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Bamouh Z, Elkarhat Z, Hamdi J, Fellahi S, Tadlaoui KO, Fassi-Fihri O, Elharrak M. Draft genome sequence of Moroccan camelpox vaccine strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0086923. [PMID: 38727231 PMCID: PMC11237389 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00869-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of camelpox can be achieved by efficient vaccination. A limited number of homologous attenuated vaccines have been commercialized. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of camelpox virus vaccine strain "CAMPOX vaccine" after 175 passages of attenuation in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bamouh
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Z Elkarhat
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - J Hamdi
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - S Fellahi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - O Fassi-Fihri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Elharrak
- R&D, MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia, Morocco
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Ranjan R, Marwaha S, Singh M, Narnaware SD, Ranjan A, Sahoo A. Molecular investigations of camelpox virus circulating in dromedary camel population in Rajasthan, India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102073. [PMID: 37826888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Camelpox is an important viral disease of dromedary camel in Rajasthan, India. In the present study, partial C18L gene sequences (n = 6) of camelpox virus (CMLV) obtained in an outbreak in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India in year 2022 were compared with other similar sequences obtained in the past in similar geographical location. Clinical and epidemiological features of the disease were also compared. Genomic study suggested variations in C18L gene sequences obtained in the present outbreak from those obtained during the past outbreaks. CMLV were genetically different from cowpox viruses, but appeared identical to CMLV causing disease in Israel, Egypt and Kazakhstan. Genomes of CMLV virus circulating in dromedary camel population of Rajasthan, India appeared diverse and changing, hence complete genome sequencing and identification of genomic changes altering infectivity and pathogenicity is warranted for designing control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ranjan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sumnil Marwaha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meetpal Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shirish D Narnaware
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Goa 403402, India
| | - Amita Ranjan
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Artabandhu Sahoo
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India
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Bamouh Z, Hamdi J, Elkarhat Z, Fellahi S, Omari Tadlaoui K, Watts DM, Fassi Fihri O, Elharrak M. Attenuation and genetic characteristics of a Moroccan strain of Camel pox virus. Vaccine 2022; 40:6471-6480. [PMID: 36192275 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Camel pox (CML) is a widespread infectious viral disease of camels that causes huge economic losses to the camel industry. In this study, a local strain of Camel pox virus (CMLV) was attenuated by 175 serial passages in Vero cells and the residual pathogenicity and infectivity were tested in naïve camels at 120, 150 and 175 passage levels. Also, the safety and immunogenicity of the 175th passage were evaluated in camels using a dose of 104.0 Tissue Culture Dose 50% (TCID50) and monitored for up to one-year post vaccination (pv) for neutralizing antibody. Seroconversion was noted at day 14 pv with neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 0.5 and 1.6 logs over the one-year of the study. Among 8 camels inoculated with the P175 strain, 4 were challenged at 12-month pv with 105.7 TCID50/ml of the original virulent CMLV and complete protection was recorded in all animals. Whole genome sequencing detected six mutations in the original CMLV strain that were not present in the attenuated 175th passage of this strain. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that the 175th passage of the CMLV was attenuated, safe and afforded protection to camels against virulent CMLV, and is therefore, a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of CML in camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bamouh
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco; Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jihane Hamdi
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Elkarhat
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
| | - Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | | | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
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Kandeel M, Al-Mubarak AIA. Camel viral diseases: Current diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:915475. [PMID: 36032287 PMCID: PMC9403476 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.915475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic viruses infect camels, generally regarded as especially hardy livestock because of their ability to thrive in harsh and arid conditions. Transmission of these viruses has been facilitated by the commercialization of camel milk and meat and their byproducts, and vaccines are needed to prevent viruses from spreading. There is a paucity of information on the effectiveness of viral immunizations in camels, even though numerous studies have looked into the topic. More research is needed to create effective vaccines and treatments for camels. Because Camels are carriers of coronavirus, capable of producing a powerful immune response to recurrent coronavirus infections. As a result, camels may be a suitable model for viral vaccine trials since vaccines are simple to create and can prevent viral infection transfer from animals to humans. In this review, we present available data on the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative strategies for the following viral diseases in camels, most of which result in significant economic loss: camelpox, Rift Valley fever, peste des petits ruminants, bovine viral diarrhea, bluetongue, rotavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19. Although suitable vaccines have been developed for controlling viral infections and perhaps interrupting the transmission of the virus from the affected animals to blood-feeding vectors, there is a paucity of information on the effectiveness of viral immunizations in camels and more research is needed. Recent therapeutic trials that include specific antivirals or supportive care have helped manage viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Kandeel
| | - Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Narnaware SD, Ranjan R, Dahiya SS, Panchbuddhe A, Bajpai D, Tuteja FC, Sawal RK. Pathological and molecular investigations of systemic form of camelpox in naturally infected adult male dromedary camels in India. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06186. [PMID: 33598582 PMCID: PMC7868614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Camelpox is a wide-spread infectious viral disease of camelids. An outbreak of camelpox was reported in 15 adult male dromedary camels aged between 10 to 16 years of an organized herd in winter season. The infected camels showed clinical signs of fever, anorexia, lachrymation, pendulous lips, excessive salivation and pock lesions on the skin of head, neck, mouth, lips, extremities, thigh, abdomen, scrotum and inguinal region. Mortalities were recorded in three infected camels after 10-12 days of infection and showed systemic pox lesions characterized by vesicles, papules, ulcerations and raised pock lesions in the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, tracheal mucosa, lung, abomasum and liver. Histopathology study revealed characteristic pox lesions with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in tongue. Lung showed lesion of interstitial pneumonia (n = 2) and bronchointerstitial pneumonia (n = 1). Liver showed infiltration of mononuclear cells around central veins and degenerative changes of hepatocytes. The abomasum and intestine showed ulcerations, marked capillary congestion and areas of lymphocyte infiltration in mucosa and submucosa. The presence of camelpox virus (CMLV) was confirmed in viral DNA isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of tongue, lung, abomasum, liver, heart and intestine of infected camels by C18L gene PCR. The sequencing of viral DNAs showed phylogenetic relatedness with other CMLV isolates from India and other countries. Thus, our study confirmed the rare severe form of systemic camelpox outbreak in adult male dromedary camels hence future attention should be given for studies on virulence, strain identification and molecular epidemiology of CMLV for planning of effective preventive and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakesh Ranjan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shyam Singh Dahiya
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Devika Bajpai
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fateh Chand Tuteja
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sawal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Post Bag No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Alterations of hemogram, serum biochemistry, oxidative/nitrosative balance, and copper/zinc homeostasis in dromedary camels naturally infected with poxvirus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2997-3003. [PMID: 32519073 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Camel pox (CMLP), a contagious viral disease of camels, causes considerable economic loss in terms of milk, meat, wool, and leather production besides reduction of draught power. The effect of spontaneous CMLP infection on hemogram, oxidative/nitrosative imbalance, and trace mineral homeostasis has not been studied earlier in dromedary camels. In the current study, hemogram, serum biochemistry, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, and zinc (Zn)-copper (Cu) homeostasis were evaluated in healthy and pox-infected camels. The CMLP was confirmed from pooled samples of vesicular fluid, oral mucosa, and skin samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the C18L gene of CMLP virus. Hemogram was performed manually in whole blood. The serum was analyzed for biochemistry. The oxidative/nitrosative imbalance was measured by determining the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite and nitrate (NOx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in serum. Simultaneously, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured in serum. A pronounced leucopenia (p = 0.019), lymphopenia (p = 0.005), and hypoproteinemia (p = 0.014) were noted in CMLP-infected camels compared to healthy animals. The significant elevation of the MDA (p = 0.005) and NOx (p = 0.044) concentrations in serum of CMLP-infected indicated marked oxidative stress during the disease. The zinc concentration (p = 0.014) in CMLP-infected camels was significantly lower than healthy camels. The study supports that oxidative/nitrosative imbalance and Cu-Zn homeostasis are compromised and related to the pathophysiology of CMLP infection. The finding will be helpful to veterinary clinicians to adopt effective therapeutic strategies using antioxidants and trace minerals during CMLP outbreak. The timely vaccination and bio-security will be the mainstay for prevention of the diseases.
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Clinicopathological investigations during an outbreak of camelpox in a dromedary camel herd in India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Erster O, Melamed S, Paran N, Weiss S, Khinich Y, Gelman B, Solomony A, Laskar-Levy O. First Diagnosed Case of Camelpox Virus in Israel. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020078. [PMID: 29438294 PMCID: PMC5850385 DOI: 10.3390/v10020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of a disease in camels with skin lesions was reported in Israel during 2016. To identify the etiological agent of this illness, we employed a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of lesion material revealed the presence of an orthopox-like virus, based on its characteristic brick shape. The virus from the skin lesions successfully infected chorioallantoic membranes and induced cytopathic effect in Vero cells, which were subsequently positively stained by an orthopox-specific antibody. The definite identification of the virus was accomplished by two independent qPCR, one of which was developed in this study, followed by sequencing of several regions of the viral genome. The qPCR and sequencing results confirmed the presence of camelpox virus (CMLV), and indicated that it is different from the previously annotated CMLV sequence available from GenBank. This is the first reported case of CMLV in Israel, and the first description of the isolated CMLV subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oran Erster
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Yevgeny Khinich
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Boris Gelman
- Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Aharon Solomony
- Negev Veterinary Bureau, Israeli Veterinary Services, Binyamin Ben Asa 1, Be'er Sheba 84102, Israel.
| | - Orly Laskar-Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIBR P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
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