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Lee S, Orr MC, Seung J, Yang Y, Tian Z, Lee M, Tak JH, Lee S, Bai M. Designing and Evaluating a Portable UV-LED Vane Trap to Expedite Arthropod Biodiversity Discovery. INSECTS 2024; 15:21. [PMID: 38249027 PMCID: PMC10816512 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel design of a portable funnel light trap (PFLT) was presented for collecting insects in ecological studies. The trap consists of a compact plastic box equipped with a light source and power source, along with two plastic polypropylene interception vanes. The PFLT costs 18.3 USD per unit and weighs approximately 300 g. A maximum of six PFLT units can be packed in one medium-sized backpack (32 cm × 45 cm × 15 cm, 20 L), making it easier to set up multiple units in remote areas wherein biodiversity research is needed. The low cost and weight of the trap also allows for large-scale deployment. The design is customizable and can be easily manufactured to fit various research needs. To validate the PFLT's efficacy in collecting insects across different habitat types, a series of field experiments were conducted in South Korea and Laos, where 37 trials were carried out. The PFLT successfully collected 7497 insects without experiencing battery issues or damage by rain or wind. Insect compositions and abundances differed across the three sampled habitat types: forests, grasslands, and watersides. This new FLT trap is an important tool for studying and protecting insect biodiversity, particularly in areas wherein conventional light traps cannot be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (S.L.)
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael C. Orr
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (S.L.)
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Entomologie, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jinbae Seung
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Yang
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Insect Pest Chemical Control Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhehao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (S.L.)
| | - Minhyeuk Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Tak
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Insect Pest Chemical Control Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (S.L.)
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Silva FS, das Neves GS, da Costa FDF, de Oliveira AM, da Costa Viana J, Brito JM, Costa Neta BM. Field evaluation of a new suction light trap for the capture of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vectors of leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:9. [PMID: 38052759 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are crepuscular and nocturnal small dipteran insects in the family Psychodidae. Several disease agents, including Leishmania parasites, are transmitted to humans and other vertebrate hosts by the bite of an infected female sand fly. As part of leishmaniasis surveillance programs, light traps have been routinely used in sand fly collections. In this context, new trapping devices are always being required to improve vector monitoring. Here, the efficiency of a new suction light trap, named Silva suction trap or SS trap, was field evaluated in collecting sand flies. Two SS traps, one with green (520 nm, 15,000 mcd) and the other with white (wide spectrum, 18,000 mcd) LEDs, and one CDC-type trap were deployed in a rural forested environment. A total of 4686 phlebotomine sand flies were captured. The most frequent species were females of the Ps. Chagasi series (77.8%) followed by males of Ps. wellcomei (11.6%), Nyssomyia whitmani (3.3%), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (2.4%). The CDC-type light trap collected 101.9 ± 20.89 sand flies and 14 species, followed by the white-baited SS trap (87.78 ± 16.36, 14), and the green-baited SS trap (70.61 ± 14.75, 15), but there were no statistically significant differences among traps. A discussion on the considerable advantages of the use of SS traps over CDC traps is included. In this study, the Silva suction trap proved to be efficient and can be an alternative to CDC traps for monitoring adult phlebotomine sand fly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francinaldo Soares Silva
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, 65080-805, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil.
| | - Genilson Silva das Neves
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco de França da Costa
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Agnael Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Joany da Costa Viana
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Mesquita Brito
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Benedita Maria Costa Neta
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, 65080-805, Brazil
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Color preference of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Phlebotominae) determined using Flebocollect Do It Yourself light traps based on LED technology. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:217-226. [PMID: 36404366 PMCID: PMC9816210 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whether phlebotomine sand flies show a preference for different light colors remains controversial. As light-capture methods are widely used to study sand flies, knowing the visual stimuli they respond to could help the design of novel control tools to prevent their attraction to hosts. We have detected a significant preference of male Sergentomyia minuta for green and red light sources. Accordingly, male S. minuta were 2.16 and 2.01 times more likely to be lured by Flebocollect model traps with green and red diode-lights, respectively, than the commercial CDC traps. Flebocollect traps are homemade light traps developed through citizen science. Dipterans are widely considered unable to distinguish the color red so this finding was unexpected. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a color preference in a species of the genus Sergentomyia. Our research also confirms the great potential of Flebocollect light traps for use in medical entomology studies.
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Citizen science set in motion: DIY light traps for phlebotomine sand flies. Prev Vet Med 2022; 200:105589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Somwang P, Khositharattanakool P, Pathawong N, Pongsiri A, Davidson SA, Ponlawat A. Field evaluation of four commercial light traps, trap placement, and effect of carbon dioxide on phlebotomine sand fly collection in northern Thailand. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105953. [PMID: 33979638 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several light trap devices have been invented and developed to assess the abundance of sand flies. Traps available in the market have different designs and attractant combinations to catch sand fly vectors. We evaluated the efficacy of four commercial light traps and determined the effect of trap placement and carbon dioxide (CO2) on sand fly collection in northern Thailand. Trap evaluations were conducted at two natural caves located in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. In the first part of the study, the efficacies of four trap types including the Centers for Disease Control miniature light trap (CDC LT), Encephalitis Vector Survey trap (EVS), CDC Updraft Blacklight trap (CDC UB), and Laika trap (LK) were evaluated and compared using a Latin square experimental design. The second half of the study evaluated the influence of trap placement and CO2 on sand fly collection. Additionally, CDC LT were placed inside, outside, and at the entrance of caves to compare the number of sand flies collected. For the trap efficacy experiment, a total of 11,876 phlebotomine sand flies were collected over 32 trap-nights. Results demonstrated that CDC LT, CDC UB, and LK collected significantly more sand flies than EVS (P > 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the numbers of sand flies collected by CDC LT, CDC UB, and LK. A total of 6,698 sand flies were collected from the trap placement and CO2 experiment over 72 trap-nights. Results showed that CO2 did not influence the numbers of sand flies captured (P < 0.05), whereas trap placement at the entrance of the caves resulted in collection of significantly more sand flies than traps placed inside and outside of the caves. We found the CDC LT, CDC UB, and LK without CO2 captured the greatest amount of sand flies. This was particularly observed when traps were placed at the entrance of a cave, perhaps because of the greater passage of stimuli caused by wind flow at the entrance of the cave. The light traps in this study can be used effectively to collect sand fly vectors in northern Thailand.
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Zorrilla VO, Lozano ME, Espada LJ, Kosoy M, McKee C, Valdivia HO, Arevalo H, Troyes M, Stoops CA, Fisher ML, Vásquez GM. Comparison of sand fly trapping approaches for vector surveillance of Leishmania and Bartonella species in ecologically distinct, endemic regions of Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009517. [PMID: 34260585 PMCID: PMC8279425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Peru, the information regarding sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis and bartonellosis in the Amazon region is limited. In this study, we carried out sand fly collections in Peruvian lowland and highland jungle areas using different trap type configurations and screened them for Leishmania and Bartonella DNA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Phlebotomine sand flies were collected in Peruvian Amazon jungle and inter Andean regions using CDC light trap, UV and color LED traps, Mosquito Magnet trap, BG Sentinel trap, and a Shannon trap placed outside the houses. Leishmania spp. screening was performed by kDNA PCR and confirmed by a nested cytochrome B gene (cytB) PCR. Bartonella spp. screening was performed by ITS PCR and confirmed by citrate synthase gene (gltA). The PCR amplicons were sequenced to identify Leishmania and Bartonella species. UV and Blue LED traps collected the highest average number of sand flies per hour in low jungle; UV, Mosquito Magnet and Shannon traps in high jungle; and Mosquito Magnet in inter Andean region. Leishmania guyanensis in Lutzomyia carrerai carrerai and L. naiffi in Lu. hirsuta hirsuta were identified based on cytB sequencing. Bartonella spp. related to Bartonella bacilliformis in Lu. whitmani, Lu. nevesi, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta and Lu. sherlocki, and a Bartonella sp. related to Candidatus B. rondoniensis in Lu. nevesi and Lu. maranonensis were identified based on gltA gene sequencing. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE UV, Blue LED, Mosquito Magnet and Shannon traps were more efficient than the BG-Sentinel, Green, and Red LED traps. This is the first report of L. naiffi and of two genotypes of Bartonella spp. related to B. bacilliformis and Candidatus B. rondoniensis infecting sand fly species from the Amazon region in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Zorrilla
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Marisa E. Lozano
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
- Vysnova Partners, Lima, Peru
| | - Liz J. Espada
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
- Vysnova Partners, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael Kosoy
- KB One Health LLC, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Clifton McKee
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hugo O. Valdivia
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
| | - Heriberto Arevalo
- Laboratorio Referencial de Salud, Tarapoto, Direccion Regional de Salud San Martin, Peru
| | | | - Craig A. Stoops
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
| | - Michael L. Fisher
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
| | - Gissella M. Vásquez
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6, Bellavista, Peru
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Arfuso F, Gaglio G, Abbate JM, Caracappa G, Lupia A, Napoli E, Giarratana F, Latrofa MS, Giannetto S, Otranto D, Brianti E. Identification of phlebotomine sand flies through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and in-house reference database. Acta Trop 2019; 194:47-52. [PMID: 30871992 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors for many pathogens responsible for human and animal diseases worldwide. Their identification at species level is of importance in epidemiological studies and control programmes. MALDI-TOF MS has been increasingly investigated as an alternative approach to the conventional identification of arthropods species. To establish an in-house protein spectra database for a quick and reliable species identification of phlebotomine sand flies, 166 field-caught sand fly specimens, morphologically identified as Phlebotomus perniciosus (no = 56; 26 males and 30 females), Phlebotomus neglectus (no = 4 males), Phlebotomus sergenti (no = 6; 4 males and 2 females) and Sergentomyia minuta (no = 100; 45 males and 55 females), were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Out of 166, 149 specimens (89.8%) produced consistent species-specific protein spectra. Good quality database for P. perniciosus and S. minuta were generated; no databases have yet constructed for P. neglectus and P. sergenti due to the low number of specimens examined. The identification of 80 sand flies (no = 20 P. perniciosus; no = 60 S. minuta) were confirmed using the new generated SuperSpectra as validation test. The results reported support the use of MALDI-TOF MS for rapid, simple and reliable phlebotomine sand fly species identification suggesting its usefulness in accurate survey studies, ultimately improving biological and epidemiological knowledge on these important vectors of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Jessica Maria Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Caracappa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Lupia
- Biologist Practitioner, Via A. Gramsci 15, 88050, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ettore Napoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Latrofa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada prov.le per Casamassima km. 3, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada prov.le per Casamassima km. 3, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Brianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
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Do Different LED Colours Influence Sand Fly Collection by Light Trap in the Mediterranean? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6432637. [PMID: 30050940 PMCID: PMC6040297 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6432637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light traps represent the most used attractive system to collect and monitor phlebotomine sand flies. Recent studies have suggested that light traps can be easily upgraded by the use of light-emitting diode (LED) with positive effects on trap design, weight, and battery life. However, scant data on the effect of different LED colours on the attractiveness to phlebotomine sand fly species are available in literature. In this study, the capture performances of light traps equipped with different LED colours on phlebotomine sand fly species indigenous in the Mediterranean area were evaluated. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were performed using a classical light trap (CLT), equipped with a traditional incandescent lamp, and five Laika 4.0 light traps supplied, each with LED of different colours and wavelengths: (i) white; (ii) red; (iii) green; (iv) blue; (v) UV. Light traps were set for three consecutive nights fortnightly from May to October 2017 and climate data recorded using a meteorological station. A total of 411 phlebotomine sand flies (191 males and 220 females), belonging to three different species, namely, Phlebotomus perniciosus (n= 298, 141 males and 157 females), Sergentomyia minuta (n=110, 48 males and 62 females), and Phlebotomus neglectus (n=3, 2 males and 1 females) were collected. Abundance of capture was influenced by colours of LED and time. The highest number of phlebotomine sand flies was captured on June (P<0.01) and by UV LED (P<0.01). As regard to species, P. perniciosus was mainly captured by UV LED on June (P<0.01). No effect of time (P>0.05) or LED colour (P>0.05) was recorded for S. minuta and P. neglectus. According to the results of the present study light trap equipped with UV LED can represent an effective tool for the capture of sand fly species in the Mediterranean area.
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