1
|
Jin H, Hong ST, Monteiro MAA, da Silva E, da Silva Viegas O, Dos Santos Lopes F, Kim DH, Kim SH. Molecular Confirmation of Taenia solium Taeniasis in Child, Timor-Leste. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1964-1967. [PMID: 39174025 PMCID: PMC11346990 DOI: 10.3201/eid3009.240238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Taenia solium taeniasis in a 10-year-old child in Timor-Leste, confirmed by molecular analysis, suggesting T. solium transmission to humans is occurring in Timor-Leste. Proactive measures are needed to improve public understanding of prevalence, geographic spread, and health implications of human taeniasis and cysticercosis in Timor-Leste.
Collapse
|
2
|
Phumrattanaprapin W, Tatiya-apiradee N, Jantaban P, Mahikul W. Assessment of knowledge and practices regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis in Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307240. [PMID: 39008473 PMCID: PMC11249257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taeniasis and cysticercosis are parasitic infections caused by Taenia spp., mainly transmitted through the consumption of undercooked pork. Prevention requires increasing knowledge and awareness, improving meat inspection and hygiene, and promoting safe food handling and sanitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice (KP) of residents in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, and its 11 subdistrict municipalities. Study participants were selected using a stratified random sampling design. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70) was used to collect socio-demographic information and assess knowledge and practices related to taeniasis and cysticercosis. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis. RESULTS Of the 360 survey respondents, 65.0% (n = 234) were women, 82.2% (n = 296) were aged under 60 years, 99.2% (n = 357) identified as Buddhist, 87.5% (n = 315) had less than a bachelor's degree education level, 54.2% (n = 195) had monthly family income ≥10,000 Thai baht, 10.6% (n = 38) were unemployed, and 26.1% (n = 93) lived in a town municipality. The survey revealed that 98.3% (n = 354) of participants were categorized as having less accurate knowledge and 83.6% (n = 301) were classified as more frequently engaging in correct prevention practices. Our study revealed that pig farmers (1.7%) occasionally permitted the pigs to forage freely. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge scores were positively associated with household income ≥10,000 Thai baht (βadj = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 2.36). Practice scores were negatively associated with age over 60 years (βadj = -1.77, 95% CI -3.14 to -0.40) and living in a subdistrict municipality (βadj = -2.58, 95% CI -3.77 to -1.39). There was no association between KP regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis in the population of Pak Chong. CONCLUSIONS Overall, participants' knowledge was lacking. Public education interventions are recommended to improve knowledge among residents with low socioeconomic status. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and educational programs in Pak Chong District, especially among elderly people in subdistrict municipalities, to improve practices for the prevention and control of these parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitima Tatiya-apiradee
- Program in Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rueda RG, Ospina RAK, Másmela LAO, López NG, Calambas AIO, Díaz LFN, Ippolito NGA, Fernández-Niño JA, Páez MCL. Knowledge and practices about taeniasis/cysticercosis complex within the framework of the national plan for its elimination in Colombia, 2019. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106907. [PMID: 36963599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex (TCC) belongs to the group of neglected infectious diseases with a multifactorial transmission that includes hosts such as humans and pigs of the parasitic tapeworm (Taenia solium) and environmental factors. This study represents the first phase of the National and Cross-sectoral Plan for TCC Elimination. OBJECTIVES To obtain data about knowledge and practices in relation to the TCC from knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys applied in two pilot localities for building a baseline of the potential risk factors related to identification, prevention, and control of TCC in Colombia. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey from October to November in 2019 was carried out using a structured questionnaire and random sampling by single-stage conglomerates in the municipalities of Mahates, Bolívar (n=152) (Atlantic Region) and Mercaderes, Cauca (n=152) (Andean Region). RESULTS Respondents in Mahates showed moderate knowledge about TCC compared to those in Mercaderes, however, risky practices were identified in both places (consumption of pork with cysts and defecation in places other than the bathroom or latrine). Deficiency in infrastructure and failure in basic services were observed as potential risk factors for TCC transmission in both municipalities. CONCLUSION Based on the framework of the National and Cross-sectoral Plan for TCC Elimination, adequate knowledge on identification, prevention, and control of the disease must be reinforced; cultural and ecological differences should be considered when designing communication and knowledge transmission tools. We consider that major investment should be made in improving basic services and creating sustainable modernized pig farming in Mahates and Mercaderes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia Gómez López
- Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes. Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Norman Giovanni Apráez Ippolito
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Secretaría Departamental de Salud del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Zhang L. Taenia solium taeniasis and Cysticercosis Prevalence and Control Practice in China. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important global food-borne zoonosis transmitted between humans and pigs. In China, the prevalence of Theridion solium taeniasis/cysticercosis has been marked decline in recent decades based on the data revealed by both national surveys and field prevalence investigations. Health education and promotion, meat inspection, and chemotherapy are unquestionably the main control measures for diseases. It is worth noting that a variety of socio-ecological variables have been identified in the process of controlling T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis. It has become difficult for pigs to come into direct or indirect contact with or consume human excreta as pig farming practices have been shifted from traditional backyard farms to large-scale commercial pig raising systems that are still in progress. The human toilet revolution in rural areas of China has ensured hygienic separation of human excreta from contact, and thereby preventing human excreta from polluting the soil, feeds, and water. These two important fundamental preventive measures are crucial to establishing an environmental restriction between humans and pigs cannot be overlooked for interrupting or limiting T. solium transmission. In this chapter, we reviewed the epidemiology, traditional measures, and ecological determinants that significantly contributed to the dramatic decline of taeniasis/cysticercosis in China.
Collapse
|
5
|
Larkins A, Keatley S, Insisiengmay B, Phetsouvanh R, Bruce M, Ash A. The challenges of detecting Taenia solium and neurocysticercosis in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review of Lao People's Democratic Republic. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:344-356. [PMID: 36898844 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Taenia solium is a tapeworm of global importance due to the burden of disease associated with human epilepsy caused by neurocysticercosis. Unfortunately, diagnostic challenges impede control efforts in many low and middle-income countries. This review examines publications concerning Taenia species in the Lao PDR with a focus on T. solium to inform future research and control programmes. METHODS PubMed and Scopus databases were primary sources of evidence. Publications must have reported taeniasis or T. solium results from Lao PDR. Publications repeating results or samples were combined into unique projects. RESULTS A total of 64 publications were included and summarised into 46 projects. The majority of projects applied faecal microscopy as their only diagnostic technique. As a result, the specific species of Taenia was often not determined. Only five projects used molecular techniques to identify the species observed. Only case report of neurocysticercosis has been published. The northern region was included in half the number of projects compared to the south, despite being a high-risk area T. solium. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic challenge of determining the species of Taenia present in a faecal sample presents a significant limitation to the control of T. solium in Lao PDR and is an experience that is relevant to many other low and middle-income countries. There must be an improved understanding of the distribution and frequency of T. solium if disease control efforts are to be intensified to reduce the burden of neurocysticercosis, as encouraged by WHO and others. It is hoped that this can be achieved through non-biological risk mapping tools and the more frequent application of molecular tools to routine sample collection. Diagnostic tools that are applicable to low resource settings should be a priority area of research for T. solium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Larkins
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Keatley
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Mieghan Bruce
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Ash
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Review of cysticercosis of maxillofacial region and report of two cases. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e760-e769. [PMID: 35858657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, which very rarely manifests in the maxillofacial region. It usually presents as a painless swelling. The most common site for maxillofacial cysticercosis are the tongue and lips. When humans accidently ingest the eggs of Taenia solium, they become the intermediate host, a role which is typically played by pig. This paper describes two cases of cysticercosis cellulosae, presenting as non-tender swelling of left buccal mucosa and left temporalis region respectively. Case reports available on PubMed were searched and a review was performed. Excision of cystic lesion was the treatment modality in majority of published reports. It is emphasised that cysticercosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of solitary painless swellings of oral and maxillofacial region, especially in patients from an endemic region.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sitali MC, Schmidt V, Mwenda R, Sikasunge CS, Mwape KE, Simuunza MC, da Costa CP, Winkler AS, Phiri IK. Experimental animal models and their use in understanding cysticercosis: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271232. [PMID: 35853079 PMCID: PMC9295976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis (NCC) can be studied using several animal species in experimental models which contributes to the understanding of the human form of the disease. Experimental infections of Taenia spp. are vital in explaining the modes of transmission of the parasite and helps the understanding of transmission of the parasite in humans and thus may be useful in designing therapeutic and immune-prophylactic studies to combat the disease. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the existing experimental animal models to the understanding of cysticercosis in both humans and animals and elucidate the risk factors of cysticercosis and identify the Taenia spp. used in these models. METHODOLOGY We systematically identified all publications from the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Pubmed regarding experimental animal models using Taenia spp. that cause cysticercosis in both humans and animals. 58 studies were identified for eligibility. Of these, only 48 studies met the inclusion criteria from which data extraction was done and presented descriptively. RESULTS Pigs, cattle, gerbils, mice, rats, voles, monkeys, cats, dogs, and goats were used in which T. solium, T. saginata, T. saginata asiatica, T. crassiceps and T. asiatica were studied. The routes used to induce disease were; oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracranial, intraduodenal, and surgical routes using eggs, oncospheres, and proglottids. Besides, the establishment of infection using eggs and oncospheres was affected by the route used to induce infection in the experimental animals. The cysticerci recovery rate in all the experimental studies was low and the number of animals used in these experiments varied from 1 to 84. Although not analysed statistically, sex, age, and breed of animals influenced the cysticerci recovery rate. Additionally, the cysticerci recovery rate and antibody-antigen levels were shown to increase with an increase in the dose of oncospheres and eggs inoculated in the animals. Contrasting results were reported in which the cysticerci recovery rate decreased with an increase in the dose of eggs inoculated. CONCLUSION This review describes the various animal experiments using Taenia species that cause cysticercosis highlighting the animals used, age and their breed, the routes of infection used to induce disease and the sample size used, and the cysticerci recovery rate in these animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muloongo C. Sitali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Racheal Mwenda
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chummy S. Sikasunge
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kabemba E. Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin C. Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Clarissa P. da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea S. Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Global Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isaac K. Phiri
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahantamalala A, Rakotoarison RL, Rakotomalala E, Rakotondrazaka M, Kiernan J, Castle PM, Hakami L, Choi K, Rafalimanantsoa AS, Harimanana A, Wright P, Grandjean Lapierre S, Schoenhals M, Small PM, Marcos LA, Vigan-Womas I. Prevalence and factors associated with human Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis in twelve remote villages of Ranomafana rainforest, Madagascar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010265. [PMID: 35404983 PMCID: PMC9064101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with the tapeworm Taenia solium (taeniosis and cysticercosis) are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) highly endemic in Madagascar. These infections are however underdiagnosed, underreported and their burden at the community level remains unknown especially in rural remote settings. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of T. solium infections and associated risk factors in twelve remote villages surrounding Ranomafana National Park (RNP), Ifanadiana District, Madagascar. Methodology A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2016. Stool and serum samples were collected from participants. Tapeworm carriers were identified by stool examination. Taenia species and T. solium genotypes were characterised by PCR and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Detection of specific anti-cysticercal antibodies (IgG) or circulating cysticercal antigens was performed by ELISA or EITB/Western blot assays. Principal findings Of the 459 participants with paired stool and blood samples included ten participants from seven distinct villages harbored Taenia spp. eggs in their stools samples DNA sequencing of the cox1 gene revealed a majority of T. solium Asian genotype (9/10) carriage. The overall seroprevalences of anti-cysticercal IgGs detected by ELISA and EITB were quite similar (27.5% and 29.8% respectively). A prevalence rate of 12.4% of circulating cysticercal antigens was observed reflecting cysticercosis with viable cysts. Open defecation (Odds Ratio, OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.3) and promiscuity with households of more than 4 people (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1) seem to be the main risk factors associated with anticysticercal antibodies detection. Being over 15 years of age would be a risk factor associated with an active cysticercosis (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.7). Females (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) and use of river as house water source (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–1.5) were less likely to have cysticercosis with viable cysts. Conclusions/Significance This study indicates a high exposure of the investigated population to T. solium infections with a high prevalence of cysticercosis with viable cysts. These data can be useful to strengthen public health interventions in these remote settings. Taenia solium infections in humans (taeniosis and neurocysticercosis) and in pigs (cysticercosis) are endemic in Madagascar presenting a significant public health burden. Neurocysticercosis with localization of the parasite in the Central Nervous System is the most severe and frequent form of parasitic brain diseases in humans and responsible of thousands of worldwide deaths per year. Madagascar is a T. solium endemic country where poor sanitation, free roaming pigs and outdoor defecation are common, and maintain the parasite transmission cycle. Little information is available regarding taeniosis/cysticercosis epidemiology in Madagascar. We carried out a community-based study to investigate the prevalence of human taeniosis/cysticercosis and associated risk factors in 12 rural remote villages of Ranomafana and Kelilalina townships (Ifanadiana district, Madagascar). Our results reveal that in 7/12 villages investigated, a high number of participants had teaniosis. Moreover, a high number of active cysticercosis cases were detected. Open defecation and promiscuity were seemed to be the main risk factors associated to T. solium infections. The results of this study will be useful to guide interventions in these remote settings surrounding the Ranomafana National Park.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjanirina Rahantamalala
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Emma Rakotomalala
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Jaydon Kiernan
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Castle
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lee Hakami
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Koeun Choi
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Aina Harimanana
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Patricia Wright
- Centre ValBio, Ranomafana, Ifanadiana, Madagascar
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthieu Schoenhals
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Peter M. Small
- Centre ValBio, Ranomafana, Ifanadiana, Madagascar
- Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Marcos
- Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Acosta Soto L, Parker LA, Irisarri-Gutiérrez MJ, Bustos JA, Castillo Y, Perez E, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG, García HH, Bornay-Llinares FJ. Evidence for Transmission of Taenia solium Taeniasis/Cysticercosis in a Rural Area of Northern Rwanda. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:645076. [PMID: 33959651 PMCID: PMC8093440 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the metacestode larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. In humans, cysticercosis may infect the central nervous system and cause neurocysticercosis, which is responsible for over 50,000 deaths per year worldwide and is the major cause of preventable epilepsy cases, especially in low-income countries. Cysticercosis infection is endemic in many less developed countries where poor hygiene conditions and free-range pig management favor their transmission. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 children from a rural primary school in Gakenke district (Northern province of Rwanda). Stool samples were collected from participants and analyzed using the Kato-Katz method (KK), formol-ether concentration (FEC), and/or copro-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CoAg-ELISA) to detect taeniasis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) to detect human cysticercosis. The overall proportion of taeniasis positivity was 0.3% (2/680), and both cases were also confirmed by CoAg-ELISA. A total of 13.3% (76/572) of the children studied were positive to cysticercosis (T. solium-specific serum antibodies detected by EITB), of whom 38.0% (27/71) had viable cysticercus (T. solium antigens by Ag-ELISA). This study provides evidence of the highest cysticercosis prevalence reported in Rwanda in children to date. Systematic investigations into porcine and human cysticercosis as well as health education and hygiene measures for T. solium control are needed in Gakenke district.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Acosta Soto
- Área de Parasitología del Departamento de Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucy Anne Parker
- Departamento de Salud Pública Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Irisarri-Gutiérrez
- Área de Parasitología, Dpto. Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Dpto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arturo Bustos
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Yesenia Castillo
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Erika Perez
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Dpto. Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Dpto. Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Héctor Hugo García
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Jorge Bornay-Llinares
- Área de Parasitología del Departamento de Agroquímica y Medioambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eichenberger RM, Thomas LF, Gabriël S, Bobić B, Devleesschauwer B, Robertson LJ, Saratsis A, Torgerson PR, Braae UC, Dermauw V, Dorny P. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in East, Southeast and South Asia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:234. [PMID: 32381027 PMCID: PMC7206752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia saginata is an important zoonotic parasite, causing taeniosis in humans and cysticercosis in bovines, the latter being a significant concern for the global beef industry. Many countries in East, Southeast and South Asia are experiencing rapid economic growth, and an increasing number of people in these countries are dependent on the livestock industry. Currently, however, an overview of the prevalence of T. saginata in this region is lacking. In this review, we analysed the available literature on T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis for East, Southeast and South Asia. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, based on both published and grey literature. Articles published between 1990 and 2017 were mined for information on the occurrence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in East, Southeast and South Asia. RESULTS The presence of T. saginata was described in 15 of 27 countries of the region, including Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. The only country that reported an absence of T. saginata is Japan, although sporadic reports of imported cases and unconfirmed reports of autochthonous infections were identified. Nationwide surveys of taeniosis with systematic sample collection and high sample numbers were available for Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, and South Korea, although speciation of Taenia was not always performed. Regional prevalence of taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in endemic regions ranged between 0.02-42.6%, and 0.76-46.7%, respectively. However, data for bovine cysticercosis were only available for five countries (Japan, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Pakistan and Vietnam). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate a widespread occurrence of T. saginata throughout East, Southeast and South Asia. Identification of Taenia spp. in human infections was frequently not performed, leading to gaps in knowledge about the distribution of human tapeworm infections, mainly in regions where different human Taenia species co-occur. A high prevalence of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis may reflect insufficiencies in sanitation, limited health education standards, and insufficient food safety measures. Therefore, there is a need to improve local surveillance, notification, and overall control systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Branco Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food– and Vector–borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, Greece
| | - Paul R. Torgerson
- Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uffe C. Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Betson M, Alonte AJI, Ancog RC, Aquino AMO, Belizario VY, Bordado AMD, Clark J, Corales MCG, Dacuma MG, Divina BP, Dixon MA, Gourley SA, Jimenez JRD, Jones BP, Manalo SMP, Prada JM, van Vliet AHM, Whatley KCL, Paller VGV. Zoonotic transmission of intestinal helminths in southeast Asia: Implications for control and elimination. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 108:47-131. [PMID: 32291086 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminths are extremely widespread and highly prevalent infections of humans, particularly in rural and poor urban areas of low and middle-income countries. These parasites have chronic and often insidious effects on human health and child development including abdominal problems, anaemia, stunting and wasting. Certain animals play a fundamental role in the transmission of many intestinal helminths to humans. However, the contribution of zoonotic transmission to the overall burden of human intestinal helminth infection and the relative importance of different animal reservoirs remains incomplete. Moreover, control programmes and transmission models for intestinal helminths often do not consider the role of zoonotic reservoirs of infection. Such reservoirs will become increasingly important as control is scaled up and there is a move towards interruption and even elimination of parasite transmission. With a focus on southeast Asia, and the Philippines in particular, this review summarises the major zoonotic intestinal helminths, risk factors for infection and highlights knowledge gaps related to their epidemiology and transmission. Various methodologies are discussed, including parasite genomics, mathematical modelling and socio-economic analysis, that could be employed to improve understanding of intestinal helminth spread, reservoir attribution and the burden associated with infection, as well as assess effectiveness of interventions. For sustainable control and ultimately elimination of intestinal helminths, there is a need to move beyond scheduled mass deworming and to consider animal and environmental reservoirs. A One Health approach to control of intestinal helminths is proposed, integrating interventions targeting humans, animals and the environment, including improved access to water, hygiene and sanitation. This will require coordination and collaboration across different sectors to achieve best health outcomes for all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Betson
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Rico C Ancog
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Clark
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Billy P Divina
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Ben P Jones
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ito A, Li T, Wandra T, Dekumyoy P, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, Budke CM. Taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia: A review with emphasis on molecular approaches and local lifestyles. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105075. [PMID: 31295430 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taeniasis is an important parasitic condition in Asia, especially since all three human-infecting Taenia spp., Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Taenia asiatica are found in this region. These three species are believed to be sympatrically distributed, with the largest disease burden found in remote and rural areas where people raise pigs and cattle in a traditional manner. Recent studies revealed that T. asiatica and T. saginata are genetically-related sister species that are not completely reproductively isolated from each other. Current evidence indicates that most T. asiatica adult worms are hybrid-derived descendants. Moving forward, nuclear DNA analysis will be critical in further assessing the species circulating locally. Lifestyle choices, such as the consumption of undercooked meat, are important in maintaining the life cycles of these parasites. In addition, poor hygiene and sanitation, in highly endemic areas, make disease control difficult, resulting in the need for sustainable education programs. An overview of the present situation of taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia is provided, followed by a discussion of molecular approaches to species assessment and the impact of human lifestyles on parasite transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology and Laboratory of NTDs, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| | - Tiaoying Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Toni Wandra
- Directorate of Postgraduate, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tetsuya Yanagida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Munehiro Okamoto
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Christine M Budke
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee J, Ryu JS. Current Status of Parasite Infections in Indonesia: A Literature Review. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:329-339. [PMID: 31533400 PMCID: PMC6753303 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Indonesia and South Korea have become inseparable in various respects since the 2 countries established diplomatic relation in 1973. Indonesia is a tropical region that stretches across the equator, comprised of 5 main islands (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua) and 4 archipelagoes (Riau, Bangka Belitung, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku). As most population of Eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Papua and Nusa Tenggara & Maluku) live in poor areas, it is expected that there will be many parasites. Nevertheless, little is known about the status of parasites in Indonesia. This study examines the prevalences of malaria and lymphatic filaria, which are prevalent in Indonesia, as well as those of soil-transmitted-helminths (STH). As a result, the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax case loads are almost equal. The current prevalence of P. vivax is uniformly low (<5%) in all age groups and annual parasite incidence (API) showed decreasing tendency as 0.84 per 1,000 population in 2016. However, more than 65 million people still live in malaria epidemic regions. Lymphatic filariasis remains an important public health problem and 236 cities were classified as endemic areas in 514 cities/districts in 2017. It is difficult to ascertain the current prevalence rate of STH in Indonesia, although West Sumba and Southwest Sumba in East Nusa Tenggara reported prevalence rate of more than 20%. The study also considers the (sero) prevalences of other parasites identified in Indonesia. This report should be useful not only to parasitologists but also to travelers and people with business in Indonesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Lee
- Department of Malay-Indonesian Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mubanga C, Mwape KE, Phiri IK, Trevisan C, Zulu G, Chabala C, van Damme I, Schmidt V, Dorny P, Gabriël S. Progress on the development of rapid diagnostic tests for foodborne neglected zoonotic helminthiases: A systematic review. Acta Trop 2019; 194:135-147. [PMID: 30946810 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodborne Neglected Zoonotic Helminths (FNZH) are parasites of both economic and public health importance. They include Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, Echinococcus multilocularis and Foodborne trematodes (FBT). FNZH are earmarked for major interventions for control, elimination and eradication. This systematic review highlights the progress towards development of rapid tests for the diagnosis of FNZH since 2010 when they were listed as neglected tropical diseases. METHODOLOGY A systematic search was conducted in three databases, World of Science, Embase and PubMed using the same search phrase. The search produced 480 hits. Three studies from back referencing were included. Only 22 of these met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from these and presented qualitatively. RESULTS Twenty-five rapid diagnostic tests were found to have been developed since 2010, eight for diagnosis of T. solium infections, eight for echinococcosis and nine for FBT infections. The rapid tests for diagnosing T. solium infections included six antibody detecting and two antigen detecting tests. They constitute a combination among them, with some tests providing qualitative, others quantitative results. Similarly, seven out of the eight rapid tests developed for Echinococcus infections were antibody detecting tests save for one loop mediated isothermal amplification test. All of them were qualitative tests. For FBT infections, nine rapid tests were described; two antibody and one nucleic acid detecting test for diagnosis of Fascioliasis; three nucleic acid detecting tests for Opisthorchiasis; one antibody detecting test for Paragonimiasis; and for Clonorchiasis, one antibody and one nucleic acid detecting test. The FBT infection rapid tests were all qualitative in nature. Most of these tests have not undergone field evaluation in endemic areas where they will be used most. CONCLUSION This review describes the development and evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests, while highlighting the need for in depth validations of the tools to determine how well they can perform in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chishimba Mubanga
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Kabemba E Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Isaac K Phiri
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gideon Zulu
- Provincial Medical Office, Ministry of Health, Kasama, Zambia
| | - Chishala Chabala
- Children's Hospital, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Inge van Damme
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou H, Wang Q, Zhou J, Li T, Medina A, Felt SA, Rozelle S, Openshaw JJ. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Cysticercosis in School-Aged Children in Tibetan Rural Farming Areas of Western China: Implications for Intervention Planning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050780. [PMID: 30836642 PMCID: PMC6427563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) significantly contributes to morbidity in developing countries. We recently published a study of prevalence and risk factors in school-aged children in three mountainous areas in Sichuan province of western China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) on data from that study to guide intervention planning, here we examine risk factors grouped into three broad interventional categories: sociodemographics, human behavior, and sources of pork and pig husbandry. Because neuroimaging is not easily available, using SEM allows for the use of multiple observed variables (serological tests and symptoms) to represent probable NCC cases. Data collected from 2608 students was included in this analysis. Within this group, seroprevalence of cysticercosis IgG antibodies was 5.4%. SEM results showed that sociodemographic factors (β = 0.33, p < 0.05), sources of pork and pig husbandry (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and behavioral factors (β = 0.33, p < 0.05) were all directly related to probable NCC in school-aged children. Sociodemographic factors affected probable NCC indirectly via sources of pork and pig husbandry factors (β = 0.07, p < 0.001) and behavioral variables (β = 0.07, p < 0.001). Both sociodemographic factors (β = 0.07, p < 0.05) and sources of pork and pig husbandry factors (β = 0.10, p < 0.01) affected probable NCC indirectly via behavioral variables. Because behavioral variables not only had a large direct effect but also served as a critical bridge to strengthen the effect of sociodemographics and sources of pork and pig husbandry on probable NCC, our findings suggest that interventions targeting behavioral factors may be the most effective in reducing disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tiaoying Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Alexis Medina
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Stephen A Felt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - John J Openshaw
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Braae UC, Hung NM, Satrija F, Khieu V, Zhou XN, Willingham AL. Porcine cysticercosis (Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica): mapping occurrence and areas potentially at risk in East and Southeast Asia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:613. [PMID: 30497522 PMCID: PMC6267083 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the relative short life span and the limited spatial movement, porcine cysticercosis is an excellent indicator of current local active transmission. The aim of this study was to map at province-level, the occurrence of T. solium and T. asiatica in pigs and areas at risk of transmission to pigs in East and Southeast Asia, based on the density of extensive pig production systems and confirmed reports of porcine cysticercosis. Methods This study covered East and Southeast Asia, which consist of the following countries: Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. Literature searches were carried out to identify current epidemiological data on the occurrence of porcine cysticercosis caused by T. solium and T. asiatica infections. Modelled densities of pigs in extensive production systems were mapped and compared to available data on porcine cysticercosis. Results Porcine cysticercosis was confirmed to be present during the period 2000 to 2018 in eight out of the 16 countries included in this study. Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis was confirmed from all eight countries, whereas only one country (Laos) could confirm the presence of T. asiatica porcine cysticercosis. Province-level occurrence was identified in five countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam) across 19 provinces. Smallholder pig keeping is believed to be widely distributed throughout the region, with greater densities predicted to occur in areas of China, Myanmar, Philippines and Vietnam. Conclusions The discrepancies between countries reporting taeniosis and the occurrence of porcine cysticercosis, both for T. solium and T. asiatica, suggests that both parasites are underreported. More epidemiological surveys are needed to determine the societal burden of both parasites. This study highlights a straightforward approach to determine areas at risk of porcine cysticercosis in the absence of prevalence data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3203-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Christian Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Nguyen Manh Hung
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fadjar Satrija
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Virak Khieu
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Osorio R, Carrillo-Mezo R, Romo ML, Toledo A, Matus C, González-Hernández I, Jung H, Fleury A. Factors Associated With Cysticidal Treatment Response in Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 59:548-556. [PMID: 30476351 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis is the most severe form of cysticercosis, and response to treatment is suboptimal. We sought to determine how demographic and clinical characteristics and albendazole sulfoxide concentrations were related to cysticidal treatment response. We conducted a longitudinal study of 31 participants with extraparenchymal vesicular parasites who received the same treatment, albendazole 30 mg/kg/day for 10 days with dexamethasone 0.4 mg/kg/day for 13 days, followed by a prednisone taper. Response to treatment was determined by parasite volumes before and 6 months after treatment. Eight participants (25.8%) had a complete treatment response, 16 (51.6%) had a treatment response > 50% but < 100%, and 7 (22.6%) had a treatment response < 50%. Complete treatment response was significantly associated with higher concentrations of albendazole sulfoxide (P = .032), younger age (P = .032), fewer cysts (P = .049) and lower pretreatment parasite volume (P = .037). Higher number of previous cysticidal treatment courses was associated with a noncomplete treatment response (P = .023). Although the large proportion of participants with less than a complete response emphasizes the need to develop more efficacious pharmacologic regimens, the association of albendazole sulfoxide concentrations with treatment response highlights the importance of optimizing existing therapeutic regimens. In addition, the association of treatment response with parasite volume emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Osorio
- Neuroinflammation Unit, IIBM-UNAM/INNN/Facultad de Medicina- UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.,Neurocysticercosis Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roger Carrillo-Mezo
- Neuroradiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Matthew L Romo
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Andrea Toledo
- Neuroinflammation Unit, IIBM-UNAM/INNN/Facultad de Medicina- UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Matus
- Neuroinflammation Unit, IIBM-UNAM/INNN/Facultad de Medicina- UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.,Neurocysticercosis Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Iliana González-Hernández
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Helgi Jung
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Agnès Fleury
- Neuroinflammation Unit, IIBM-UNAM/INNN/Facultad de Medicina- UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.,Neurocysticercosis Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kalladka M, Navaneetham A, Eliav E, Khan J, Heir G, Mupparapu M. Presentation of cysticercosis of the lateral pterygoid muscle as temporomandibular disorder: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018; 18:377-383. [PMID: 30449967 PMCID: PMC6180738 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_129_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain can often be the chief complaint of many systemic disorders. Cysticercosis involving the lateral pterygoids may cause limitation of mouth opening and may mimic clinical symptoms of a temporomandibular disorder. A 37-year-old female presented with 1-month-old complaint of limited mandibular range of motion. She reported a similar episode a year earlier and was diagnosed with a temporomandibular joint disorder by her primary dentist. Comprehensive intra- and extra-oral examinations were performed, which revealed a limitation of mouth opening accompanied by mild limitation of contralateral excursion. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed a ring-enhancing lesion within the left pterygoid muscle suggestive of cysticercosis. The patient was referred to her primary care physician for further treatment and given physical therapy (stretching exercises) to improve mouth opening. One week later, she developed lesions in the arm and trunk. Further ultrasound imaging of the abdomen and the forearms confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. She was treated with albendazole, physiotherapy, joint stabilization appliance, and had eventual complete recovery. This case emphasizes the importance of diagnosis of a systemic condition that may have serious implications, if untreated, and the importance of a comprehensive evaluation, workup, and multidisciplinary management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Kalladka
- Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anuradha Navaneetham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Eli Eliav
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Junad Khan
- Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gary Heir
- Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA
| | - Mel Mupparapu
- Division of Radiology, Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Toledo A, Osorio R, Matus C, Martinez Lopez Y, Ramirez Cruz N, Sciutto E, Fragoso G, Arauz A, Carrillo-Mezo R, Fleury A. Human Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis: The Control of Inflammation Favors the Host…but Also the Parasite. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2652. [PMID: 30505305 PMCID: PMC6250850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toledo
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rocio Osorio
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Matus
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Martinez Lopez
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nancy Ramirez Cruz
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Arauz
- Clínica de Enfermedad Vascular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roger Carrillo-Mezo
- Departamento de Neurorradiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Agnès Fleury
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Clínica de Neurocisticercosis, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parasitic infections in relation to practices and knowledge in a rural village in Northern Thailand with emphasis on fish-borne trematode infection. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 147:e45. [PMID: 30428954 PMCID: PMC6518572 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study integrates several aspects of a parasitological survey in a rural community village combining community knowledge of parasites, their potential transmission routes and health risk factors. A rural community located in Northern Thailand was surveyed for intestinal parasites, and an overall prevalence of 45.2% for helminths and 4.8% for protozoan infections was identified. Socio-demographic characteristics, customs and perceptions were compiled using individual questionnaires and interviews for participants surveyed for parasitic screening. The results allowed us to determine the knowledge and perception of local people concerning helminthic infection and transmission. Despite the fact that the participants in this community were aware of parasitic transmission routes, their widespread custom of eating raw fish and meat render the reduction of helminthiasis difficult. A detailed study on the infection of fish-borne parasitic trematodes, the most prevalent helminth, allowed us to determine that the distance from a given household to the river is a determinant of infection intensity. Health education activities organised in the local community resulted in a change in perception of risks associated with parasite transmission.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ng-Nguyen D, Stevenson MA, Breen K, Phan TV, Nguyen VAT, Vo TV, Traub RJ. The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:527. [PMID: 30348095 PMCID: PMC6198533 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam is endemic for taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis. Despite this, information on the epidemiological characteristics of the diseases in the Central Highlands of Vietnam are poorly described. The aims of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis (Taenia spp.) and T. solium cysticerci exposure in humans in Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands, Vietnam. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in six villages in three districts of Dak Lak. A total of 190 households were visited. From each household, between one and five individuals were asked to donate a single faecal and blood sample and respond to a questionnaire. Serum samples were subjected to lentil lectin purified glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay to detect antibodies against T. solium cysticerci. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect Taenia spp. infection in faecal samples. A fixed-effects logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with the probability of Taenia spp. infection or T. solium cysticerci exposure risk. The contribution of each of identified factor was quantified using population attributable fractions. RESULTS The prevalence of seroexposure to T. solium in Dak Lak was 5% (95% CI 3% to 8%). Consumption of raw vegetables, sourcing drinking water from lakes, streams or ponds and the practice of outdoor defaecation were identified as primary risk factors for the prevalence of T. solium cysticerci exposure, while consuming undercooked pork and beef, pork tongue and observing Taenia proglottids in stool were associated with Taenia spp. infection. Consumption of raw vegetables attributed to 74% of T. solium cysticerci exposure-positive cases and consumption of undercooked beef attributed to 77% of taeniasis cases in these communities. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of T. solium seroexposure in Dak Lak is consistent with those reported in other regions of Vietnam. The identified risk factors associated with the prevalence of T. solium seroexposure and taeniasis infection in Dak Lak are modifiable and thus advocate for targeted community intervention programs to mitigating these risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Ng-Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam.
| | - Mark Anthony Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kathleen Breen
- Department of Livestock, Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Trong Van Phan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Van-Anh Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Tinh Van Vo
- Department of Physiology, Pathology and Immunology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Rebecca Justine Traub
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Co-occurrence of swine cysticercosis due to Taenia solium and Taenia hydatigena in ethnic minority villages at the Thai-Myanmar border. J Helminthol 2018; 93:681-689. [PMID: 30149813 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x18000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As part of the international joint projects working towards the control of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Asia Pacific, epidemiological studies on Taenia solium cysticercosis have been carried out in high-incidence populations, such as minority groups in Thailand. To assess the epidemiology of cysticercotic infections in pigs in the hill-tribe minority villages (Karen) in Tak province, Thailand, we conducted serological screening and necropsies. The patterns of antibody response to T. solium antigens were then investigated using immunoblot assays. Of the 188 pig serum samples tested for antibody responses to partially purified low-molecular-weight antigens of T. solium cyst fluid, positive responses were detected in 37 samples (19.7%). Based on these results, 16 pigs (10 seropositive and 6 seronegative) were necropsied for investigation of cysticerci and intestinal parasites. All seropositive pigs were coinfected with both T. solium and Taenia hydatigena cysticerci, except one, which was infected with T. hydatigena alone. Three of the six seronegative pigs were confirmed to be infected with T. hydatigena. Pigs infected with T. solium showed much stronger antibody responses than those infected with T. hydatigena. Our results demonstrate the co-occurrence of two swine cysticercoses due to T. solium and T. hydatigena in the studied areas. This study also reveals the importance of direct confirmation of the presence of cysticerci by necropsy after serological screening. In addition to the prevalence of swine cysticercosis in these endemic areas, our findings also reveal potential implications for the development of serological diagnostic assays for swine cysticercosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Openshaw JJ, Medina A, Felt SA, Li T, Huan Z, Rozelle S, Luby SP. Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in school-aged children: A school based study in western Sichuan, People's Republic of China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006465. [PMID: 29738570 PMCID: PMC5959190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taenia solium cysticercosis affects millions of impoverished people worldwide and can cause neurocysticercosis, an infection of the central nervous system which is potentially fatal. Children may represent an especially vulnerable population to neurocysticercosis, due to the risk of cognitive impairment during formative school years. While previous epidemiologic studies have suggested high prevalence in rural China, the prevalence in children as well as risk factors and impact of disease in low-resource areas remain poorly characterized. Methodology/Principal findings Utilizing school based sampling, we conducted a cross-sectional study, administering a questionnaire and collecting blood for T. solium cysticercosis antibodies in 2867 fifth and sixth grade students across 27 schools in west Sichuan. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models controlling for school-level clustering to study associations between risk factors and to characterize factors influencing the administration of deworming medication. Overall prevalence of cysticercosis antibodies was 6%, but prevalence was significantly higher in three schools which all had prevalences of 15% or higher. Students from households owning pigs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% CI 1.08–3.03), from households reporting feeding their pigs human feces (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.16), and self-reporting worms in their feces (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.18–2.91) were more likely to have cysticercosis IgG antibodies. Students attending high prevalence schools were more likely to come from households allowing pigs to freely forage for food (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.72–2.98) and lacking a toilet (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.38–2.46). Children who were boarding at school were less likely to have received treatment for gastrointestinal worms (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42–0.80). Conclusions/Significance Our study indicates high prevalences of cysticercosis antibodies in young school aged children in rural China. While further studies to assess potential for school-based transmission are needed, school-based disease control may be an important intervention to ensure the health of vulnerable pediatric populations in T. solium endemic areas. The zoonotic tapeworm, Taenia solium, affects millions of impoverished people worldwide and can cause neurocysticercosis (NCC), an infection of the central nervous system which is potentially fatal. Hypothetically, children may be a vulnerable population to infection as neurological problems and cognitive impairment caused by NCC during formative school years may lead to poor academic performance, contributing to drop-out rates and, eventually, propagating cycles of poverty. We carried out a school-based study of T. solium cysticerosis in primary school-aged children in rural western Sichuan. Our results indicate high levels of T. solium exposure in young school-aged children in rural China. While further studies to assess disease transmission within schools are needed, school-based disease control may be an important intervention to ensure the health of pediatric populations at risk for infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Openshaw
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexis Medina
- Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Felt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Tiaoying Li
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhou Huan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Luby
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Trevisan C, Devleesschauwer B, Praet N, Pondja A, Assane YA, Dorny P, Thamsborg SM, Magnussen P, Johansen MV. Assessment of the societal cost of Taenia solium in Angónia district, Mozambique. BMC Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29534702 PMCID: PMC5850967 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The zoonotic parasite Taenia solium is endemic in Angónia district, Tete province, Mozambique, though the burden of the disease complex is unknown. Methods As part of two cross-sectional studies on human and porcine cysticercosis in the area, unique epidemiological and cost data were collected in Angónia district, Mozambique in 2007. These data provided the basis for the assessment of the societal cost of T. solium in the district, which estimates the impact of the disease on human and pig populations and includes both health and economic approaches in the analysis. Results Approximately 0.7% (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI), 0.4–0.9) and 0.4% (95% UI, 0.2–0.6) of the total population in the district was estimated to suffer from neurocysticercosis (NCC)-associated epilepsy and headache. The estimated average number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to NCC-associated epilepsy and headache was 6 (95% UI, 4–8) per thousand persons per year. The total annual costs due to T. solium cysticercosis were estimated at 90,000 USD (95% UI, 39,483–201,463) of which 72% (95% UI, 45–91) were costs linked to human cysticercosis and 28% (95% UI, 9.5–55) to pig production losses. The annual economic burden per NCC-associated epilepsy case in the district amounted to 33 USD (95% UI, 10–76). Conclusions In this highly endemic area of Mozambique a large number of individuals suffer from symptoms associated with NCC. Healthy years of life are lost and people are left living with disabilities. Infected pork poses a serious risk to the community and affects the economy of smallholder farmers. Cost for treatment and hospitalization of patients with NCC-associated epilepsy, and lack of productivity and inability of suffering patients to work, further hinder socioeconomic development. Feasible solutions framed within a country specific algorithm and stepwise approaches are needed to control the parasite in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Praet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alberto Pondja
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Yunus Amade Assane
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Medical Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Magnussen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bobes RJ, Navarrete-Perea J, Ochoa-Leyva A, Anaya VH, Hernández M, Cervantes-Torres J, Estrada K, Sánchez-Lopez F, Soberón X, Rosas G, Nunes CM, García-Varela M, Sotelo-Mundo RR, López-Zavala AA, Gevorkian G, Acero G, Laclette JP, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Experimental and Theoretical Approaches To Investigate the Immunogenicity of Taenia solium-Derived KE7 Antigen. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00395-17. [PMID: 28923896 PMCID: PMC5695116 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00395-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis, a parasitic disease that affects human health in various regions of the world, is preventable by vaccination. Both the 97-amino-acid-long KETc7 peptide and its carboxyl-terminal, 18-amino-acid-long sequence (GK-1) are found in Taenia crassiceps Both peptides have proven protective capacity against cysticercosis and are part of the highly conserved, cestode-native, 264-amino-acid long protein KE7. KE7 belongs to a ubiquitously distributed family of proteins associated with membrane processes and may participate in several vital cell pathways. The aim of this study was to identify the T. solium KE7 (TsKE7) full-length protein and to determine its immunogenic properties. Recombinant TsKE7 (rTsKE7) was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 cells and used to obtain mouse polyclonal antibodies. Anti-rTsKE7 antibodies detected the expected native protein among the 350 spots developed from T. solium cyst vesicular fluid in a mass spectrometry-coupled immune proteomic analysis. These antibodies were then used to screen a phage-displayed 7-random-peptide library to map B-cell epitopes. The recognized phages displayed 9 peptides, with the consensus motif Y(F/Y)PS sequence, which includes YYYPS (named GK-1M, for being a GK-1 mimotope), exactly matching a part of GK-1. GK-1M was recognized by 58% of serum samples from cysticercotic pigs with 100% specificity but induced weak protection against murine cysticercosis. In silico analysis revealed a universal T-cell epitope(s) in native TsKE7 potentially capable of stimulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes under different major histocompatibility complex class I and class II mouse haplotypes. Altogether, these results provide a rationale for the efficacy of the KETc7, rTsKE7, and GK-1 peptides as vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl J Bobes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - José Navarrete-Perea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Leyva
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Anaya
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | - Karel Estrada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Filiberto Sánchez-Lopez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Cáris Maroni Nunes
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Department of Animal Health and Production, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Martín García-Varela
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Rogerio Rafael Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Alonso Alexis López-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Gonzalo Acero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davaasuren A, Davaajav A, Ukhnaa B, Purvee A, Unurkhaan S, Luvsan A, Logan JE, Ito A. Neurocysticercosis: A case study of a Mongolian traveler who visited China and India with an updated review in Asia. Travel Med Infect Dis 2017; 20:31-36. [PMID: 28478337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) of Taenia solium has never been reported in Mongolia. A Mongolian traveler who visited China and India presented with epileptic seizures after his return to Mongolia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple ring enhancing lesions with edema surrounding several lesions in his brain that were initially diagnosed to be viral encephalitis or NCC. METHODS Serology for cysticercosis using diagnostic antigens partially purified by cation-exchange chromatography and chimeric recombinant antigens and DNA analysis of a proglottid found in the patient's stool were applied for differential diagnosis. RESULTS Serology showed strong positivity for NCC, and mitochondrial cox1 gene analysis revealed Indian but not Chinese haplotype of T. solium. CONCLUSION This NCC case was considered to be caused by eggs released from adult tapeworm(s) established after eating uncooked or undercooked pork contaminated with cysticerci during his stay in India. This is a case report of taeniasis and secondary NCC associated with travel to India with an updated review of NCC in Asia. Molecular tracking of the specimen is highly informative as a way to identify where the infection was acquired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Davaasuren
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Abmed Davaajav
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Baigalmaa Ukhnaa
- Department of Radiology, Luxmed Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | | | - Saraa Unurkhaan
- Neurology Center, The State Third Central Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Amartuvshin Luvsan
- Department of Radiology, The State Third Central Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Jenae E Logan
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine and Global Health Institute, Duke University, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sahu PS, Lim YAL, Mahmud R, Somanath SD, Tan CT, Ramachandran CP. Needs of exploring the burden of recent onset seizures due to neurocysticercosis and challenges in southeast Asia focusing on scenario in Malaysia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:332-340. [PMID: 28552103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures due to neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a neglected human-to-human transmitted disorder and an emerging problem worldwide. A substantial portion of recent onset seizures is known to be attributed to NCC in Taenia solium (T. solium) endemic areas where populations which neither raise pigs nor eat pig meat are also at risk. High prevalence of NCC causing epilepsy has been reported in the underdeveloped areas of Southeast Asia (SEA) however, only fragmentary information on its incidence is available in countries like Malaysia. In Malaysia T. solium infection was previously thought to be infrequent due to Muslim population majority and the religious prohibition of consuming pork, but it is not totally absent. There is an evident lack of knowledge and awareness of the actual burden, routes of transmission, and the impact of NCC in this region. The problem is assumed to be more prevalent particularly in cities because of the frequent inflow of possibly T. solium infected individuals or carriers among those who migrate from neighboring endemic countries to Malaysia. The issue of imported cases that are likely to be emerging in Malaysia is highlighted here. An accurate quantification of regional burdens of epilepsy due to NCC in Malaysia is warranted considering the disease emergence in its neighboring countries. It is suggested that the importance of NCC be recognized through quantification of its burden, and also to collect epidemiological data for its subsequent elimination in line of World Health Organization's mission for control of cysticercosis as a neglected tropical disease. In this review the need as well as a strategy for neuro-care center screening of epilepsy cases, and various issues with possible explanations are discussed. It is also proposed that NCC be declared as a reportable disease which is one of the eradicable public health problems in SEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshi S Sahu
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yvonne A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sushela D Somanath
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong T Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C P Ramachandran
- Programme Review Group, Neglected Tropical Diseases-WHO-Western Pacific Region, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ng-Nguyen D, Stevenson MA, Traub RJ. A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:150. [PMID: 28320455 PMCID: PMC5359969 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis have been ranked as the most important food-borne parasites of humans in terms of public health, socioeconomic and trade impact. Despite this, information on these food-borne zoonoses in Vietnam is scarce and fragmented, and many local reports remain inaccessible to the international research community. This study aims to conduct comprehensive literature searches to report on the incidence and estimate the true prevalence of taeniasis in humans and T. solium cysticercosis in humans and pigs in Vietnam utilizing Bayesian models; in addition, to report the incidence and the distribution of trichinellosis. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the true prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis based on published diagnostic test characteristics used in each published cross-sectional survey. The utilization of coproscopic-based examination of Taenia eggs in stool, although highly specific for genus-level detection, has poor sensitivity and led to an underestimation of the prevalence of human taeniasis. Similarly, post-mortem-based surveys of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs also led to the underestimation of prevalence of porcine cysticercosis. On the other hand, the low specificity of immunodiagnostic methods, in particular Ab-ELISA, led to a likely overestimation of T. solium cysticercosis in humans. Due to the use of imperfect diagnosis tests combined with poor descriptions of sampling methods, our ability to draw solid conclusions from these data is limited. We estimate that the true prevalence of taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis in rural ‘hotspots’, is as high as 13% for each, in humans. Taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis occurs in 60 of the 63 provinces of Vietnam. Most of the information relating to the distribution and prevalence of porcine cysticercosis is limited to commercial abattoir surveys. In Vietnam, Taenia asiatica appears to be confined to the north where it occurs sympatrically with T. solium and Taenia saginata. The status of T. asiatica in Central and South Vietnam remains unascertained. To date, five outbreaks of trichinellosis have been reported in the north and northwest of Vietnam, affecting a total of 114 people and responsible for eight fatalities. In the same region, studies of free-roaming pigs showed evidence of high levels of exposure to Trichinella and, in cases where larvae were recovered, the species present were identified as Trichinella spiralis. Based on five studies, the main risk factors for pork-borne zoonoses in Vietnam include the consumption of undercooked/raw meat and vegetables and the use of night-soil for fertilization of local produce. This systematic review draws attention to the importance of these pork-borne zoonoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Ng-Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak province, Vietnam.
| | - Mark A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Traub
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|