsen
- Public Health Command Central, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Walter D. Roachell
- Public Health Command Central, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anna Wheless
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Mustapha Debboun
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Liu X, Mubayi A, Reinhold D, Zhu L. Approximation methods for analyzing multiscale stochastic vector-borne epidemic models. Math Biosci 2019; 309:42-65. [PMID: 30658089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic epidemic models, generally more realistic than deterministic counterparts, have often been seen too complex for rigorous mathematical analysis because of level of details it requires to comprehensively capture the dynamics of diseases. This problem further becomes intense when complexity of diseases increases as in the case of vector-borne diseases (VBD). The VBDs are human illnesses caused by pathogens transmitted among humans by intermediate species, which are primarily arthropods. In this study, a stochastic VBD model is developed and novel mathematical methods are described and evaluated to systematically analyze the model and understand its complex dynamics. The VBD model incorporates some relevant features of the VBD transmission process including demographical, ecological and social mechanisms, and different host and vector dynamic scales. The analysis is based on dimensional reductions and model simplifications via scaling limit theorems. The results suggest that the dynamics of the stochastic VBD depends on a threshold quantity R0, the initial size of infectives, and the type of scaling in terms of host population size. The quantity R0 for deterministic counterpart of the model is interpreted as a threshold condition for infection persistence as is mentioned in the literature for many infectious disease models. Different scalings yield different approximations of the model, and in particular, if vectors have much faster dynamics, the effect of the vector dynamics on the host population averages out, which largely reduces the dimension of the model. Specific scenarios are also studied using simulations for some fixed sets of parameters to draw conclusions on dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, United States.
| | - Anuj Mubayi
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Simon A. Levin Mathematical Computational and Modeling Science Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States.
| | - Dominik Reinhold
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States.
| | - Liu Zhu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, United States.
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Wormington JD, Gillum C, Meyers AC, Hamer GL, Hamer SA. Daily activity patterns of movement and refuge use in Triatoma gerstaeckeri and Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of the Chagas disease parasite. Acta Trop 2018; 185:301-306. [PMID: 29908170 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transmission risk for vector borne disease is greatest during periods of heightened vector activity. Triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), which transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, are generally considered nocturnal, but their patterns of activity in controlled settings have rarely been studied. We quantified activity patterns across a 24-hour period in nymphs of two triatomine species: (1) Triatoma gerstaeckeri Stål, a North American triatomine which is closely associated with sylvatic and peridomestic hosts, and (2) Rhodnius prolixus Stål, a Central and South American triatomine that thrives in the domestic environment. T. gerstaeckeri showed activity throughout the night, with peaks around midnight, 3:00, and again around dawn. Refuge use was highest in the pre-dawn hours then again after the dawn activity peak. We hypothesize that the dawn activity peak may represent a period of host seeking for this sylvatic species that targets nocturnal hosts returning to their home at dawn. In contrast, R. prolixus displayed high activity near 23:00 and again around noon. This study provides a baseline understanding of diel activity for future behavioral experiments and identifies periods of time that may represent the greatest risk of host exposure to triatomines and T. cruzi.
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Mesk M, Mahdjoub T, Gourbière S, Rabinovich JE, Menu F. Invasion speeds of Triatoma dimidiata, vector of Chagas disease: An application of orthogonal polynomials method. J Theor Biol 2016; 395:126-143. [PMID: 26807809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Demographic processes and spatial dispersal of Triatoma dimidiata, a triatomine species vector of Chagas disease, are modeled by integrodifference equations to estimate invasion capacity of this species under different ecological conditions. The application of the theory of orthogonal polynomials and the steepest descent method applied to these equations, allow a good approximation of the abundance of the adult female population and the invasion speed. We show that: (1) under the same mean conditions of demography and dispersal, periodic spatial dispersal results in an invasion speed 2.5 times larger than the invasion speed when spatial dispersal is continuous; (2) when the invasion speed of periodic spatial dispersal is correlated to adverse demographic conditions, it is 34.7% higher as compared to a periodic dispersal that is correlated to good demographic conditions. From our results we conclude, in terms of triatomine population control, that the invasive success of T. dimidiata may be most sensitive to the probability of transition from juvenile to adult stage. We discuss our main theoretical predictions in the light of observed data in different triatomines species found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mesk
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119 Imama (Pôle2), Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Tewfik Mahdjoub
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119 Imama (Pôle2), Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, EA 4218 ׳Institut de Modélisation et d׳Analyse en Géo-Environnements et Santé' (IMAGES), Perpignan 66100, France.
| | - Jorge E Rabinovich
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Frédéric Menu
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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